Jails in Indian Country 2001, DOJ BJS, 2002

• Nov. 28, 2016 • Locations: United States of America • Topics: Statistics/Trends, Conditions of Confinement, Jail Specific

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U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs

Bureau of Justice Statistics

Bulletin
May 2002, NCJ 193400

Jails in Indian Country, 2001
By Todd D. Minton
BJS Statistician
On June 29, 2001, a total of 68 jails,
confinement facilities, detention centers,
or other correctional facilities were supervising 2,030 persons in Indian country,
an increase of 10% from the previous
year. At midyear 2000, 1,853 persons
were under the supervision of jails in
Indian country.
Indian country facilities held in custody
1,912 inmates at midyear 2001, up from
1,775 at midyear 2000. Jail authorities
also supervised 118 offenders under
community supervision programs. New
admissions to jail increased from 7,151
in June 2000 to 9,697 in June 2001,
a 36% increase.
The 68 facilities had a rated capacity to
hold 2,101 persons, up 1% since 2000.
On June 29, 2001, the jails were operating
at 91% of capacity, up from 86% at
midyear 2000. On their peak day in June
2001, the 68 jails were operating at 126%
of capacity, up from 118% in 2000. The
number of inmates in custody on the peak
day in June has increased 15% since
1998. Sixteen jails indicated plans that will
increase capacity by 623 beds when all
changes have been completed.
These data are based on the 2001 Survey
of Jails in Indian Country (SJIC). The
survey includes all jails, confinement facilities, detention centers, and other correctional facilities located in Indian country
and operated by tribal authorities or the
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). The survey
gathers information on the number of
persons in custody, the number under
community supervision, offender characteristics, and facility capacity.

Highlights
At midyear 2001 jails in Indian country supervised 2,030 persons
Number of
inmates, midyear
2001
2000

Percent
change

Total

2,030

1,853

10%

In custody
Adult
Juvenile

1,912
1,600
312

1,775
1,498
277

8%
7
13

Community
supervision

118

51%

Admissions,
June 1-30

9,697

7,151

36%

• On June 29, 2001, Indian country
facilities held 1,600 adults and 312
juveniles. In the 12 months ending
June 29, 2001, the number of inmates
in custody increased 8%.
• In a 1-month period, June 2001,
facilities in Indian country admitted
9,697 inmates, a 36% increase from
June 2000.

68 facilities were operating in Indian country, with the capacity
to hold 2,101 persons on June 29, 2001
• On June 29, 2001, 68 jails in Indian
2001 2000 1999 1998
country were operating at 91% of
Number of inmates
capacity. On their peak day in June
Midyear
1,912 1,775 1,621 1,479
2001, jails were operating at 126%
Peak day in June
2,656 2,441 2,289 2,306
of capacity, up from 118% at midyear
Rated capacity
2,101 2,076 2,065 1,945
2000.
Percent of capacity
occupied*
Midyear
91% 86% 78% 76%
Peak day in June
126 118 111 119
*Number of inmates in custody divided by
rated capacity.

• Since 1998, the number of inmates
in custody at midyear has increased
by 29%, and rated capacity has
increased 8%.

16 jails in Indian country funded to undergo expansion,
replacement, or renovation
• Sixteen facilities have received funding
Planned changes
under the Correctional Facilities on
and funding status
Facilities
Beds
Tribal Lands Discretionary Grant
Funded plans*
Program to expand, renovate, or close
Adult
2
129
an existing facility, or to build a new
Juvenile
9
276
facility. When completed, the rated
Both
5
390
capacity of all jails will total 2,724, a net
Net change
16
623
increase of 623 beds.
Other plans
17
774
*Includes facilities funded in part under the
Correctional Facilities on Tribal Lands Discretionary Grant Program, administered by the Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs.

• Seventeen facilities have final administrative approval for changes in the next
3 years (but funding is pending).

Tribes retain jurisdiction over many
crimes by American Indians and
Alaska Natives in Indian country
Thirty-three States contain around 300
Indian land areas or reservations.
Generally, the local governing authority
on Indian lands is a tribal government
or council. Jurisdiction over crimes in
Indian country depends on several factors,
including the identity of the victim and the
offender, the severity of the crime, and
where the crime was committed. (See
box on this page.) Tribal authority to
sentence offenders is limited to 1 year of
imprisonment and a $5,000 fine or both
(25 U.S.C. § 1302(7)).

Criminal jurisdiction in Indian country
Tribal jurisdiction
• Crimes committed by Indians in Indian
country. Sentences are limited to 1 year
and a $5,000 fine per offense or both.
25 U.S.C. 1302(7)
Federal jurisdiction
• 14 crimes under the Major Crimes Act
of 1885. 18 U.S.C. 1153
State jurisdiction
• All crimes on tribal lands specified under
Public Law 280, 18 U.S.C. 1162
Note: Criminal jurisdiction in Indian country
depends on several factors, including the
identity of the defendant, victim, type of
offense, and where the crime was committed.

At midyear 2001, the rate of incarceration
for American Indians was about 19%
Locally-operated city or county jails held
over 3 times as many American Indians as higher than the overall national rate.
Federal and State prison and jail authorijails in Indian country. (American Indians
in this report includes Alaska Natives.) At ties held 849 American Indians per
midyear 2001, local jails held an estimated 100,000 Indians, compared to 690
persons of all races per 100,000 U.S.
6,000 American Indians, some of whom
residents.
may have been adjudicated by a tribal
criminal justice system and housed in jails
Indian country jail population
under contract with tribal governments.
Overall, State, Federal, local, and tribal
rose 8%
authorities were supervising 49,673 American Indians. Most were under community At midyear 2001, jails in Indian country
supervision (28,387).
supervised 2,030 persons, up from 1,853
in 2000. Nearly all (1,912) were held in
A total of 21,286, American Indians were
jails, with an additional 118 persons being
in custody at midyear 2001, most of whom supervised in the community (table 1).
were held in State prison (11,419).
The number of inmates in custody
increased 8% from the previous year,
On April 1, 2000, 2,475,956 American
when 1,775 inmates were being housed.
Indians and Alaska Natives lived in the
Persons under community supervision
Unites States (U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 increased 51% (118 in 2001 compared to
Census of Population and Housing, table
78 in 2000). The number of persons
DP-1). American Indians account for
required to perform community service
under 1% of the U.S. resident population
rose from 18 in 2000 to 39 in 2001.
and around 1% of those in custody of jails Persons sentenced to day reporting
or prisons.
increased from 3 in 2000 to 21 in 2001.
Number of American
Indians and Alaska
Natives
Total
In custody, midyear 2001
Local jails*
Jails in Indian country
State prisons
Federal prisons

49,673
21,286
6,000
1,912
11,419
1,955

28,387
Under community supervision
State/Federal, 12/31/00
Probation
23,889
Parole
4,380
Indian country, midyear 2001
118
*Estimated from the 2001 Annual Survey of Jails.

2 Jails in Indian Country, 2001

Type of supervision
Total
Electronic monitoring
Home detention
Community service
Day reporting
Weekend program
Other

Number of persons
2001
2000
118
1
0
39
21
52
5

78
0
2
18
3
54
1

On June 29, 2001, jails in Indian country
held 1,062 convicted offenders and 836
inmates who were unconvicted or awaiting
trial. Fifty-six percent of those jailed in
2001 were convicted, down from 61%
at midyear 2000 and 74% in 1999.

91% of confined inmates held for
misdemeanors; 10% for DWI/DUI
On June 29, 2001, 1,738 inmates were
being held for a misdemeanor (regardless
of conviction status), up from 1,560 on
June 30, 2000. One hundred-thirteen
inmates were in jail for a felony, slightly
higher than in 2000 (97). One inmate was
being held for the Immigration and
Naturalization Service for deportation, and
60 for other reasons, including protective
custody, detoxification, intoxication, uncontrollable juvenile behavior, pick-up orders,
runaway, and pending charges.
At midyear 2001, 181 inmates were
confined for driving while intoxicated or
driving under the influence of alcohol, a
34% decrease from 2000 (274). One
hundred-thirty inmates were being held for
a drug law violation, down from 133 in
2000. Fourteen percent (259) of jail
inmates were undergoing drug or alcohol
detoxification.
Juveniles account for 16%
of inmate population
At midyear 2001, Indian country jails
held 1,578 adults, 83% males and 17%
females. Juveniles (persons under age
18) accounted for 16% of the total custody
population. In 2001, nearly a third of the
juveniles were females. At midyear 2001,
22 juveniles were being held as adults, up
from 14 at midyear 2000.
Table 1. Indian country jail inmate
characteristics, midyear, 2000
and 2001

Total

Number of persons
2001
2000
2,030
1,853
1,912
1,600
1,366
234
312
212
100

1,775
1,498
1,214
284
277
207
70

Convicted
Unconvicted

1,062
836

1,072
689

Felony
Misdemeanor
Other

113
1,738
61

97
1,560
71

181
130

274
133

In custody
Adult
Male
Female
Juvenile
Male
Female

DWI/DUI
Drug law violation

Under community
118
78
supervision
Note: Sac and Fox Nation Juvenile
Facility did not report conviction status in
2000 and 2001.

New admissions to jails in Indian country
increased from 7,151 in June 2000 to
9,697 in June 2001, a 36% increase
(table 2).

Two deaths were reported by jail authorities between July 1, 2000, and June 30,
2001. Both inmates committed suicide.
During the 12-month period, 169 inmates
attempted suicide, up from 151 in 2000.
Since July 1, 1998, the number of inmates
attempting suicide (103) each year has
increased by 64% (not shown in a table).
Nearly half of inmate population
held in 10 jails
On June 29, 2001, the largest 10 jails in
Indian country housed 878 inmates
(table 3). Combined, the 10 facilities had
a rated capacity to hold 617 inmates, or
29% of the total rated capacity of all facilities in Indian country. Sixty-seven percent
(584) of the inmates in the 10 largest jails
were confined in 7 facilities in Arizona.
Pine Ridge Correctional Facility in South
Dakota held 168 inmates, over 7½ times
the rated capacity of 22. Three facilities,
Hopi Rehabilitation Center, Tohono
O'odham Detention Center, and Gila River
Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, each held 100 inmates at midyear
2001.
Table 2. Indian country jail inmate
admissions and reported suicides

June 1-30
New admissions
July 1-June 30
Deaths
Suicides
Other causes
Attempted suicides

Percent of
capacity
Rated
Custody
population capacity occupied

Jail facility
Total

Jails reported 169 suicide
attempts and 2 deaths

Time period

Table 3. Ten largest jails in Indian country, June 29, 2001

Number of persons
2001
2000
9,697

7,151

2
2
0

2
1
1

169

151

878

617

142%

Pine Ridge Correctional Facility (SD)
Hopi Rehabilitation Center (AZ)
Tohono O'odham Detention Center (AZ)
Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (AZ)
Navajo Department of Corrections-Window Rock (AZ)

168
100
100
100
84

22
96
34
112
51

764%
104
294
89
165

White Mountain Apache Police Department (AZ)
Blackfeet Police Department (MT)
Salt River Department of Corrections (AZ)
Gila River Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center (AZ)
Warm Springs Detention Center (OR)

75
73
68
57
53

46
45
68
92
51

163%
162
100
62
104

On June 29, 2001, Tohono O’odham
Detention Center was running at 3 times
its operating capacity. Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
was operating under its rated capacity
(89%).
Thirty-nine jails in Indian country housed
fewer than 24 inmates on June 29, 2001.
Fourteen facilities reported fewer than 10
inmates. Twenty-five facilities held 10 to
24 inmates, 16 facilities held 25 to 49, and
11 facilities held 50 or more inmates.

Four facilities each held 100 or more
inmates (appendix table 2, page 6).
Number of Percent of
facilities
all facilities

Facility size*
Total

97%

Fewer than 10 inmates
14
21%
10 to 24
25
38
25 to 49
16
24
50 or more
11
17
*Based on the custody population on June 29,
2001. Excludes Laguna Tribal Police Detention
facility and the Chemawa Indian School, which
were closed on June 29, 2001.

Table 4. Jails in Indian country operating above 150% of capacity
on the peak day during June 2001

Facilities operating above capacity
Total, 21 facilities

Peak
Percent of
population Rated
capacity
in June
capacity occupied
1,251

528

237%

Pine Ridge Correctional Facility (SD)
Medicine Root Detention Center (SD)
Tohono O'odham Detention Center (AZ)
Fort Belknap Police Department (MT)
Fort Berthold Agency (ND)
Crow Police Department (MT)
Navajo Department of Corrections-Kayenta (AZ)

168
80
112
26
23
36
25

22
24
34
8
8
14
10

764%
333
329
325
288
257
250

Northern Cheyenne Police Department (MT)
White Mountain Apache Police Department (AZ)
Navajo Department of Corrections-Crownpoint (NM)
Navajo Department of Corrections-Chinle (AZ)
Taos Tribal Detention Center (NM)
Navajo Department of Corrections-Window Rock (AZ)
Fort Thompson Jail (SD)

45
103
31
55
17
102
24

19
46
14
25
8
51
12

237%
224
221
220
213
200
200

San Carlos Jail (AZ)
Warm Springs Detention Center (OR)
Mescalero Adult Detention Center (NM)
Walter Miner Law Enforcement Center-Juvenile (SD)
Turtle Mountain Law Enforcement Center (ND)
Blackfeet Police Department (MT)
Navajo Department of Corrections-Shiprock (NM)

90
94
42
17
49
73
39

48
51
24
10
30
45
25

188%
184
175
170
163
162
156

Jails in Indian Country, 2001 3

Indian country jails operated at
126% of capacity on peak day in
June 2001, up from 118% in 2000
Combined, the 68 facilities had a rated
capacity to hold 2,101 persons. Jails in
Indian country were operating at 91% of
capacity on June 29, 2001, up from 86%
at midyear 2000. On their peak day in
June 2001, jails were holding 2,656
inmates, and operating at 126% of capacity. Since 1998, the number of inmates
has increased by 15% on their peak day in
June, while capacity has increased by 8%.
2001 2000 1999 1998
Number of inmates
Midyear
1,912 1,775 1,621 1,479
Peak day in June 2,656 2,441 2,289 2,306
Rated capacity

Small facilities reported the
highest occupancy rates

Table 5. Court orders, consent
decrees, and planned changes
for jails in Indian country

Seven facilities with a rated capacity to
hold fewer than 10 inmates reported the
highest occupancy rates (173%) on their
peak day in June 2001. Occupancy was
168% of rated capacity in jails rated to hold
10 to 24 inmates, 127% in jails rated to
hold 25 to 49, and 99% of capacity for
those rated to hold 50 or more inmates.

Capacity of facility

Percent of capacity
occupied on peak
day in June 2001

Total
Fewer than 10 inmates
10 to 24
25 to 49
50 or more

126%
173
168
127
99

2,101 2,076 2,065 1,945

Percent of capacity
occupied*
Midyear
91% 86% 78% 76%
Peak day in June 126 118 111 119
*Number of inmates in custody divided by
rated capacity.

Forty facilities were operating above 100%
of capacity in June 2001, up from 30 the
previous year (appendix table 2, page 6).
Twenty-one jails were operating at over
150% of capacity on their peak day in
June 2001, up from 16 in 2000 (table 4).
This represents the largest number of jails
(15) operating above 150% of capacity on
their most crowded day in June since introducing the survey in 1998. Arizona (6) had
the most facilities above 150% of capacity,
followed by Montana (4), New Mexico (4),
South Dakota (4), North Dakota (2), and
Oregon (1).
Pine Ridge Correctional Facility in South
Dakota reported the highest occupancy
rate on their peak day in June (764%), up
from 391% in 2000. It housed 168
inmates on the peak day in day in June
2001, with a rated capacity to hold 22
inmates. Three other facilities reported
operating at over 300%: Medicine Root
Detention Center in South Dakota (333%),
Tohono O’odham Detention Center in
Arizona (329%), and Fort Belknap Police
Department in Montana (325%).

4 Jails in Indian Country, 2001

Facilities under court order or consent
decree highest in 3 years
Thirteen jails were under court order or
consent decree to limit the number of
inmates they can house, up from 11 in
2000 (table 5). Ten of those facilities were
under multiple court orders or consent
decrees. Sixteen jails expect to increase
capacity by 623 beds when all planned
changes have been completed.

Number of
facilities
Under court order/
consent decree

Funded construction plans
Add new facility
Replace facility
Expand capacity

16
9
5
1

Expected capacity increase
623 beds
17
Other plans*
Capacity increase, if funded
774 beds
*Contstruction plans within the next 3 years
that have received administrative approval,
even though necessary funds have not been
authorized.

Nine new jails will be added to Indian
country, five facilities will be replaced, and
one will be expanded.
These plans have been funded under the
Correctional Facilities on Tribal Lands
Discretionary Grant Program, which is
administered by the U.S. Department of
Justice, Office of Justice Programs. In
addition, 17 jails report plans for facility
changes in the next 3 years that have final
administrative approval, even though
necessary funds have not been authorized
(appendix table 6, page 14).

Appendix table 1. Tribal affiliation of jails in Indian country, by State, 2001
State and facility

Tribal affiliation

Alaska
Metlakatla Police Department

Metlakatla Indian Community

San Carlos Jail
Supai Jail
Tohono O'odham Detention Center
Tohono O'odham Judiciary Juvenile Detention Center
Western Navajo Juvenile Services
White Mountain Apache Police Department

Colorado River Indian Tribes
Fort Mohave Indian Tribe
Gila River Indian Community
Gila River Indian Community
Hopi Tribe
Navajo Nation
Navajo Nation
Navajo Nation
Navajo Nation
Pascua Yaqui Tribe
Hualapai, Havasupai, Prescott
Apache, and Tonto Apache
Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian
Community
San Carlos Apache Tribe
Supai Tribe
Tohono O'odham Nation
Tohono O'odham Nation
Navajo Nation
White Mountain Apache Tribe

Colorado
Southern Ute Detention Center
Ute Mountain Ute Agency

Southern Ute Tribe
Ute Mountain Ute Tribe

Idaho
Fort Hall Police Department

Shoshone-Bannock Tribe

Salt River Department of Corrections

Appendix table 1. Continued
State and facility

Tribal affiliation

Minnesota
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services

Red Lake Chippewa Tribe

Mississippi
Choctaw Police Department

Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians

Montana
Blackfeet Police Department
Crow Police Department
Flathead Tribal Police Department
Fort Belknap Police Department
Fort Peck Indian Youth Services Center
Fort Peck Police Department
Northern Cheyenne Police Department
Rocky Boy Police Department
White Buffalo Youth Detention Center

Blackfeet Tribe
Crow Tribe
Confederated Tribes of Salish and Kootenai
Gros Ventre and Assiniboine Tribe
Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes
Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes
Northern Cheyenne Tribe
Chippewa-Cree Tribe
Blackfeet Tribe

Nebraska
Omaha Tribal Police Department

Omaha Tribal Police Department

Nevada
Owyhee Detention Facility

Shoshone-Paiute Tribes

New Mexico
Jicarilla Police Department
Laguna Tribal Detention Facility
Mescalero Adult Detention Center
Navajo Department of Corrections-Crownpoint
Navajo Department of Corrections-Shiprock
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tohatchi Juvenile Center
Ramah Navajo Police Department
Taos Tribal Detention Center
Zuni Police Department

Jicarilla Apache Tribe
Laguna Pueblo
Mescalero Apache Tribe
Navajo Nation
Navajo Nation
Navajo Nation
Ramah Navajo
Taos Pueblo
Zuni Pueblo

North Dakota
Fort Berthold Agency
Fort Totten Municipal Center
Standing Rock Law Enforcement Center
Turtle Mountain Law Enforcement Center

Three Affiliated Tribes of Fort Berthold Reservation
Spirit Lake Sioux Tribe
Standing Rock Sioux Tribe
Turtle Mountain Chippewa Tribe

Oklahoma
Sac and Fox Nation Juvenile Detention Facility

Sac and Fox Nation

Oregon
Chemawa Indian School
Warm Springs Detention Center

BIA Law Enforcement Services
Warm Springs Confederated Tribes

South Dakota
Fort Thompson Jail
Klyuska O'Tipi Reintegration Center
Medicine Root Detention Center
Pine Ridge Correctional Facility
Rosebud Sioux Tribe Law Enforcement
Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribal Law Enforcement Center
Walter Miner Law Enforcement Center-Juvenile
Walter Miner Law Enforcement Facility-Adult

Crow Creek Sioux Tribe
Oglala Sioux Tribe
Oglala Sioux Tribe
Oglala Sioux Tribe
Rosebud Sioux Tribe
Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe
Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe
Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe

Utah
Uintah-Ouray Detention Center

Northern Ute Tribe

Washington
Chehalis Tribal Police Department
Makah Police Department
Puyallup Tribal Detention Facility
Quinault Police Department
Wellpinit BIA Law Enforcement Center
Yakama Police Department

Chehalis Indian Tribe
Makah Indian Tribe
Puyallup Tribe
Quinault Tribe
Spokane Tribe
Confederated Tribes of Yakama Nation

Wisconsin
Menominee Tribal Jail

Menominee Indian Tribe

Wyoming
Wind River Police Department
Shoshone and Arapahoe Tribe
Note: The Lower Brule Law Enforcement Services Center in South Dakota closed on May 20, 2001. The Chemawa Indian
School in Oregon is closed each year from May to September. The Laguna Tribal Detention Facility in New Mexico was
temporarily closed on June 29, 2001.

Jails in Indian Country, 2001 5

Appendix table 2. Inmates, rated capacity, and percent of capacity occupied in jails
in Indian country, June 2001

State and facility
Total

Inmates in
custodya

Peak
population
in Juneb

Rated
capacityc

Population
on June 29
as a percent
of capacityd

Peak population
in June
as a percent
of capacity

1,912

2,656

2,101

91%

126 %

100%

18
2
100
57
100
22
14
19
84
1
15
68
51
0
100
22
25
75

23
4
109
71
122
55
25
37
102
6
32
75
90
3
112
24
36
103

36
4
112
92
96
25
10
34
51
6
41
68
48
10
34
22
36
46

50%
50
89
62
104
88
140
56
165
17
37
100
106
0
294
100
69
163

64%
100
97
77
127
220
250
109
200
100
78
110
188
30
329
109
100
224

Colorado
Southern Ute Detention Center
Ute Mountain Ute Agency

28
7

38
16

48
76

58%
9

79%
21

Idaho
Fort Hall Police Department

84%

Minnesota
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services

96%

141%

Mississippi
Choctaw Police Department

100%

73
12
16
11
17
19
26
10
31

73
36
22
26
20
30
45
12
31

45
14
20
8
16
22
19
15
24

162%
86
80
138
106
86
137
67
129

162%
257
110
325
125
136
237
80
129

Nebraska
Omaha Tribal Police Department

41%

78%

Nevada
Owyhee Detention Facility

42%

71%

Alaska
Metlakatla Police Department
Arizona
Colorado River Indian Tribes Detention Center
Fort Mohave Tribal Police Department
Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Gila River Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center
Hopi Rehabilitation Center
Navajo Department of Corrections-Chinle
Navajo Department of Corrections-Kayenta
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tuba City
Navajo Department of Corrections-Window Rock
Pascua Yaqui Law Enforcement Center
Peach Springs Detention Center
Salt River Department of Corrections
San Carlos Jail
Supai Jail
Tohono O'odham Detention Center
Tohono O'odham Judiciary Juvenile Detention Center
Western Navajo Juvenile Services
White Mountain Apache Police Department

6 Jails in Indian Country, 2001

Appendix table 2. Continued

State and facility

Inmates in
custodya

Peak
population
in Juneb

Rated
capacityc

Population
on June 29
as a percent
of capacityd

Peak population
in June
as a percent
of capacity

20
0
27
26
39
8
5
17
32

24
25
42
31
39
17
12
17
49

46
22
24
14
25
14
10
8
34

44%
0
113
186
156
57
50
213
94

52%
114
175
221
156
121
120
213
144

North Dakota
Fort Berthold Agency
Fort Totten Municipal Center
Standing Rock Law Enforcement Center
Turtle Mountain Law Enforcement Center

4
30
34
30

23
37
52
49

8
34
50
30

50%
88
68
100

288%
109
104
163

Oklahoma
Sac and Fox Nation Juvenile Detention Facility

23%

50%

Oregon
Chemawa Indian School
Warm Springs Detention Center

0
53

0
94

8
51

0%
104

0%
184

24
12
45
168
30
17
4
37

24
14
80
168
60
21
17
48

12
32
24
22
65
22
10
45

200%
38
188
764
46
77
40
82

200%
44
333
764
92
96
170
107

Utah
Uintah-Ouray Detention Center

59%

77%

Washington
Chehalis Tribal Police Department
Makah Police Department
Puyallup Tribal Detention Facility
Quinault Police Department
Wellpinit BIA Law Enforcement Center
Yakama Police Department

1
4
4
3
9
22

2
4
8
12
12
35

8
12
20
12
10
50

13%
33
20
25
90
44

25%
33
40
100
120
70

Wisconsin
Menominee Tribal Jail

84%

95%

Wyoming
Wind River Police Department
16
33
26
62%
127%
a
Adults and juveniles confined in jail facilities.
b
Peak population is any day in the month of June in which the custody population of a facility was largest.
c
Rated capacity is the maximum number of beds or inmates assigned by a rating official to a facility. Excludes temporary holding areas.
d
Population as a percent of capacity occupied is calculated by dividing the population count of a facility by its rated capacity and multiplying by 100.

Jails in Indian Country, 2001 7

Appendix table 3. Adults and juveniles in the custody of jails in Indian country,
by gender, June 29, 2001

Total

Number of inmates in custody
Adult
Juvenile (under age 18)
Male Female
Total
Male Female

1,600

1,366

234

312

212

100

13
2
99
0
97
22
14
19
84
0
10
45
51
0
100
0
0
70

8
2
83
0
86
20
13
19
83
0
8
39
42
0
85
0
0
49

5
0
16
0
11
2
1
0
1
0
2
6
9
0
15
0
0
21

5
0
1
57
3
0
0
0
0
1
5
23
0
0
0
22
25
5

4
0
1
43
2
0
0
0
0
1
5
19
0
0
0
19
19
3

1
0
0
14
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
3
6
2

Colorado
Southern Ute Detention Center
Ute Mountain Ute Agency

28
7

23
6

5
1

0
0

Idaho
Fort Hall Police Department

Minnesota
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services

Mississippi
Choctaw Police Department

73
10
16
7
0
19
25
8
0

62
6
14
6
0
16
21
8
0

11
4
2
1
0
3
4
0
0

0
2
0
4
17
0
1
2
31

0
1
0
3
10
0
0
1
17

0
1
0
1
7
0
1
1
14

Nebraska
Omaha Tribal Police Department

Nevada
Owyhee Detention Facility

State and facility
Total
Alaska
Metlakatla Police Department
Arizona
Colorado River Indian Tribes Detention Center
Fort Mohave Tribal Police Department
Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Gila River Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center
Hopi Rehabilitation Center
Navajo Department of Corrections-Chinle
Navajo Department of Corrections-Kayenta
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tuba City
Navajo Department of Corrections-Window Rock
Pascua Yaqui Law Enforcement Center
Peach Springs Detention Center
Salt River Department of Corrections
San Carlos Jail
Supai Jail
Tohono O'odham Detention Center
Tohono O'odham Judiciary Juvenile Detention Center
Western Navajo Juvenile Services
White Mountain Apache Police Department

8 Jails in Indian Country, 2001

Appendix table 3. Continued

State and facility

Total

Number of inmates in custody
Adult
Juvenile (under age 18)
Male Female
Total
Male Female

11
0
27
26
39
0
5
17
27

8
0
21
21
35
0
5
16
21

3
0
6
5
4
0
0
1
6

9
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
5

4
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
5

5
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0

North Dakota
Fort Berthold Agency
Fort Totten Municipal Center
Standing Rock Law Enforcement Center
Turtle Mountain Law Enforcement Center

4
27
29
28

3
23
22
24

1
4
7
4

0
3
5
2

0
3
2
0

0
0
3
2

0
41

0
30

0
11

0
12

0
7

0
5

18
0
45
168
24
16
0
37

13
0
41
157
15
13
0
30

5
0
4
11
9
3
0
7

6
12
0
0
6
1
4
0

3
10
0
0
4
0
4
0

3
2
0
0
2
1
0
0

Utah
Uintah-Ouray Detention Center

Washington
Chehalis Tribal Police Department
Makah Police Department
Puyallup Tribal Detention Facility
Quinault Police Department
Wellpinit BIA Law Enforcement Center
Yakama Police Department

1
4
4
3
9
15

1
4
4
2
8
14

0
0
0
1
1
1

0
0
0
0
0
7

0
0
0
0
0
3

0
0
0
0
0
4

Wisconsin
Menominee Tribal Jail

Wyoming
Wind River Police Department

Oklahoma
Sac and Fox Nation Juvenile Detention Facility
Oregon
Chemawa Indian School
Warm Springs Detention Center
South Dakota
Fort Thompson Jail
Klyuska O'Tipi Reintegration Center
Medicine Root Detention Center
Pine Ridge Correctional Facility
Rosebud Sioux Tribe Law Enforcement
Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribal Law Enforcement Center
Walter Miner Law Enforcement Center-Juvenile
Walter Miner Law Enforcement Facility-Adult

Jails in Indian Country, 2001 9

Appendix table 4. Inmates in jails in Indian country, by conviction status and seriousness
of the offense, June 29, 2001

State and facility
Total

Number of inmates in custody
Conviction status
Seriousness of offense
Convicteda Unconvicted
Felony Misdemeanor Otherb
1,062

836

113

1,738

Arizona
Colorado River Indian Tribes Detention Center
Fort Mohave Tribal Police Department
Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Gila River Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center
Hopi Rehabilitation Center
Navajo Department of Corrections-Chinle
Navajo Department of Corrections-Kayenta
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tuba City
Navajo Department of Corrections-Window Rock
Pascua Yaqui Law Enforcement Center
Peach Springs Detention Center
Salt River Department of Corrections
San Carlos Jail
Supai Jail
Tohono O'odham Detention Center
Tohono O'odham Judiciary Juvenile Detention Center
Western Navajo Juvenile Services
White Mountain Apache Police Department

7
1
91
56
92
0
0
5
28
0
5
18
46
0
49
20
24
62

11
1
9
1
8
22
14
14
56
1
10
50
5
0
51
2
1
13

0
1
0
39
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
20
0
0
0
3
0

18
1
100
18
100
22
14
19
84
1
14
68
31
0
100
22
22
75

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Colorado
Southern Ute Detention Center
Ute Mountain Ute Agency

26
4

2
3

0
0

26
7

2
0

Idaho
Fort Hall Police Department

Mississippi
Choctaw Police Department

27
7
15
0
7
13
16
1
31

46
5
1
11
10
6
10
9
0

0
0
0
0
6
5
0
0
0

73
12
16
11
11
14
26
10
31

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Nebraska
Omaha Tribal Police Department

Nevada
Owyhee Detention Facility

Alaska
Metlakatla Police Department

Minnesota
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services

10 Jails in Indian Country, 2001

Appendix table 4. Continued

State and facility

Number of inmates in custody
Conviction status
Seriousness of offense
Convicteda Unconvicted
Felony Misdemeanor Otherb

17
0
25
6
0
0
1
16
25

3
0
2
20
39
8
4
1
7

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1

20
0
27
26
39
8
5
12
31

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0

North Dakota
Fort Berthold Agency
Fort Totten Municipal Center
Standing Rock Law Enforcement Center
Turtle Mountain Law Enforcement Center

2
12
29
28

2
18
5
2

0
1
3
0

4
25
31
28

0
4
0
2

Oregon
Chemawa Indian School
Warm Springs Detention Center

0
48

0
5

0
0

0
53

0
0

2
10
10
15
10
13
4
8

22
2
35
153
20
4
0
29

0
10
1
0
2
0
0
1

18
2
44
168
28
16
4
6

6
0
0
0
0
1
0
30

Washington
Chehalis Tribal Police Department
Makah Police Department
Puyallup Tribal Detention Facility
Quinault Police Department
Wellpinit BIA Law Enforcement Center
Yakama Police Department

0
0
4
2
1
22

1
4
0
1
8
0

1
0
0
2
0
0

0
4
4
1
9
22

0
0
0
0
0
0

Wisconsin
Menominee Tribal Jail

Oklahoma
Sac and Fox Nation Juvenile Detention Facility

Utah
Uintah-Ouray Detention Center

Wyoming
Wind River Police Department
8
8
0
15
1
/Not reported.
a
Includes probation and parole violators with no new sentence.
b
Other includes one inmate being held for the Immigration and Naturalization Service for deportation, and 60 for other reasons,
including, protective custody, detoxification, driving while intoxicated, public intoxication, uncontrollable juvenile behavior,
pick-up orders, runaway, and pending charges.

Jails in Indian Country, 2001 11

Appendix table 5. Inmates in jails in Indian country with a DWI/DUI offense
or a drug violation or in detoxification, June 29, 2001

State and facility
Total

Inmates in
custody
DWI/DUIa

Inmates in custody
Number
Percent
Drug
In detoxiDrug
offense ficationb
DWI/DUIa offense

In detoxificationb

1,912

181

130

259

14%

...

18
2
100
57
100
22
14
19
84
1
15
68
51
0
100
22
25
75

1
0
0
4
2
4
2
1
3
0
0
2
13
0
/
0
0
7

0
0
0
5
88
0
0
0
0
0
0
/
0
0
/
0
1
3

...
...
...
0
...
...
...
19
23
...
0
...
4
...
...
...
1
...

6%
0
0
7
2
18
14
5
4
0
0
3
25
0
0
0
0
9

0%
0
0
9
88
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4

...
...
...
0
...
...
...
100
27
...
0
...
8
...
...
...
4
...

Colorado
Southern Ute Detention Center
Ute Mountain Ute Agency

28
7

26
1

0
0

...
...

93%
14

0%
0

...
...

Idaho
Fort Hall Police Department

10%

Minnesota
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services

24%

29%

Mississippi
Choctaw Police Department

73
12
16
11
17
19
26
10
31

5
1
0
2
3
1
3
1
0

0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0

...
...
...
5
...
...
26
...
6

7%
8
0
18
18
5
12
10
0

0%
0
0
27
0
0
4
0
0

Nebraska
Omaha Tribal Police Department

Nevada
Owyhee Detention Facility

...

30%

40%

12 Jails in Indian Country, 2001

...
...
...
45
...
...
100
...
19
62%
...

Appendix table 5. Continued
Inmates in custody

State and facility

Inmates
in custody DWI/DUIa

Number
Drug
offense

In detoxificationb

DWI/DUIa

Percent
Drug
offense

In detoxificationb

20
0
27
26
39
8
5
17
32

3
0
4
2
3
1
0
4
4

0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
7

...
0
...
11
...
...
3
...
1

15 %
0
15
8
8
13
0
24
13

0%
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
22

North Dakota
Fort Berthold Agency
Fort Totten Municipal Center
Standing Rock Law Enforcement Center
Turtle Mountain Law Enforcement Center

4
30
34
30

4
4
4
2

0
0
1
1

2
15
12
5

100 %
13
12
7

0%
0
3
3

50 %
50
35
17

Oklahoma
Sac and Fox Nation Juvenile Detention Facility

...

Oregon
Chemawa Indian School
Warm Springs Detention Center

0
53

0
0

...
2

0%
0

...
4

24
12
45
168
30
17
4
37

2
0
14
5
0
2
1
15

0
0
4
4
1
0
0
0

6
...
35
...
25
2
0
30

8%
0
31
3
0
12
25
41

0%
0
9
2
3
0
0
0

25 %
...
78
...
83
12
0
81

Utah
Uintah-Ouray Detention Center

69 %

Washington
Chehalis Tribal Police Department
Makah Police Department
Puyallup Tribal Detention Facility
Quinault Police Department
Wellpinit BIA Law Enforcement Center
Yakama Police Department

1
4
4
3
9
22

0
0
1
1
0
0

1
0
0
1
0
1

...
...
...
...
0
1

0%
0
25
33
0
0

100 %
0
0
33
0
5

Wisconsin
Menominee Tribal Jail

14 %

38 %

Wyoming
Wind River Police Department
16
1
1
...Not applicable, facility does not detoxify confined persons from drugs or alcohol.
/Not reported.
a
Includes driving while intoxicated and driving while under the influence of drugs or alcohol.
b
Includes inmates in detoxification for drugs or alcohol.

...
0
...
42
...
...
60
...
3

...
...
...
...
0
5

Jails in Indian Country, 2001 13

Appendix table 6. Planned changes to jails in Indian country and projected
capacity when completed

State and facility
All facilities

Rated
capacity,
6/29/01
2,101

Alaska
Kenai Native Association Adult Detention Centerc
Arizona
Chinle Youth Correctionsc
Gila River Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation
Peach Springs Detention Center
Peach Springs Juvenile Detention Centerc
Salt River Department of Corrections
San Carlos Jail
Tohono O’odham Detention Center

Capacity added, replaced
or under renovation
Other plansb
Funded plansa
Number of Type of
Number of
beds
construction
beds
795
24

112
41
68
48
34

Michigan
Sault Ste. Marie Juvenile Detention Centerc

774
Adult

50
105

Juvenile
Adult

30
120
100

Juvenile
Mixed
Mixed

50
217
41
30
120
100
25

Juvenile

24
68

Juvenile
Mixed

24
68

Mississippi
Choctaw Police Departmentd

116

45
14
16

45
10

Nevada
Owyhee Detention Facility
Owyhee Shoshone Paiute Juvenile Facilityc

20
36

Juvenile
Juvenile

36
36
15

24
32

Juvenile

New Mexico
Jicarilla Police Department
Laguna Tribal Detention Facility
Taos Tribal Detention Center
Zuni Police Department

46
22
8
34

North Dakota
Fort Berthold Juvenile Detention Facilityc
Standing Rock Law Enforcement Center

Oregon
Chemawa Indian School
South Dakota
Lower Brule Law Enforcement Services Centerd
Oglala Sioux Tribe Adult Correctional Centerc,e
Rosebud Sioux Tribe Law Enforcement-Juvenilec
Washington
Colville Adult/Juvenile Justice Centerc
Makah Police Department
Puyallup Tribal Detention Facility
Quinault Police Department

60
100
8
38

Mixed

Juvenile

38
24

60
140

12
20
12

Juvenile

Mixed

36
64
16
30
18

Note: Lower Brule Law Enforcement Services Center was closed but is expected to be replaced. Other facilities funded
by DOJ or in process of DOJ review include Gila River Juvenile Detention and Rehabilitation Center (42 completed beds),
Barrow Juvenile Correctional Facility (14 juvenile beds, funded but jurisdictional issues pending), Kotzebue Regional Jail
Facility (proposal expected for 28 adult beds), and Nisqually Adult Detention Unit (8 beds for temporary holding).
a
Construction funded, in part, under the Correctional Facilities on Tribal Lands Discretionary Grant Program, which is
administered by the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Corrections Program Office.
b
Based on facility plans within the next 3 years that have received final administrative approval,
even though necessary funds may not have been authorized.
c
Facilities will be added to the survey when fully operational.
d
Proposal under review by the Corrections Program Office.
e
Approved for design only, other funds pending.

14 Jails in Indian Country, 2001

2,724
24

Minnesota
Red Lake Juvenile Work Campc
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services

Montana
Blackfeet Police Department
Crow Police Department
Fort Peck Indian Youth Services Center
Northern Cheyenne Juvenile Detention Centerc
Rocky Boy Police Department

Projected capacity
when funded
plans have been
completed

Appendix table 7. Jails in Indian country under court order or consent decree
to limit population or for other reasons, June 29, 2001

State and facility
Total

Tribal, State, or Federal court order or consent decree
Maximum
capacity set by
Other conditions
consent decree
specified
386

Arizona
Navajo Department of Corrections-Chinle
Navajo Department of Corrections-Tuba City
Navajo Department of Corrections-Window Rock
Pascua Yaqui Law Enforcement Center

25
34
95
4

Minnesota
Red Lake Law Enforcement Services

Nebraska
Omaha Tribal Police Department

New Mexico
Navajo Department of Corrections-Crownpoint
Navajo Department of Corrections-Shiprock

14
32

Detain in a humane condition
Detain in a humane condition

North Dakota
Fort Berthold Agency
Standing Rock Law Enforcement Center

9
50

Overcrowding

South Dakota
Medicine Root Detention Center

(1) Overcrowding (2) Public detoxification inmates must be released
after 8 hours

Washington
Wellpinit BIA Law Enforcement Center

Overcrowding

Wyoming
Wind River Police Department

Detain in a humane condition

Methodology
“Indian country” is a statutory term that
includes the following: all lands within an
Indian reservation; dependent Indian
communities; and Indian trust allotments
(18 U.S.C. § 1151). Courts interpret §
1151 to include all lands held in trust for
tribes or their members. See United
States v. Roberts. 185 F.3d 1125 (10th
Cir. 1999). Tribal authority to imprison
Indian offenders is limited to 1 year per
offense by statute (25 U.S.C. § 1302).
Tribal law enforcement agencies act as
first responders to both felony and misdemeanor crimes. For most of Indian
country, the Federal Government provides
felony law enforcement concerning crimes
by or against Indians. Certain areas of
Indian country are under Public Law
83-280, as amended. P.L. 280 conferred
jurisdiction on certain States over “Indian
country” and suspended enforcement of
the Major Crimes Act (18 U.S.C. § 1153)
and the General Crimes Act (18 U.S.C. §
1152) in those areas. Indian tribes retain

(1) Detain in a humane condition (2) 36-hour holding only
(1) Detain in a humane condition (2) One hour of exercise for inmates
(1) Detain in a humane condition (2) Overcrowding
Separate adults and juveniles by sight and sound

concurrent jurisdiction to enforce laws in
Indian country where P.L. 280 applies.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
conducted the Survey of Jails in Indian
Country (SJIC) to describe all adult and
juvenile jail facilities and detention centers
in Indian country. For purposes of this
report, Indian country includes reservations, pueblos, rancherias, and other
appropriate areas (18 U.S.C. § 1151).
The reference date for the survey was
June 29, 2001.
The SJIC was initiated in 1998 as a
component of the Annual Survey of
Jails (ASJ). The ASJ is conducted in
each of the years between the Census
of Jails. The 2001 ASJ consisted of a
sample survey of 878 local jail jurisdictions,
a survey of the Nation’s 47 multijurisdictional facilities, and a survey of
the 68 facilities in Indian country.
(For sampling information, see Prison
and Jails Inmates at Midyear 2001, BJS
Bulletin, April 2002, NCJ 191702.)

In 1998 the Office of Law Enforcement
Services, Bureau of Indian Affairs
(BIA), U.S. Department of the Interior,
provided a complete list of 74 Indian
country jail facilities. The list included
detention centers, jails, and other correctional facilities, operated by tribal authorities or the BIA. Since 1998, 2 facilities
were abandoned, 3 were closed, and 2
were combined into 1 facility, resulting in
68 surveyed facilities. The facilities are in
18 States and are affiliated with 53 tribes.
Data were obtained by mailed questionnaires. Through follow-up phone calls
and facsimiles, the survey achieved a
100% response rate. In addition,
construction plans for facilities funded
under the Correctional Facilities on Tribal
Lands Discretionary Grant Program were
obtained from the Corrections Program
Office, Office of Justice Programs.

Jails in Indian Country, 2001 15

The Bureau of Justice Statistics
is the statistical agency of the
U.S. Department of Justice.
Lawrence A. Greenfeld is
acting director.
BJS Bulletins present the first release
of findings from permanent data
collection programs.
Todd D. Minton collected and processed
the data and wrote this report under the
supervision of Allen J. Beck.

U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Statistics
Washington, DC 20531

Official Business
Penalty for Private Use $300

16 Jails in Indian Country, 2001

Michael Dever, Corrections Program
Office, Norena Henry, Director, American
Indian and Alaska Native Desk, Office of
Justice Programs, and Tracy Toulou,
Director, Office of Tribal Justice, U.S.
Department of Justice, reviewed the
report. Jennifer C. Karberg provided
statistical review and verification. Tom
Hester and Tina Dorsey edited the report,
and Jayne Robinson provided the final
production.

This report in portable document
format and in ASCII, its tables,
survey questionnaire, and related
statistical data are available at the
BJS World Wide Web Internet site:
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/

May 2002, NCJ 193400

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