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Sixth Circuit Holds Prisoner's Access to Court Not Violated
Affirming a Tennessee federal district court decision, the U.S. Sixth
Circuit Court of Appeals held that a state prisoner incarcerated in a
private prison suffered no violation of his right to meaningful access to
courts.
Danny Ray Thomas is a Tennessee prisoner held in a private prison managed
by the Corrections Corporation of America (CCA). Thomas sued prison warden
Linda Rochell and CCA under 42 U.S.C. §1983. Thomas claimed that in four
separate cases he suffered actual injury due to Rochell's and CCA's actions
that resulted in denial of Thomas' access to courts. The district court
granted summary judgment to the defendants, and Thomas appealed.
The Sixth Circuit held that two cases about which Thomas complained of
denial of access to courts involved state tort and medical malpractice
claims. Under Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343 (1996), the right to access to
courts is limited to litigation involving a prisoner's conviction, sentence
and conditions of confinement. Thus, Thomas suffered no cognizable injury.
A third case involving adequacy of the prison law library was deemed
frivolous. In the fourth case, a claim of deliberate indifference to a
serious medical need, the record established that Thomas had suffered no
actual injury. "Thus, Thomas failed to establish that the defendants denied
him access to courts," the appeals court held.
The district court's decision was affirmed. This case is published in the
Federal Appendix and is subject to rules governing unpublished cases. See:
Thomas v. Rochell, 47 Fed.Appx. 315 (6th Cir. 2002).
Circuit Court of Appeals held that a state prisoner incarcerated in a
private prison suffered no violation of his right to meaningful access to
courts.
Danny Ray Thomas is a Tennessee prisoner held in a private prison managed
by the Corrections Corporation of America (CCA). Thomas sued prison warden
Linda Rochell and CCA under 42 U.S.C. §1983. Thomas claimed that in four
separate cases he suffered actual injury due to Rochell's and CCA's actions
that resulted in denial of Thomas' access to courts. The district court
granted summary judgment to the defendants, and Thomas appealed.
The Sixth Circuit held that two cases about which Thomas complained of
denial of access to courts involved state tort and medical malpractice
claims. Under Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343 (1996), the right to access to
courts is limited to litigation involving a prisoner's conviction, sentence
and conditions of confinement. Thus, Thomas suffered no cognizable injury.
A third case involving adequacy of the prison law library was deemed
frivolous. In the fourth case, a claim of deliberate indifference to a
serious medical need, the record established that Thomas had suffered no
actual injury. "Thus, Thomas failed to establish that the defendants denied
him access to courts," the appeals court held.
The district court's decision was affirmed. This case is published in the
Federal Appendix and is subject to rules governing unpublished cases. See:
Thomas v. Rochell, 47 Fed.Appx. 315 (6th Cir. 2002).
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Related legal case
Thomas v. Rochell
| Year | 2002 |
|---|---|
| Cite | 47 Fed.Appx. 315 (6th Cir. 2002). |
| Level | Court of Appeals |
| Attorney Fees | 0 |
| Damages | 0 |
| Injunction Status | N/A |
DANNY RAY THOMAS, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. LINDA ROCHELL, Asst. Warden of CCA, SCCF; CORRECTIONS CORPORATION OF AMERICA, S.C.C.F., Defendants-Appellees.
No. 02-5189
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
47 Fed. Appx. 315; 2002 U.S. App.
September 18, 2002, Filed
NOTICE: [**1] NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION. SIXTH CIRCUIT RULE 28(g) LIMITS CITATION TO SPECIFIC SITUATIONS. PLEASE SEE RULE 28(g) BEFORE CITING IN A PROCEEDING IN A COURT IN THE SIXTH CIRCUIT. IF CITED, A COPY MUST BE SERVED ON OTHER PARTIES AND THE COURT. THIS NOTICE IS TO BE PROMINENTLY DISPLAYED IF THIS DECISION IS REPRODUCED.
PRIOR HISTORY: Middle District of Tennessee. 00-00132. Higgins. 01-17-02.
DISPOSITION: Affirmed.
COUNSEL: DANNY RAY THOMAS, Plaintiff-Appellant, Pro se, Clifton, TN.
For LINDA ROCHELL, CORRECTIONS CORPORATION OF AMERICA, S.C.C.F., Defendants-Appellees: Tom Anderson, Anderson Law Firm, Jackson, TN.
JUDGES: Before: GUY and BATCHELDER, Circuit Judges; QUIST, District Judge. *
* The Honorable Gordon J. Quist, United States District Judge for the Western District of Michigan, sitting by designation.
OPINION:
[*316] ORDER
Before: GUY and BATCHELDER, Circuit Judges; QUIST, District Judge. *
* The Honorable Gordon J. Quist, United States District Judge for the Western District of Michigan, sitting by designation.
[**2]
Danny Ray Thomas, a pro se Tennessee prisoner, appeals a district court order dismissing his civil rights complaint filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This case has been referred to a panel of the court pursuant to Rule 34(j)(1), Rules of the Sixth Circuit. Upon examination, this panel unanimously agrees that oral argument is not needed. Fed. R. App. P. 34(a).
Seeking monetary and injunctive relief, Thomas sued the assistant warden of the prison, Linda Rochell, and the owner of the prison, Corrections Corporation of America, contending that his First Amendment right of access to the courts had been violated. Upon de novo review of a magistrate's judge's report, the district court granted summary judgment to the defendants.
In his timely appeal, Thomas argues that he did suffer an actual injury and that the district court misapplied the law. He [*317] also continues to raise the same issues that he presented in the district court.
We review the district court's order de novo. See Kincaid v. Gibson, 236 F.3d 342, 346 (6th Cir. 2001).
Upon review of the undisputed facts, we conclude that the defendants were entitled to summary judgment as a matter [**3] of law. Inmates have a constitutionally protected right of access to the courts. See Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S. 817, 828, 52 L. Ed. 2d 72, 97 S. Ct. 1491 (1977). However, the right of access to the courts is not unrestricted and does not mean that an inmate must be afforded unlimited litigation resources. See Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 352-55, 135 L. Ed. 2d 606, 116 S. Ct. 2174 (1996). There is no generalized "right to litigate" which is protected by the First Amendment. Thaddeus-X v. Blatter, 175 F.3d 378, 391 (6th Cir. 1999). In Lewis, the Supreme Court held that an inmate claiming that he was denied access to the courts must show that he suffered an actual litigation related injury or legal prejudice because of the actions of the defendants. Lewis, 518 U.S. at 349-51; Pilgrim v. Littlefield, 92 F.3d 413, 416 (6th Cir. 1996). Thus, not every infringement or inconvenience suffered by the litigating prisoner implicates this constitutional right.
Further, not every actual legal injury or prejudice suffered by a prisoner triggers constitutional concerns. The Court noted in Lewis that the First [**4] Amendment only protects a prisoner's access to the courts as it relates to cases which attack his convictions and sentences and to cases which challenge the conditions of his confinement. Lewis, 518 U.S. at 355. The Supreme Court noted that the latter category of cases arose from Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 41 L. Ed. 2d 935, 94 S. Ct. 2963, 71 Ohio Op. 2d 336 (1974), which extended the right of access to the courts to civil rights actions brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Lewis, 518 U.S. at 354. In Thaddeus-X, this court noted that the right of access to the courts extends only to "direct appeals, habeas corpus applications, and civil rights claims." Thaddeus-X, 175 F.3d at 391.
Thomas has identified four cases which he contends were impacted by the defendants' actions: 1) a Tennessee Claims Commission case based on allegations of medical malpractice, Case No. 2000574; 2) a Davidson County (Tennessee) Circuit Court case based on allegations of medical malpractice, Case No. 00C-2532; 3) a case in the Middle District of Tennessee, Thomas v. Campbell, et al., No. 1:00-0116, concerning the adequacy of [**5] the prison library; and 4) a case in the Middle District of Tennessee, Thomas v. Webb, et al., 39 Fed. Appx. 255, No. 3:99-1175, based on allegations of the denial of adequate medical care.
The first two cases involve state tort claims and medical malpractice claims against two prison doctors and the State of Tennessee. A prisoner has no remedy under § 1983 to pursue tort claims against prison officials. Walker v. Norris, 917 F.2d 1449, 1454 (6th Cir. 1990). Under Lewis and Thaddeus-X, any alleged prejudice regarding these two cases will not support a claim that Thomas was denied his constitutional right of access to the courts. Thus, Thomas's two state actions do not establish an injury.
The third and fourth cases are § 1983 actions which involve Thomas's civil rights. Thus, they would appear to implicate First Amendment protection. However, the third lawsuit was dismissed by the district court prior to service of process under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). See Thomas v. Campbell, 12 Fed. Appx. 295, No. 00-6377, 2001 WL 7000839, at *1-2 (6th Cir. June 11, 2001). A frivolous lawsuit, even if it is a civil rights lawsuit, fails to satisfy [*318] the standards [**6] set forth in Lewis and Thaddeus-X. See Lewis, 518 U.S. at 353 n.3. Accordingly, this action cannot be found to support Thomas's First Amendment claims.
Thus, of the four cases identified by Thomas, only his civil rights lawsuit in Thomas v. Webb, 39 Fed. Appx. 255, No. 3:99-1175, triggers First Amendment protection. However, the evidence shows that Thomas suffered no prejudice or injury to this case because of the defendants' alleged actions.
In the Webb case, Thomas sought notary service and a copy of his trust fund account in conjunction with his application to proceed in forma pauperis. The application was granted by the district court in an order entered on October 30, 2000. Thus, Thomas suffered no actual prejudice or legal injury because of his inability to obtain notary service or a copy of his trust fund account. Thomas also did not show how the denial of his request for postage on October 4, 2000, caused him to suffer actual legal injury or prejudice. In his deposition, Thomas admitted that he had suffered no legal injury because of the denial of postage. As to his allegation about the denial of photocopies, Thomas was provided with copies of the material he wanted [**7] to file in the case and did mail the copies to the district court. Thomas did not provide any evidence that the delay in his obtaining copies of documents for the case caused him any prejudice or injury. Thus, Thomas failed to establish that the defendants denied him access to the courts.
Accordingly, we affirm the district court's order. Rule 34(j)(2)(C), Rules of the Sixth Circuit.
No. 02-5189
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
47 Fed. Appx. 315; 2002 U.S. App.
September 18, 2002, Filed
NOTICE: [**1] NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION. SIXTH CIRCUIT RULE 28(g) LIMITS CITATION TO SPECIFIC SITUATIONS. PLEASE SEE RULE 28(g) BEFORE CITING IN A PROCEEDING IN A COURT IN THE SIXTH CIRCUIT. IF CITED, A COPY MUST BE SERVED ON OTHER PARTIES AND THE COURT. THIS NOTICE IS TO BE PROMINENTLY DISPLAYED IF THIS DECISION IS REPRODUCED.
PRIOR HISTORY: Middle District of Tennessee. 00-00132. Higgins. 01-17-02.
DISPOSITION: Affirmed.
COUNSEL: DANNY RAY THOMAS, Plaintiff-Appellant, Pro se, Clifton, TN.
For LINDA ROCHELL, CORRECTIONS CORPORATION OF AMERICA, S.C.C.F., Defendants-Appellees: Tom Anderson, Anderson Law Firm, Jackson, TN.
JUDGES: Before: GUY and BATCHELDER, Circuit Judges; QUIST, District Judge. *
* The Honorable Gordon J. Quist, United States District Judge for the Western District of Michigan, sitting by designation.
OPINION:
[*316] ORDER
Before: GUY and BATCHELDER, Circuit Judges; QUIST, District Judge. *
* The Honorable Gordon J. Quist, United States District Judge for the Western District of Michigan, sitting by designation.
[**2]
Danny Ray Thomas, a pro se Tennessee prisoner, appeals a district court order dismissing his civil rights complaint filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. This case has been referred to a panel of the court pursuant to Rule 34(j)(1), Rules of the Sixth Circuit. Upon examination, this panel unanimously agrees that oral argument is not needed. Fed. R. App. P. 34(a).
Seeking monetary and injunctive relief, Thomas sued the assistant warden of the prison, Linda Rochell, and the owner of the prison, Corrections Corporation of America, contending that his First Amendment right of access to the courts had been violated. Upon de novo review of a magistrate's judge's report, the district court granted summary judgment to the defendants.
In his timely appeal, Thomas argues that he did suffer an actual injury and that the district court misapplied the law. He [*317] also continues to raise the same issues that he presented in the district court.
We review the district court's order de novo. See Kincaid v. Gibson, 236 F.3d 342, 346 (6th Cir. 2001).
Upon review of the undisputed facts, we conclude that the defendants were entitled to summary judgment as a matter [**3] of law. Inmates have a constitutionally protected right of access to the courts. See Bounds v. Smith, 430 U.S. 817, 828, 52 L. Ed. 2d 72, 97 S. Ct. 1491 (1977). However, the right of access to the courts is not unrestricted and does not mean that an inmate must be afforded unlimited litigation resources. See Lewis v. Casey, 518 U.S. 343, 352-55, 135 L. Ed. 2d 606, 116 S. Ct. 2174 (1996). There is no generalized "right to litigate" which is protected by the First Amendment. Thaddeus-X v. Blatter, 175 F.3d 378, 391 (6th Cir. 1999). In Lewis, the Supreme Court held that an inmate claiming that he was denied access to the courts must show that he suffered an actual litigation related injury or legal prejudice because of the actions of the defendants. Lewis, 518 U.S. at 349-51; Pilgrim v. Littlefield, 92 F.3d 413, 416 (6th Cir. 1996). Thus, not every infringement or inconvenience suffered by the litigating prisoner implicates this constitutional right.
Further, not every actual legal injury or prejudice suffered by a prisoner triggers constitutional concerns. The Court noted in Lewis that the First [**4] Amendment only protects a prisoner's access to the courts as it relates to cases which attack his convictions and sentences and to cases which challenge the conditions of his confinement. Lewis, 518 U.S. at 355. The Supreme Court noted that the latter category of cases arose from Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 41 L. Ed. 2d 935, 94 S. Ct. 2963, 71 Ohio Op. 2d 336 (1974), which extended the right of access to the courts to civil rights actions brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Lewis, 518 U.S. at 354. In Thaddeus-X, this court noted that the right of access to the courts extends only to "direct appeals, habeas corpus applications, and civil rights claims." Thaddeus-X, 175 F.3d at 391.
Thomas has identified four cases which he contends were impacted by the defendants' actions: 1) a Tennessee Claims Commission case based on allegations of medical malpractice, Case No. 2000574; 2) a Davidson County (Tennessee) Circuit Court case based on allegations of medical malpractice, Case No. 00C-2532; 3) a case in the Middle District of Tennessee, Thomas v. Campbell, et al., No. 1:00-0116, concerning the adequacy of [**5] the prison library; and 4) a case in the Middle District of Tennessee, Thomas v. Webb, et al., 39 Fed. Appx. 255, No. 3:99-1175, based on allegations of the denial of adequate medical care.
The first two cases involve state tort claims and medical malpractice claims against two prison doctors and the State of Tennessee. A prisoner has no remedy under § 1983 to pursue tort claims against prison officials. Walker v. Norris, 917 F.2d 1449, 1454 (6th Cir. 1990). Under Lewis and Thaddeus-X, any alleged prejudice regarding these two cases will not support a claim that Thomas was denied his constitutional right of access to the courts. Thus, Thomas's two state actions do not establish an injury.
The third and fourth cases are § 1983 actions which involve Thomas's civil rights. Thus, they would appear to implicate First Amendment protection. However, the third lawsuit was dismissed by the district court prior to service of process under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2). See Thomas v. Campbell, 12 Fed. Appx. 295, No. 00-6377, 2001 WL 7000839, at *1-2 (6th Cir. June 11, 2001). A frivolous lawsuit, even if it is a civil rights lawsuit, fails to satisfy [*318] the standards [**6] set forth in Lewis and Thaddeus-X. See Lewis, 518 U.S. at 353 n.3. Accordingly, this action cannot be found to support Thomas's First Amendment claims.
Thus, of the four cases identified by Thomas, only his civil rights lawsuit in Thomas v. Webb, 39 Fed. Appx. 255, No. 3:99-1175, triggers First Amendment protection. However, the evidence shows that Thomas suffered no prejudice or injury to this case because of the defendants' alleged actions.
In the Webb case, Thomas sought notary service and a copy of his trust fund account in conjunction with his application to proceed in forma pauperis. The application was granted by the district court in an order entered on October 30, 2000. Thus, Thomas suffered no actual prejudice or legal injury because of his inability to obtain notary service or a copy of his trust fund account. Thomas also did not show how the denial of his request for postage on October 4, 2000, caused him to suffer actual legal injury or prejudice. In his deposition, Thomas admitted that he had suffered no legal injury because of the denial of postage. As to his allegation about the denial of photocopies, Thomas was provided with copies of the material he wanted [**7] to file in the case and did mail the copies to the district court. Thomas did not provide any evidence that the delay in his obtaining copies of documents for the case caused him any prejudice or injury. Thus, Thomas failed to establish that the defendants denied him access to the courts.
Accordingly, we affirm the district court's order. Rule 34(j)(2)(C), Rules of the Sixth Circuit.