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Class Certification Appeals Must Be Timely
The Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit held that parties seeking to immediately appeal decisions to grant or deny class certification must do so within the ten days prescribed by Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure (FRAP) 23(f).
Women prisoners in the Cook county (Chicago) jail in Illinois filed suit over a policy which required that all prisoners being processed for release from the jail be strip searched. The plaintiffs filed a motion for class certification which was granted on April 10, 1997. In August, 1998, the jail defendants asked the district court to decertify the class. The court denied the motion and the defendants immediately appealed even though no final judgment had been entered in the underlying case.
FRAP 23(f) allows for interlocutory appeals of decisions to grant or deny class certification. The rule states that such appeals must be filed within ten days of the ruling being appealed. In this case, the defendants filed their appeal within ten days of the denial of their motion for decertification, but well past when the district court initially granted the motion to certify the class.
In a brief ruling, the court held that the ten day limit of FRAP 23(f) deprived the appeals court of jurisdiction because the appeal was untimely. The court held that having delayed filing their appeal, the defendants must wait for a final decision on the merits to be entered in the case before they can appeal the matter. To do otherwise would frustrate the purpose of the ten day limit in FRAP 23(f) which is designed to minimize the disruption to pending litigation. See: Gary v. Sheahan, 188 F.3d 891 (7th Cir. 1999).
Women prisoners in the Cook county (Chicago) jail in Illinois filed suit over a policy which required that all prisoners being processed for release from the jail be strip searched. The plaintiffs filed a motion for class certification which was granted on April 10, 1997. In August, 1998, the jail defendants asked the district court to decertify the class. The court denied the motion and the defendants immediately appealed even though no final judgment had been entered in the underlying case.
FRAP 23(f) allows for interlocutory appeals of decisions to grant or deny class certification. The rule states that such appeals must be filed within ten days of the ruling being appealed. In this case, the defendants filed their appeal within ten days of the denial of their motion for decertification, but well past when the district court initially granted the motion to certify the class.
In a brief ruling, the court held that the ten day limit of FRAP 23(f) deprived the appeals court of jurisdiction because the appeal was untimely. The court held that having delayed filing their appeal, the defendants must wait for a final decision on the merits to be entered in the case before they can appeal the matter. To do otherwise would frustrate the purpose of the ten day limit in FRAP 23(f) which is designed to minimize the disruption to pending litigation. See: Gary v. Sheahan, 188 F.3d 891 (7th Cir. 1999).
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Related legal case
Gary v.Sheahan
| Year | 1999 |
|---|---|
| Cite | 188 F.3d 891 (7th Cir. 1999) |
| Level | Court of Appeals |
Gary v. Sheahan, 188 F.3d 891 (7th Cir. 08/19/1999)
[1] U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit
[2] No. 99-8013
[4] August 19, 1999
[5] KENYA GARY AND TANIA HAYES, ON BEHALF OF THEMSELVES AND A CLASS OF OTHERS SIMILARLY SITUATED, PLAINTIFFS-RESPONDENTS,
v.
MICHAEL F. SHEAHAN, SHERIFF OF COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS, DEFENDANT-PETITIONER.
[6] On Petition for Leave to Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 96 C 7294--David H. Coar, Judge.
[7] Before Easterbrook, Diane P. Wood, and Evans, Circuit Judges.
[8] The opinion of the court was delivered by: Easterbrook, Circuit Judge.
[9] Submitted July 2, 1999
[10] As in Blair v. Equifax Check Services, Inc., No. 99-8006 (7th Cir. June 22, 1999), we have been asked to approve an interlocutory appeal under Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(f). See also 28 U.S.C. sec.1292(e); Fed. R. App. P. 5. And as in Blair, there is a preliminary question about appellate jurisdiction. Rule 23(f) authorizes us to "permit an appeal from an order of a district court granting or denying class action certification under this rule if application is made to it within ten days after entry of the order." Blair held an appeal may be filed either from the order itself or from the Disposition of a request for reconsideration filed within the time for appeal. Now we drop the other shoe: if the request for reconsideration is filed more than ten days after the order "granting or denying class action certification under this rule", then appeal must wait until the final judgment.
[11] This case was certified as a class action on April 10, 1997. In August 1998 defendant asked the district court to decertify the class. Defendant's motion was denied on March 31, 1999, and a petition for leave to appeal was filed within ten days of that order. (Ten rule days, not ten calendar days; under Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(a) weekends and holidays do not count when a time limit prescribed by the civil rules is ten days or fewer.) Blair shows that a motion to reconsider filed more than ten days after the order is too late to preserve the possibility of appeal under Rule 23(f), and we do not think that it matters what caption the litigant places on the motion to reconsider. This case demonstrates why that limit is essential. Otherwise, by styling a motion to reconsider as a motion to decertify the class, a litigant could defeat the function of the ten-day line drawn in Rule 23(f).
[12] Interlocutory appeals are rare, because they may disrupt progress of the case. Because the decision whether a suit will proceed as a class action is so vital, and sometimes so hard to review at the end of the case, Rule 23(f) permits the court of appeals to accelerate appellate review; but to ensure that there is only one window of potential disruption, and to permit the parties to proceed in confidence about the scope and stakes of the case thereafter, the window of review is deliberately small.
[13] Blair analogizes a motion for reconsideration to a post-judgment motion under Fed. R. Civ. P. 50 or 59(e). That analogy also supplies details about the effect of successive or belated motions in the district court. A motion filed after the time allowed by these rules does not extend the time for appellate review. Browder v. Director, Department of Corrections, 434 U.S. 257 (1978). A second or successive motion for reconsideration is just a motion filed after ten days: it does not restart the clock for appellate review. Charles v. Daley, 799 F.2d 343, 356 (7th Cir. 1986). Cf. Midland Coal Co. v. Director, OWCP, 149 F.3d 558, 563-64 (7th Cir. 1998) (same rule for judicial review of administrative action).
[14] To this rule there is a solitary exception, which we fancy would apply to Rule 23(f) as well: if in response to a belated motion for reconsideration the Judge materially alters the decision, then the party aggrieved by the alteration may appeal within the normal time. FTC v. Minneapolis-Honeywell Co., 344 U.S. 206, 211 (1952); Charles, 799 F.2d at 348. Thus, had the district Judge granted defendant's motion and decertified the class, plaintiffs would have had ten days under Rule 23(f) to seek permission to appeal. Instead, however, the Judge denied the motion and left the class definition in place. Accepting an appeal from such a decision would abandon the time limit for all practical purposes. That step would be both unauthorized and imprudent.
[15] The petition for leave to appeal is dismissed for want of jurisdiction.
[1] U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit
[2] No. 99-8013
[4] August 19, 1999
[5] KENYA GARY AND TANIA HAYES, ON BEHALF OF THEMSELVES AND A CLASS OF OTHERS SIMILARLY SITUATED, PLAINTIFFS-RESPONDENTS,
v.
MICHAEL F. SHEAHAN, SHERIFF OF COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS, DEFENDANT-PETITIONER.
[6] On Petition for Leave to Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division. No. 96 C 7294--David H. Coar, Judge.
[7] Before Easterbrook, Diane P. Wood, and Evans, Circuit Judges.
[8] The opinion of the court was delivered by: Easterbrook, Circuit Judge.
[9] Submitted July 2, 1999
[10] As in Blair v. Equifax Check Services, Inc., No. 99-8006 (7th Cir. June 22, 1999), we have been asked to approve an interlocutory appeal under Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(f). See also 28 U.S.C. sec.1292(e); Fed. R. App. P. 5. And as in Blair, there is a preliminary question about appellate jurisdiction. Rule 23(f) authorizes us to "permit an appeal from an order of a district court granting or denying class action certification under this rule if application is made to it within ten days after entry of the order." Blair held an appeal may be filed either from the order itself or from the Disposition of a request for reconsideration filed within the time for appeal. Now we drop the other shoe: if the request for reconsideration is filed more than ten days after the order "granting or denying class action certification under this rule", then appeal must wait until the final judgment.
[11] This case was certified as a class action on April 10, 1997. In August 1998 defendant asked the district court to decertify the class. Defendant's motion was denied on March 31, 1999, and a petition for leave to appeal was filed within ten days of that order. (Ten rule days, not ten calendar days; under Fed. R. Civ. P. 6(a) weekends and holidays do not count when a time limit prescribed by the civil rules is ten days or fewer.) Blair shows that a motion to reconsider filed more than ten days after the order is too late to preserve the possibility of appeal under Rule 23(f), and we do not think that it matters what caption the litigant places on the motion to reconsider. This case demonstrates why that limit is essential. Otherwise, by styling a motion to reconsider as a motion to decertify the class, a litigant could defeat the function of the ten-day line drawn in Rule 23(f).
[12] Interlocutory appeals are rare, because they may disrupt progress of the case. Because the decision whether a suit will proceed as a class action is so vital, and sometimes so hard to review at the end of the case, Rule 23(f) permits the court of appeals to accelerate appellate review; but to ensure that there is only one window of potential disruption, and to permit the parties to proceed in confidence about the scope and stakes of the case thereafter, the window of review is deliberately small.
[13] Blair analogizes a motion for reconsideration to a post-judgment motion under Fed. R. Civ. P. 50 or 59(e). That analogy also supplies details about the effect of successive or belated motions in the district court. A motion filed after the time allowed by these rules does not extend the time for appellate review. Browder v. Director, Department of Corrections, 434 U.S. 257 (1978). A second or successive motion for reconsideration is just a motion filed after ten days: it does not restart the clock for appellate review. Charles v. Daley, 799 F.2d 343, 356 (7th Cir. 1986). Cf. Midland Coal Co. v. Director, OWCP, 149 F.3d 558, 563-64 (7th Cir. 1998) (same rule for judicial review of administrative action).
[14] To this rule there is a solitary exception, which we fancy would apply to Rule 23(f) as well: if in response to a belated motion for reconsideration the Judge materially alters the decision, then the party aggrieved by the alteration may appeal within the normal time. FTC v. Minneapolis-Honeywell Co., 344 U.S. 206, 211 (1952); Charles, 799 F.2d at 348. Thus, had the district Judge granted defendant's motion and decertified the class, plaintiffs would have had ten days under Rule 23(f) to seek permission to appeal. Instead, however, the Judge denied the motion and left the class definition in place. Accepting an appeal from such a decision would abandon the time limit for all practical purposes. That step would be both unauthorized and imprudent.
[15] The petition for leave to appeal is dismissed for want of jurisdiction.