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No Immunity for Photo Limit
The Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, in a per curium opinion, held that Arkansas prison officials were not entitled to qualified immunity for promulgating a policy that allows prisoners to retain only five photographs in their cells.
Len Davis, a federal prisoner in the Arkansas state prison system, filed suit challenging the Arkansas Department of Corrections (ADC) policy of limiting prisoners to possessing five personal photos.
The defendants moved for summary judgment on qualified immunity grounds, and the district court denied their motion. The defendants then filed an interlocutory appeal. The appeals court affirmed the lower court.
"Prisoners' First amendment rights encompass the right to be free from certain interference with mail correspondence, which in this instance includes photographs." The Court noted that the defendants would be entitled to qualified immunity "if they reasonably believed that their implementation of the photograph policy did not violate Davis's First amendment rights."
The Court held that the defendants had failed to meet their burden of proof. "Although defendants asserted that the policy was reasonably related to the interest of security, we agree with the district court that it was impossible to determine on this record whether the policy advanced this interest.
Defendants did not submit to the court either a copy of the policy or any evidence supporting their argument, and Davis contested the validity of the purported security interest by claiming the policy was enacted in retaliation for inmates' filing claims about their lost photographs. A genuine issue of fact therefore existed as to whether the photograph policy reasonably related to a legitimate penological objective, precluding summary judgment." See: Davis v. Norris , 249 F.3d 800 (8th Cir. 2001).
Len Davis, a federal prisoner in the Arkansas state prison system, filed suit challenging the Arkansas Department of Corrections (ADC) policy of limiting prisoners to possessing five personal photos.
The defendants moved for summary judgment on qualified immunity grounds, and the district court denied their motion. The defendants then filed an interlocutory appeal. The appeals court affirmed the lower court.
"Prisoners' First amendment rights encompass the right to be free from certain interference with mail correspondence, which in this instance includes photographs." The Court noted that the defendants would be entitled to qualified immunity "if they reasonably believed that their implementation of the photograph policy did not violate Davis's First amendment rights."
The Court held that the defendants had failed to meet their burden of proof. "Although defendants asserted that the policy was reasonably related to the interest of security, we agree with the district court that it was impossible to determine on this record whether the policy advanced this interest.
Defendants did not submit to the court either a copy of the policy or any evidence supporting their argument, and Davis contested the validity of the purported security interest by claiming the policy was enacted in retaliation for inmates' filing claims about their lost photographs. A genuine issue of fact therefore existed as to whether the photograph policy reasonably related to a legitimate penological objective, precluding summary judgment." See: Davis v. Norris , 249 F.3d 800 (8th Cir. 2001).
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Related legal case
Davis v. Norris
| Year | 2001 |
|---|---|
| Cite | 249 F.3d 800 (8th Cir. 2001) |
| Level | Court of Appeals |
Davis v. Norris, 249 F.3d 800 (8th Cir. 05/10/2001)
[1] U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit
[2] No. 99-2477EA
[3] 249 F.3d 800, 2001
[4] May 10, 2001
[5] LEN EDWIN DAVIS, APPELLEE,
v.
LARRY NORRIS, DIRECTOR, ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION; G. DAVID GUNTHARP, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION; GREG HARMON, WARDEN, TUCKER MAXIMUM SECURITY UNIT, APPELLANTS, JOHN BLANKENSHIP, DISCIPLINARY JUDGE, ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION; CARLA SLAYDEN, SUPERVISOR OF RECORDS, TUCKER MAXIMUM SECURITY UNIT, ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION, DEFENDANTS.
[6] Before Morris Sheppard Arnold, Richard S. Arnold, and Fagg, Circuit Judges.
[7] The opinion of the court was delivered by: Per Curiam.
[8] On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas.
[9] [To Be Published]
[10] Submitted: April 24, 2001
[11] In this interlocutory appeal, Arkansas Department of Correction (ADC) Director Larry Norris, ADC Assistant Director G. David Guntharp, and Tucker Maximum Security Unit Warden Greg Harmon appeal the District Court's *fn1 denial of their motion for summary judgment based on qualified immunity in federal inmate Len Edwin Davis's 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action against them. Davis alleged that an ADC photograph policy limiting to five the number of personal photographs inmates may retain in their cells infringed on his First Amendment rights. We affirm.
[12] We review denials of summary judgment based on qualified immunity only when the issue presented is whether the facts alleged support a claim that defendants violated clearly established law. See Pace v. City of Des Moines, 201 F.3d 1050, 1052 (8th Cir. 2000). We will reverse the denial of summary judgment if the evidence, viewed most favorably to the nonmoving party, shows there is no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See id.
[13] Prisoners' First Amendment rights encompass the right to be free from certain interference with mail correspondence, which in this instance includes photographs. See Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 89-91 (1987); Griffin v. Lombardi, 946 F.2d 604, 607 (8th Cir. 1991). Prisoners' First Amendment rights may be circumscribed if legitimate penological objectives outweigh preservation of their rights. See O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz, 482 U.S. 342, 349 (1987). Here, defendants are entitled to qualified immunity if they reasonably believed that their implementation of the photograph policy did not violate Davis's First Amendment rights. See Griffin, 946 F.2d at 607. Although defendants asserted that the policy was reasonably related to the interest of security, we agree with the District Court that it was impossible to determine on this record whether the policy advanced this interest. Defendants did not submit to the Court either a copy of the policy or any evidence supporting their argument, and Davis contested the validity of the purported security interest by claiming the policy was enacted in retaliation for inmates' filing claims about their lost photographs. A genuine issue of fact therefore existed as to whether the photograph policy reasonably related to a legitimate penological objective, precluding summary judgment.
[14] Accordingly, we affirm.
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Opinion Footnotes
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[15] *fn1 The Honorable Henry Woods, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Arkansas.
[1] U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit
[2] No. 99-2477EA
[3] 249 F.3d 800, 2001
[4] May 10, 2001
[5] LEN EDWIN DAVIS, APPELLEE,
v.
LARRY NORRIS, DIRECTOR, ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION; G. DAVID GUNTHARP, ASSISTANT DIRECTOR, ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION; GREG HARMON, WARDEN, TUCKER MAXIMUM SECURITY UNIT, APPELLANTS, JOHN BLANKENSHIP, DISCIPLINARY JUDGE, ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION; CARLA SLAYDEN, SUPERVISOR OF RECORDS, TUCKER MAXIMUM SECURITY UNIT, ARKANSAS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTION, DEFENDANTS.
[6] Before Morris Sheppard Arnold, Richard S. Arnold, and Fagg, Circuit Judges.
[7] The opinion of the court was delivered by: Per Curiam.
[8] On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas.
[9] [To Be Published]
[10] Submitted: April 24, 2001
[11] In this interlocutory appeal, Arkansas Department of Correction (ADC) Director Larry Norris, ADC Assistant Director G. David Guntharp, and Tucker Maximum Security Unit Warden Greg Harmon appeal the District Court's *fn1 denial of their motion for summary judgment based on qualified immunity in federal inmate Len Edwin Davis's 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action against them. Davis alleged that an ADC photograph policy limiting to five the number of personal photographs inmates may retain in their cells infringed on his First Amendment rights. We affirm.
[12] We review denials of summary judgment based on qualified immunity only when the issue presented is whether the facts alleged support a claim that defendants violated clearly established law. See Pace v. City of Des Moines, 201 F.3d 1050, 1052 (8th Cir. 2000). We will reverse the denial of summary judgment if the evidence, viewed most favorably to the nonmoving party, shows there is no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See id.
[13] Prisoners' First Amendment rights encompass the right to be free from certain interference with mail correspondence, which in this instance includes photographs. See Turner v. Safley, 482 U.S. 78, 89-91 (1987); Griffin v. Lombardi, 946 F.2d 604, 607 (8th Cir. 1991). Prisoners' First Amendment rights may be circumscribed if legitimate penological objectives outweigh preservation of their rights. See O'Lone v. Estate of Shabazz, 482 U.S. 342, 349 (1987). Here, defendants are entitled to qualified immunity if they reasonably believed that their implementation of the photograph policy did not violate Davis's First Amendment rights. See Griffin, 946 F.2d at 607. Although defendants asserted that the policy was reasonably related to the interest of security, we agree with the District Court that it was impossible to determine on this record whether the policy advanced this interest. Defendants did not submit to the Court either a copy of the policy or any evidence supporting their argument, and Davis contested the validity of the purported security interest by claiming the policy was enacted in retaliation for inmates' filing claims about their lost photographs. A genuine issue of fact therefore existed as to whether the photograph policy reasonably related to a legitimate penological objective, precluding summary judgment.
[14] Accordingly, we affirm.
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Opinion Footnotes
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[15] *fn1 The Honorable Henry Woods, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Arkansas.