Jails in Indian Country 2000, DOJ BJS, 2001

• Aug. 3, 2016 • Locations: United States of America • Topics: Native American, Statistics/Trends, Conditions of Confinement, Jail Specific

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U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs

Bureau of Justice Statistics

Bulletin
July 2001, NCJ 188156

Jails in Indian Country, 2000
By Todd D. Minton
BJS Statistician
On June 30, 2000, a total of 69 jails,
confinement facilities, detention
centers, or other correctional facilities
were supervising 1,799 persons in
Indian country, an increase of 6% from
the previous year. At midyear 1999,
1,693 persons were under the supervision of jails in Indian country.
Indian country facilities held 1,775
inmates at midyear 2000, up from
1,621 at midyear 1999. Jail authorities
also supervised 24 offenders in alternative programs outside the jail
facilities.
The 69 facilities had a rated capacity
to hold 2,076 persons. On June 30,
2000, they were operating at 86% of
capacity, up from 78% at midyear
1999. On their peak day in June 2000,
the 69 jails were operating at 118%
capacity, up from 111% in 1999.
Seventeen jails reported plans to
increase capacity by 1,108 beds
before July 2003.
These data are based on the 2000
Survey of Jails in Indian Country
(SJIC). The survey includes all jails,
confinement facilities, detention
centers, and other correctional facilities
located in Indian country and operated
by tribal authorities or the Bureau of
Indian Affairs (BIA). The survey
gathers information on the number of
persons in custody, the number under
community supervision, offender
characteristics, and facility capacity.

Highlights
At midyear 2000 jails in Indian country supervised 1,799 persons
Number of
inmates, June 30
2000
1999
Total
In custody
Adult
Juveniles
Community supervision
Inmate movement,
June 1-30
Admissions
Discharges

1,799

1,693

1,775
1,498
277

1,621
1,354
267

7,151
7,201

8,147
7,744

• On June 30, 2000, Indian country
facilities held 1,498 adults and 277
juveniles. In the 12 months ending
June 30, 2000, the number of
inmates in custody increased 9.5%.
• In a 1-month period, June 2000,
facilities in Indian country admitted
7,151 inmates and discharged 7,201
inmates.

69 facilities were operating in Indian country, with the capacity to hold
2,076 persons on June 30, 2000

Rated capacity
Percent of
capacity*
June 30
Peak day in June

2000

1999

2,076

2,065

86%
118

78%
111

• On June 30, 2000, 69 jails in Indian
country were operating at 86% of
capacity. On their peak day in June
2000, jails were operating at 118%
of capacity, up from 111% in 1999.

*Number of inmates in custody divided by
rated capacity.

17 jail facilities operating in Indian country expect an increase
of 1,108 beds before July 2003
Planned changes,
2000-2003*
Add to existing facility
Build a new facility
Renovate facility
Close facility

Number
of facilities
4
12
11
3

Expected increase
in capacity
1,108 beds
*Five facilities reported more than one type
of change.

• From 2000 to 2003, 25 jails
planned to expand, renovate, or
close the existing facility, or to build
a new facility. Seventeen facilities
expected to increase capacity by
1,108 beds; 8 facilities expected
to build a new facility or renovate
or replace existing space without
adding beds.

Tribes retain jurisdiction over many
crimes by American Indians and
Alaska Natives in Indian country
Thirty-three States contain around 300
Indian land areas or reservations.
Generally, the local governing authority
on Indian lands is a tribal government
or council. Jurisdiction over crimes
in Indian country depends on several
factors, including the identity of the
victim and the offender, the severity
of the crime, and where the crime was
committed. (See box on this page.)
Tribal authority to sentence offenders
is limited to 1 year or less of imprisonment and a $5,000 fine (25 U.S.C.
1302(7)).
City or county jails held over 3 times as
many American Indians as jails in
Indian country. (American Indians in
this report includes Alaska Natives.)
At midyear 2000 local jails held an
estimated 5,500 American Indians,
some of whom may have been adjudicated by a tribal criminal justice system
and housed in jails under contract with
tribal governments. Overall, State,
Federal, local, and tribal authorities
were supervising 47,828 American
Indians. Most were under community
supervision (27,590).

Total

Number of American
Indians and Alaska
Natives 6/30/00
47,828

In custody
Local jails*
Jails in Indian country
State prisons
Federal prisons

20,238
5,500
1,775
11,085
1,878

Under community supervision
State/Federal, 12/99
Probation
Parole
Indian country

27,590
23,518
4,048
24

*Estimated from 2000 Annual Survey of Jails.

A total of 20,238 American Indians
were in custody at midyear 2000,
most of whom were held in State
prisons (11,085).
On April 1, 2000, 2,475,956 American
Indians and Alaska Natives lived in the
United States.1 American Indians
account for under 1% of the U.S.
resident population and around 1%
of those in custody of jails or prisons.
1
U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census of
Population and Housing.

2 Jails in Indian Country, 2000

Criminal jurisdiction in Indian country
Tribal jurisdiction
• Crimes committed by Indians in Indian
country. Sentences are limited to 1 year or
less and a $5,000 fine per offense.
25 U.S.C. 1302(7)
Federal jurisdiction
• 14 crimes under the Major Crimes Act of
1885. 18 U.S.C. 1153
State jurisdiction
• All crimes on tribal lands specified under
Public Law 280, 18 U.S.C. 1162
Note: Criminal jurisdiction in Indian country
depends on several factors, including the
identity of the defendant, victim, type of
offense, and where the crime was committed.

At midyear 2000 the rate of incarceration for American Indians was about
15% higher than the overall national
rate. Federal and State prison and jail
authorities held 818 American Indians
per 100,000 Indians, compared to 702
persons of all races per 100,000 U.S.
residents.2
On June 30, 2000, jails in Indian
country supervised 1,799 persons
Jails in Indian country held 1,775
inmates in custody and supervised an
additional 24 persons in the community
on June 30, 2000 (table 1). The
number of persons under supervision
was up 6% from the previous year,
when 1,621 inmates were in custody,
and 72 persons were under community
supervision.
Sixty-one percent of those held in jails
at midyear 2000 were convicted, down
from 75% in 1999. On June 30, 2000,
jails in Indian country held 1,072
convicted offenders and 689 inmates
who were unconvicted, or awaiting
adjudication. At midyear 1999, 1,200
inmates in custody were convicted,
and 409 unconvicted.
Juveniles accounted for nearly 16%
of inmates in custody
At midyear 2000, jails in Indian country
held 1,498 adults, 81% male and 19%
female. Juveniles (persons under age
18) accounted for almost 16% of the
total custody population. Threequarters of the juveniles were

male, and a quarter female. On June
30, 2000, 14 juveniles were being held
as adults, down from 20 on June 30,
1999 (not shown in a table).
90% of confined inmates held for
misdemeanors; 15% for DWI/DUI
Regardless of conviction status, 1,560
inmates (90% of inmates with a known
offense) were being held for a misdemeanor. Ninety-seven inmates were
being held for a felony, and 71 for
other reasons, including protective
custody, detoxification, involuntary
commitment order, uncontrollable
juvenile behavior, pick-up orders, and
pending charges.
On June 30, 2000, 15% of confined
inmates were being held for driving
while intoxicated or driving under the
influence of alcohol or drugs (274), and
7% for a drug law violation (133).
Fifteen percent of inmates in custody
of jails in Indian country were undergoing drug or alcohol detoxification (263)
(appendix table 5, page 12).
Table 1. Indian country jail inmate
characteristics, June 30, 1999
and 2000

Total

1,775
1,498
1,214
284
277
207
70

1,621
1,354
1,131
223
267
197
70

Convicted
Unconvicted

1,072
689

1,200
409

Felony
Misdemeanor
Other

97
1,560
71

/
/
/

DWI/DUI
Drug law violation

274
133

/
/

Under community
supervision

7,151
7,201

8,147
7,744

In custody
Adult
Males
Females
Juvenile
Males
Females

Inmate movements,
June 1-30
New admissions
Final discharges
/Not collected in 1999.

For additional information on American Indians
under correctional supervision outside Indian
country, see American Indians and Crime, BJS
report, February 1999, NCJ 173386.

Number of persons
2000
1999
1,799
1,693

From 1999 to 2000, admissions
declined 12%, and discharges, 7%
Compared to June 1999, admissions
and discharges were down during June
2000. In June 2000, facilities in Indian
country admitted 7,151 persons, a
decrease from 8,147 persons admitted
in June 1999. The number of inmates
discharged was also down, from 7,744
during June 1999 to 7,201 during June
2000.
Jail authorities reported two inmate
deaths during the 12-month period
ending June 30, 2000 (not shown in a
table). One inmate committed suicide,
and one died of unspecified causes.
During this time, 151 inmates
attempted suicide, up from 103
during the previous 12-month period
(not shown in a table).
On June 30, 2000, 24 persons under
community supervision, down from
72 the previous year
Among those under community supervision at midyear 2000, 18 persons
were required to perform community
service, 2 were on home detention, 3
were sentenced to day reporting, and 1
was under some other form of supervision (table 2). No person under
community supervision by Indian
country jails was monitored
electronically on June 30, 2000,
compared to 14 persons in 1999.
The 10 largest jails housed 45% of
inmates in Indian country
On June 30, 2000, the 10 largest jails
in Indian country housed 806 inmates
(table 3). Arizona had 8 of the 10
largest jails in Indian country.
Table 2. Persons under community
supervision, June 30, 1999 and 2000
Type of supervision
Total
Electronic monitoring
Home detention
Community service
Day reporting
Other

Number of persons
2000
1999
24
0
2
18
3
1

72
14
10
31
5
11

Combined, the 10 facilities had a rated
capacity of 625 inmates, or 30% of the
total rated capacity of all facilities in
Indian country. The Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation,
operating at 148% of its rated capacity,
held the largest number of inmates
(166). The Tohono O’odham Detention Center, operating at 344% of its
rated capacity, had the next largest
population (117).
Jails holding 24 or fewer inmates at
midyear 2000 comprised nearly 70% of
all Indian country facilities. Twenty-two
facilities, 2 of which had no inmates,
reported fewer than 10 inmates. Nine
facilities held 50 or more inmates and
accounted for 13% of all jails in Indian
country.

Number of
facilities
69

Facility size*
Total

Fewer than 10 inmates 22
10 to 24
24
25 to 49
14
50 or more
9

Percent of
all facilities
100%
32%
35
20
13

*Custody population on June 30, 2000.

Indian country jails operated at
118% of capacity on peak day in
June 2000, up from 111% in 1999
Combined, the 69 facilities had a rated
capacity to confine 2,076 persons on
June 30, 2000. Rated capacity is the
maximum number of beds or inmates
allocated by rating officials to each jail
facility.

Table 3. Ten largest jails in Indian country, June 30, 2000
Custody Rated
Percent of
population capacity capacity

Jail facility
Total

806

625

129%

Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (AZ)
Tohono O'odham Detention Center (AZ)
Hopi Rehabilitation Center (AZ)
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tuba City (AZ)
Warm Springs Detention Center (OR)

166
117
87
87
67

112
34
86
33
48

148%
344
101
264
140

White Mountain Apache Police Department (AZ)
Gila River Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center (AZ)
Pine Ridge Correctional Facility (SD)
Salt River Department of Corrections (AZ)
San Carlos Jail (AZ)

65
61
55
52
49

46
100
22
84
60

141%
61
250
62
82

Table 4. Jails in Indian country operating above 150% of capacity
on peak day in June 2000
Peak
population Rated
Percent of
in June
capacity capacity

Facilities operating above capacity
Total, 16 facilities
Pine Ridge Correctional Facility (SD)
Tohono O'odham Detention Center (AZ)
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tuba City (AZ)
Fort Berthold Agency (ND)
Navajo Department of Corrections-Kayenta (AZ)
Medicine Root Detention Center (SD)
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services (MN)
Navajo Department of Corrections-Crownpoint (NM)
Fort Peck Police Department (MT)
Omaha Tribal Police Department (NE)
Jicarilla Police Department (NM)
Crow Police Department (MT)
Fort Belknap Police Department (MT)
White Mountain Apache Police Department (AZ)
Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (AZ)
Blackfeet Police Department (MT)

951

443

215%

86
125
105
22
22

22
34
33
9
10

391%
368
318
244
220

52
46
29
44
18

24
22
14
22
9

217%
209
207
200
200

37
27
15
80
174
69

19
14
8
46
112
45

195%
193
188
174
155
153

Jails in Indian Country, 2000 3

On June 30, 2000, jails in Indian
country were operating at 86% of
capacity, up from 78% of capacity in
1999. On their peak day in June 2000,
jails were holding 2,441 inmates in
custody, up from 2,289 on their peak
day in June 1999.
Rated capacity
Percent of capacity
On June 30
Peak day in June

2000

1999

2,076

2,065

86%
118

78%
111

Thirty facilities were operating above
100% of capacity in 2000. (See Appendix table 2, page 6.) In June 1999 over
half of the facilities were operating
above 100% of capacity.
Sixteen jails in Indian country were
operating above 150% of capacity on
their peak day in June 2000 (table 4).
These 16 were in 7 States: Arizona (5
facilities), Montana (4), New Mexico
(2), South Dakota (2), and North
Dakota, Nebraska, and Minnesota (1).
On its peak day in June 2000, the Pine
Ridge Correctional Facility in South
Dakota operated at 391% of capacity,
with 86 inmates in custody and a rated
capacity of 22. Two other facilities
reported operating at over 300%:
Tohono O’odham Detention Center
(368%) and the Navajo Department
of Corrections-Tuba City (318%).
Medium-sized facilities reported
the highest occupancy rates on
their peak day in June 2000
Facilities with a rated capacity of 10
to 49 beds reported the highest
occupancy rates on their peak day in
June 2000. On the jails’ most crowded
day in June, occupancy was about
128% of rated capacity. Occupancy
was 119% of capacity in jails rated to
hold fewer than 10 inmates, compared
to 98% in those rated to hold 50 or
more inmates.
Capacity of facility

Percent of capacity
occupied on peak
day in June 2000

Total

118%

Fewer than 10 inmates
10 to 24
25 to 49
50 or more

119
129
127
98

4 Jails in Indian Country, 2000

11 jail facilities in Indian country
under a court order or consent
decree on June 30, 2000
At midyear 2000, 11 facilities were
under a court order or consent decree
to limit the number of inmates they
could house (table 5). Five of those
facilities were under multiple court
orders or consent decrees, including
to detain persons in a humane condition, to hold inmates for 48 hours only,
and to reduce overcrowding.
Seventeen jails expected to increase
capacity by 1,108 beds before
July 2003. Four jails planned to
expand the existing facility, 12 had
definite plans to build a new facility,

11 planned to renovate, and 3 planned
to close and build a new facility.
Table 5. Court orders, consent
decrees, and planned changes for
jails in Indian country, June 30, 2000
Number
of facilities
69

Total
Under court order/
consent decree

Planned changes 2000-2003*
Add to existing facility
Build a new facility
Renovate facility
Close facility

4
12
11
3

Expected capacity increase 1,108 beds
*Facilities could report more than one type
of change.

Appendix table 1. Tribal affiliation of jails in Indian country, by State, 2000
State and facility

Tribal affiliation

Alaska
Metlakatla Police Department

Metlakatla Indian Community

Arizona
Colorado River Indian Tribes Detention Center
Fort Mohave Tribal Police Department
Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Gila River Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center
Hopi Rehabilitation Center
Navajo Department of Corrections-Chinle
Navajo Department of Corrections-Kayenta
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tuba City
Navajo Department of Corrections-Window Rock
Pascua Yaqui Law Enforcement Center
Peach Springs Detention Center

San Carlos Jail
Supai Jail
Tohono O'odham Detention Center
Tohono O'odham Judiciary Juvenile Detention Center
Western Navajo Juvenile Services
White Mountain Apache Police Department

Colorado River Indian Tribes
Fort Mohave Indian Tribe
Gila River Indian Community
Gila River Indian Community
Hopi Tribe
Navajo Nation
Navajo Nation
Navajo Nation
Navajo Nation
Pascua Yaqui Tribe
Hualapai, Havasupai, Prescott
Apache, and Tonto Apache
Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian
Community
San Carlos Apache Tribe
Supai Tribe
Tohono O'odham Nation
Tohono O'odham Nation
Navajo Nation
White Mountain Apache Tribe

Colorado
Southern Ute Detention Center
Ute Mountain Ute Agency

Southern Ute Tribe
Ute Mountain Ute Tribe

Idaho
Fort Hall Police Department

Shoshone-Bannock Tribe

Minnesota
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services

Red Lake Chippewa Tribe

Mississippi
Choctaw Police Department

Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians

Salt River Department of Corrections

Appendix table 1. Continued
State and facility

Tribal affiliation

Montana
Blackfeet Police Department
Crow Police Department
Flathead Tribal Police Department
Fort Belknap Police Department
Fort Peck Indian Youth Services Center
Fort Peck Police Department
Northern Cheyenne Police Department
Rocky Boy Police Department
White Buffalo Youth Detention Center

Blackfeet Tribe
Crow Tribe
Confederated Tribes of Salish and Kootenai
Gros Ventre and Assiniboine Tribe
Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes
Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes
Northern Cheyenne Tribe
Chippewa-Cree Tribe
Blackfeet Tribe

Nebraska
Omaha Tribal Police Department

Omaha Tribal Police Department

Nevada
Owyhee Detention Facility

Shoshone-Paiute Tribes

New Mexico
Jicarilla Police Department
Laguna Tribal Detention Facility
Mescalero Adult Detention Center
Navajo Department of Corrections-Crownpoint
Navajo Department of Corrections-Shiprock
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tohatchi Juvenile Center
Ramah Public Safety Center
Taos Tribal Detention Center
Zuni Police Department

Jicarilla Apache Tribe
Laguna Pueblo
Mescalero Apache Tribe
Navajo Nation
Navajo Nation
Navajo Nation
Ramah Navajo
Taos Pueblo
Zuni Pueblo

North Dakota
Fort Berthold Agency
Fort Totten Municipal Center
Standing Rock Law Enforcement Center
Turtle Mountain Law Enforcement Center

Three Affiliated Tribes of Fort Berthold Reservation
Spirit Lake Sioux Tribe
Standing Rock Sioux Tribe
Turtle Mountain Chippewa Tribe

Oklahoma
Sac and Fox Nation Juvenile Detention Facility

Sac and Fox Nation

Oregon
Chemawa Indian School
Warm Springs Detention Center

BIA Law Enforcement Services
Warm Springs Confederated Tribes

South Dakota
Fort Thompson Jail
Klyuska O'Tipi Reintegration Center
Lower Brule Law Enforcement Services Center
Medicine Root Detention Center
Pine Ridge Correctional Facility
Rosebud Sioux Tribe Law Enforcement
Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribal Law Enforcement Center
Walter Miner Law Enforcement Center-Juvenile
Walter Miner Law Enforcement Facility-Adult

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe
Oglala Sioux Tribe
Lower Brule Sioux Tribe
Oglala Sioux Tribe
Oglala Sioux Tribe
Rosebud Sioux Tribe
Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe
Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe
Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe

Utah
Uintah-Ouray Detention Center

Northern Ute Tribe

Washington
Chehalis Tribal Police Department
Makah Police Department
Puyallup Tribal Detention Facility
Quinault Police Department
Wellpinit BIA Law Enforcement Center
Yakama Police Department

Chehalis Indian Tribe
Makah Indian Tribe
Puyallup Tribe
Quinault Tribe
Spokane Tribe
Confederated Tribes of Yakama Nation

Wisconsin
Menominee Tribal Jail

Menominee Indian Tribe

Wyoming
Wind River Police Department

Shoshone and Arapahoe Tribe

Note: The Gila River West End Holding Facility and the Sacaton Adult Detention Center were reported as one facility,
the Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. The Chemawa Indian School is closed each year from
May to September. The Chehalis Tribal Police Department was temporarily closed on June 30, 2000.

Jails in Indian Country, 2000 5

Appendix table 2. Inmates, rated capacity, and percent of capacity occupied in jails
in Indian country, June 2000

State and facility
Total

Inmates in
custodya

Peak
population
in Juneb

Rated
capacityc

Population
on June 30
as a percent
of capacityd

Peak population
in June
as a percent
of capacity

1,775

2,441

2,076

86%

118%

13%

63%

19
2
166
61
87
18
6
87
47
1
47
52
49
2
117
13
30
65

36
4
174
78
99
53
22
105
59
6
51
67
64
5
125
17
35
80

36
4
112
100
86
39
10
33
51
6
40
84
60
10
34
21
36
46

53%
50
148
61
101
46
60
264
92
17
118
62
82
20
344
62
83
141

100%
100
155
78
115
136
220
318
116
100
128
80
107
50
368
81
97
174

Colorado
Southern Ute Detention Center
Ute Mountain Ute Agency

39
7

55
14

48
14

81%
50

115%
100

Idaho
Fort Hall Police Department

124%

Minnesota
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services

91%

209%

Mississippi
Choctaw Police Department

81%

94%

34
9
19
4
11
17
19
5
11

69
27
20
15
22
44
19
10
22

45
14
20
8
21
22
19
20
24

76%
64
95
50
52
77
100
25
46

153%
193
100
188
105
200
100
50
92

Nebraska
Omaha Tribal Police Department

167%

200%

Nevada
Owyhee Detention Facility

75%

83%

Alaska
Metlakatla Police Department
Arizona
Colorado River Indian Tribes Detention Center
Fort Mohave Tribal Police Department
Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Gila River Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center
Hopi Rehabilitation Center
Navajo Department of Corrections-Chinle
Navajo Department of Corrections-Kayenta
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tuba City
Navajo Department of Corrections-Window Rocke
Pascua Yaqui Law Enforcement Center
Peach Springs Detention Center
Salt River Department of Corrections
San Carlos Jail
Supai Jail
Tohono O'odham Detention Center
Tohono O'odham Judiciary Juvenile Detention Center
Western Navajo Juvenile Services
White Mountain Apache Police Department

6 Jails in Indian Country, 2000

Appendix table 2. Continued

State and facility

Inmates in
custodya

Peak
population
in Juneb

Rated
capacityc

Population
on June 30
as a percent
of capacityd

Peak population
in June
as a percent
of capacity

13
43
23
22
40
9
10
3
27

37
50
33
29
40
9
11
7
31

19
55
24
14
32
14
11
8
34

68%
78
96
157
125
64
91
38
79

195%
91
138
207
125
64
100
88
91

North Dakota
Fort Berthold Agency
Fort Totten Municipal Center
Standing Rock Law Enforcement Center
Turtle Mountain Law Enforcement Center

22
4
15
24

22
4
34
31

9
/
40
30

244%
/
38
80

244%
/
85
103

Oklahoma
Sac and Fox Nation Juvenile Detention Facility

21%

Oregon
Chemawa Indian School
Warm Springs Detention Center

0
67

0
68

8
48

0%
140

0%
142

7
11
1
41
55
31
10
6
35

9
11
27
52
86
59
16
15
65

14
32
30
24
22
65
22
10
45

50%
34
3
171
250
48
45
60
78

64%
34
90
217
391
91
73
150
144

36%

Washington
Chehalis Tribal Police Department
Makah Police Department
Puyallup Tribal Detention Facility
Quinault Police Department
Wellpinit BIA Law Enforcement Center
Yakama Police Department

0
6
8
2
6
22

0
7
8
4
10
41

8
16
32
13
10
45

0%
38
25
15
60
49

0%
44
25
31
100
91

Wisconsin
Menominee Tribal Jail

44%

78%

Utah
Uintah-Ouray Detention Center

Wyoming
Wind River Police Department
15
21
26
58%
81%
/Not reported.
a
Adults and juveniles confined in jail facilities.
b
Peak population is any day in the month of June in which the custody population of a facility was greatest.
c
Rated capacity is the maximum number of beds or inmates assigned by a rating official to a facility. Excludes temporary holding areas.
d
Population as a percent of capacity is calculated by dividing the population count of a facility by its rated capacity and multiplying by 100.
e
Data for the Navajo Department of Corrections in Window Rock, AZ, are from June 30, 1999.

Jails in Indian Country, 2000 7

Appendix table 3. Adults and juveniles in the custody of jails in Indian country,
by gender, June 30, 2000

Total

Number of inmates in custody
Adults
Juveniles (under age 18)
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female

1,498

1,214

284

277

207

17
2
165
0
84
18
6
87
47
1
40
37
49
2
117
0
0
58

10
2
130
0
70
16
5
72
45
1
34
26
35
2
95
0
0
45

7
0
35
0
14
2
1
15
2
0
6
11
14
0
22
0
0
13

2
0
1
61
3
0
0
0
0
0
7
15
0
0
0
13
30
7

2
0
1
49
3
0
0
0
0
0
5
12
0
0
0
13
24
2

0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
6
5

Colorado
Southern Ute Detention Center
Ute Mountain Ute Agency

39
7

30
7

9
0

0
0

Idaho
Fort Hall Police Department

Mississippi
Choctaw Police Department

34
6
19
3
0
17
19
4
0

31
5
15
3
0
15
12
3
0

3
1
4
0
0
2
7
1
0

0
3
0
1
11
0
0
1
11

0
3
0
1
9
0
0
1
4

0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
7

Nebraska
Omaha Tribal Police Department

Nevada
Owyhee Detention Facility

State and facility
Total
Alaska
Metlakatla Police Department
Arizona
Colorado River Indian Tribes Detention Center
Fort Mohave Tribal Police Department
Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Gila River Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center
Hopi Rehabilitation Center
Navajo Department of Corrections-Chinle
Navajo Department of Corrections-Kayenta
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tuba City
Navajo Department of Corrections-Window Rock*
Pascua Yaqui Law Enforcement Center
Peach Springs Detention Center
Salt River Department of Corrections
San Carlos Jail
Supai Jail
Tohono O'odham Detention Center
Tohono O'odham Judiciary Juvenile Detention Center
Western Navajo Juvenile Services
White Mountain Apache Police Department

Minnesota
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services

8 Jails in Indian Country, 2000

Appendix table 3. Continued

State and facility

Total

Number of Inmates in custody
Adults
Juveniles (under age 18)
Male Female
Total
Male Female

13
42
23
22
40
0
10
3
19

13
41
20
17
31
0
8
3
15

0
1
3
5
9
0
2
0
4

0
1
0
0
0
9
0
0
8

0
1
0
0
0
7
0
0
7

0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1

North Dakota
Fort Berthold Agency
Fort Totten Municipal Center
Standing Rock Law Enforcement Center
Turtle Mountain Law Enforcement Center

20
4
10
22

20
4
7
20

0
0
3
2

2
0
5
2

0
0
0
0

Oregon
Chemawa Indian School
Warm Springs Detention Center

0
55

0
40

0
15

0
12

0
9

0
3

7
2
1
41
55
25
10
0
35

2
2
1
28
44
16
7
0
28

5
0
0
13
11
9
3
0
7

0
9
0
0
0
6
0
6
0

0
5
0
0
0
4
0
3
0

0
4
0
0
0
2
0
3
0

Washington
Chehalis Tribal Police Department
Makah Police Department
Puyallup Tribal Detention Facility
Quinault Police Department
Wellpinit BIA Law Enforcement Center
Yakama Police Department

0
4
8
0
6
17

0
4
8
0
4
15

0
0
0
0
2
2

0
2
0
2
0
5

0
1
0
2
0
1

0
1
0
0
0
4

Wisconsin
Menominee Tribal Jail

Wyoming
Wind River Police Department
13
11
2
2
*Data for the Navajo Department of Corrections in Window Rock, AZ, are from June 30, 1999.

Oklahoma
Sac and Fox Nation Juvenile Detention Facility

Utah
Uintah-Ouray Detention Center

Jails in Indian Country, 2000 9

Appendix table 4. Inmates in jails in Indian country, by conviction status and seriousness
of the offense, June 30, 2000

State and facility
Total

Number of inmates in custody
Seriousness of offense
Conviction status
Convicteda Unconvicted
Felony Misdemeanor Otherb
1,072

689

1,560

5
0
136
61
82
0
0
21
23
0
22
20
39
2
70
8
25
55

14
2
30
0
5
18
6
66
24
1
25
32
10
0
47
5
5
10

0
0
1
36
0
0
0
0
/
0
0
0
4
0
0
13
0
0

18
2
165
25
87
18
6
87
/
1
47
52
45
2
117
0
30
65

1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
/
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Colorado
Southern Ute Detention Center
Ute Mountain Ute Agency

32
3

7
4

0
0

36
7

3
0

Idaho
Fort Hall Police Department

Minnesota
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services

Mississippi
Choctaw Police Department

19
9
7
4
7
17
7
3
10

15
0
12
0
4
0
12
2
1

1
0
0
0
8
3
0
0
0

33
9
19
4
3
14
19
5
11

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Alaska
Metlakatla Police Department
Arizona
Colorado River Indian Tribes Detention Center
Fort Mohave Tribal Police Department
Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Gila River Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center
Hopi Rehabilitation Center
Navajo Department of Corrections-Chinle
Navajo Department of Corrections-Kayenta
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tuba City
Navajo Department of Corrections-Window Rockc
Pascua Yaqui Law Enforcement Center
Peach Springs Detention Center
Salt River Department of Corrections
San Carlos Jail
Supai Jail
Tohono O'odham Detention Center
Tohono O'odham Judiciary Juvenile Detention Center
Western Navajo Juvenile Services
White Mountain Apache Police Department

Nebraska
Omaha Tribal Police Department
Nevada
Owyhee Detention Facility

10 Jails in Indian Country, 2000

Appendix table 4. Continued

State and facility

Number of inmates in custody
Seriousness of offense
Conviction status
Convicteda Unconvicted
Felony Misdemeanor Otherb

13
30
22
15
21
0
1
3
20

0
13
1
7
19
9
9
0
7

1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0

12
43
20
22
40
9
10
3
27

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

North Dakota
Fort Berthold Agency
Fort Totten Municipal Center
Standing Rock Law Enforcement Center
Turtle Mountain Law Enforcement Center

18
0
8
21

4
4
7
3

0
0
0
1

22
0
2
21

0
4
13
2

Oregon
Chemawa Indian School
Warm Springs Detention Center

0
48

0
19

0
0

0
52

0
15

4
4
0
0
0
27
7
0
1

3
7
1
41
55
4
3
6
34

0
4
0
0
0
2
0
1
1

7
6
1
41
55
29
10
5
4

0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
30

Washington
Chehalis Tribal Police Department
Makah Police Department
Puyallup Tribal Detention Facility
Quinault Police Department
Wellpinit BIA Law Enforcement Center
Yakama Police Department

0
6
6
2
2
22

0
0
2
0
4
0

0
3
0
0
0
0

0
3
8
2
6
22

0
0
0
0
0
0

Wisconsin
Menominee Tribal Jail

Oklahoma
Sac and Fox Nation Juvenile Detention Facility

Utah
Uintah-Ouray Detention Center

Wyoming
Wind River Police Department
5
10
/Not reported.
a
Includes probation and parole violators with no new sentence.
b
Other includes protective custody, detoxification, involuntary commitment order, uncontrollable
juvenile behavior, pick up orders, and pending charges.
c
Data for the Navajo Department of Corrections in Window Rock, AZ, are from June 30, 1999.

Jails in Indian Country, 2000 11

Appendix table 5. Inmates in jails in Indian country with a DWI/DUI offense or a drug
violation or in detoxification, June 30, 2000

State and facility
Total

Inmates in
custody
DWI/DUIa

Inmates in custody
Number
Percent
Drug
Drug
In detoxioffense ficationb
DWI/DUIa offense

In detoxificationb

1,775

274

133

263

15%

100%

19
2
166
61
87
18
6
87
47
1
47
52
49
2
117
13
30
65

1
2
4
23
0
3
1
13
/
0
12
20
13
0
/
13
17
5

0
0
1
6
0
0
0
56
/
0
10
20
2
0
/
0
2
1

...
...
...
0
2
...
...
45
0
...
...
...
6
...
...
5
3
...

5%
100
2
38
0
17
17
15
/
0
26
38
27
0
/
100
57
8

0%
0
1
10
0
0
0
64
/
0
21
38
4
0
/
0
7
2

...
...
...
0
2
...
...
52
0
...
...
...
12
...
...
38
10
...

Colorado
Southern Ute Detention Center
Ute Mountain Ute Agency

39
7

24
2

6
0

...
5

62%
29

15%
0

...
71

Idaho
Fort Hall Police Department

61%

16%

Minnesota
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services

15%

Mississippi
Choctaw Police Department

27%

34
9
19
4
11
17
19
5
11

1
0
3
0
9
1
2
0
0

2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0

...
...
...
4
...
...
10
...
0

3%
0
16
0
82
6
11
0
0

6%
0
0
0
18
0
0
0
0

Nebraska
Omaha Tribal Police Department

60%

Nevada
Owyhee Detention Facility

...

11%

...

Alaska
Metlakatla Police Department
Arizona
Colorado River Indian Tribes Detention Center
Fort Mohave Tribal Police Department
Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Gila River Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center
Hopi Rehabilitation Center
Navajo Department of Corrections-Chinle
Navajo Department of Corrections-Kayenta
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tuba City
Navajo Department of Corrections-Window Rockc
Pascua Yaqui Law Enforcement Center
Peach Springs Detention Center
Salt River Department of Corrections
San Carlos Jail
Supai Jail
Tohono O'odham Detention Center
Tohono O'odham Judiciary Juvenile Detention Center
Western Navajo Juvenile Services
White Mountain Apache Police Department

12 Jails in Indian Country, 2000

...
...
...
100
...
...
53
...
0

Appendix table 5. Continued
Inmates in custody

State and facility

Inmates
in custody DWI/DUIa

Number
Drug
offense

In detoxificationb

DWI/DUIa

Percent
Drug
offense

In detoxificationb

13
43
23
22
40
9
10
3
27

3
14
4
2
6
0
1
0
3

0
2
0
0
1
2
0
0
0

...
1
...
7
...
...
...
...
2

23%
33
17
9
15
0
10
0
11

0%
5
0
0
3
22
0
0
0

...
2
...
32
...
...
...
...
7

North Dakota
Fort Berthold Agency
Fort Totten Municipal Center
Standing Rock Law Enforcement Center
Turtle Mountain Law Enforcement Center

22
4
15
24

5
0
2
1

1
0
0
0

13
4
10
3

23%
0
13
4

5%
0
0
0

59%
100
67
13

Oklahoma
Sac and Fox Nation Juvenile Detention Facility

...

14%

...

Oregon
Chemawa Indian School
Warm Springs Detention Center

0
67

0
5

0
8

0
15

0%
7

0%
12

0%
22

7
11
1
41
55
31
10
6
35

1
0
0
2
4
4
6
0
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

...
5
0
38
49
4
2
2
2

14%
0
0
5
7
13
60
0
3

0%
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

...
45
0
93
89
13
20
33
6

13%

Washington
Chehalis Tribal Police Department
Makah Police Department
Puyallup Tribal Detention Facility
Quinault Police Department
Wellpinit BIA Law Enforcement Center
Yakama Police Department

0
6
8
2
6
22

0
1
5
0
3
0

0
1
1
2
3
0

...
...
0
...
...
2

0%
17
63
0
50
0

0%
17
13
100
50
0

...
...
0
...
...
9

Wisconsin
Menominee Tribal Jail

...

15%

...

20%

...

Utah
Uintah-Ouray Detention Center

Wyoming
Wind River Police Department
15
3
0
...Not applicable, facility does not detoxify confined persons from drugs or alcohol.
/Not reported.
a
Includes driving while intoxicated and driving while under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
b
Includes inmates in detoxification for drugs or alcohol.
c
Data for the Navajo Department of Corrections in Window Rock, AZ, are from June 30, 1999.

Jails in Indian Country, 2000 13

Appendix table 6. Planned changes to jails in Indian country and change
in capacity, June 30, 2000

State and facility
Total
Arizona
Fort Mohave Tribal Police Department
Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Hopi Rehabilitation Center
Salt River Department of Corrections
San Carlos Jail
Tohono O'odham Detention Center
White Mountain Apache Police Department

Rated
capacity*

Definite plans for facility
changes in the next 3 years
Add to
Build
Renovate
existing
a new
Close this existing
facility
facility
facility
space

878

4
112
86
84
60
34
46

1,108

x
x
x
x
x
x

Colorado
Ute Mountain Ute Agency

Minnesota
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services

Montana
Blackfeet Police Department
Crow Police Department
Fort Peck Indian Youth Services Center
Northern Cheyenne Police Department
Rocky Boy Police Department
White Buffalo Youth Detention Center

45
14
21
19
20
24

New Mexico
Mescalero Adult Detention Center
Navajo Department of Corrections-Crownpoint
Taos Tribal Detention Center
Zuni Police Department

24
14
8
34

North Dakota
Standing Rock Law Enforcement Center

South Dakota
Lower Brule Law Enforcement Services Center
Medicine Root Detention Center
Pine Ridge Correctional Facility

30
24
22

x
x
x

0
20
12
19
0
0

x
x
x

10
0
12
0

x
x
x

8
104
0
150
58
25
0

x
x
x

Washington
Puyallup Tribal Detention Facility
32
x
Yakama Police Department
45
x
Note: Data are reported on all plans that have received final administrative approval,
even though the necessary funds may not have been authorized.
*Rated capacity is the maximum number of beds or inmates assigned by a rating
official to a facility. Excludes temporary holding areas.

14 Jails in Indian Country, 2000

Change
in capacity
due to facility
renovations

55
250
235

2
20

Appendix table 7. Jails in Indian country under court order or consent decree
to limit population or for other reasons, June 30, 2000

State and facility
Total

Tribal, State, or Federal court order or consent decree
Maximum
capacity set by
Other conditions
consent decree
specified
350

Arizona
Hopi Rehabilitation Center
Navajo Department of Corrections-Chinle
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tuba City
Pascua Yaqui Law Enforcement Center

86
28
33
4

Idaho
Fort Hall Police Department

Montana
Fort Peck Indian Youth Services Center

New Mexico
Navajo Department of Corrections-Crownpoint
Navajo Department of Corrections-Shiprock

37
32

Oregon
Warm Springs Detention Center

South Dakota
Medicine Root Detention Center

Wyoming
Wind River Police Department

Methodology
“Indian country” is a statutory term that
includes the following: all lands within
an Indian reservation; dependent
Indian communities; and Indian trust
allotments (18 U.S.C. 1151). Courts
interpret ' 1151 to include all lands held
in trust for tribes or their members.
See United States v. Roberts. 185 F.3d
1125 (10th Cir. 1999). Tribal authority
to imprison Indian offenders is limited
to 1 year per offense by statute (25
U.S.C. 1302).
Tribal law enforcement agencies act as
first responders to both felony and
misdemeanor crimes. For most of
Indian country, the Federal Government provides felony law enforcement
concerning crimes by or against
Indians. Certain areas of Indian
country are under Public Law 83-280,
as amended. P.L. 280 conferred jurisdiction on certain States over “Indian
country” and suspended enforcement
of the Major Crimes Act (18 U.S.C.
1153) and the General Crimes Act (18
U.S.C. 1152) in those areas. Indian

To detain in a humane condition
48-hour holding only

To detain in a humane condition
To detain in a humane condition

Overcrowding

tribes retain concurrent jurisdiction to
enforce laws in Indian country where
P.L. 280 applies.
BJS conducted the Survey of Jails in
Indian Country (SJIC) to describe all
adult and juvenile jail facilities and
detention centers in Indian country.
For purposes of this report, Indian
country includes reservations, pueblos,
rancherias, and other appropriate
areas (18 U.S.C. 1151). The reference date for the survey was June 30,
2000.
The SJIC was initiated in 1998 as a
component of the Annual Survey of
Jails (ASJ). The ASJ is conducted in
each of the 4 to 5 years between the
Census of Jails. The 2000 ASJ
consisted of a sample survey of 833
local jail jurisdictions, a survey of the
Nation’s 44 multi-jurisdictional facilities,
and a survey of the 69 facilities in
Indian country. (For sampling information, see Prison and Jails Inmates at
Midyear 2000, BJS Bulletin, March
2001, NCJ 185989.)

In 1998 the Office of Law Enforcement
Services, Bureau of Indian Affairs
(BIA), U.S. Department of the Interior,
provided a complete list of 74 Indian
country jail facilities. Since 1998, 2
facilities were abandoned, 2 were
closed, and 2 were combined into 1
facility, resulting in 69 surveyed facilities. The facilities are in 18 States
and are affiliated with 54 Indian tribes.
Each facility is defined as a confinement facility, which can include detention centers, jails, and other
correctional facilities, operated by tribal
authorities or the BIA. Special jail
facilities such as medical, treatment,
or release centers; halfway houses;
and work farms are also included.
Data were obtained by mailed
questionnaires. Through follow-up
phone calls and facsimiles, 68 of 69
facilities responded. Data for the
Navajo Department of Corrections
in Window Rock, Arizona, are from
June 30, 1999.

Jails in Indian Country, 2000 15

The Bureau of Justice Statistics
is the statistical agency of the
U.S. Department of Justice.
Lawrence A. Greenfeld is
acting director.
BJS Bulletins present the first release
of findings from permanent data
collection programs.
Todd D. Minton collected and
processed the data and wrote this
report under the supervision of Allen
J. Beck. Officials of the Bureau of
Indian Affairs, Office of Law Enforcement Services William McClure,
Detention Program Manager,

U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Statistics
Washington, DC 20531

Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300

Ed Naranjo, District V Commander,
and Walter E. Lamar, Acting Director
assisted in obtaining cooperation
from facility administrators. Norena
Henry, Director, American Indian and
Alaska Native Desk, Office of Justice
Programs, and Debra Gee, Deputy
Director, Office of Tribal Justice, U.S.
Department of Justice, reviewed the
report. Laura M. Maruschak provided
statistical review and verification.
Tom Hester edited the report, and
Jayne Robinson provided the final
production.

This report in portable document
format and in ASCII, its tables,
survey questionnaire, and related
statistical data are available at the
BJS World Wide Web Internet site:
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/

July 2001, NCJ 188156

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