Bojs Veterans in Prison or Jail 2000
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U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Revised 9/29/00 Bureau of Justice Statistics Special Report January 2000, NCJ 178888 Veterans in Prison or Jail By Christopher J. Mumola BJS Policy Analyst In 1998 there were an estimated 25,062,400 veterans in the United States population, including 225,700 veterans held in the Nation’s prisons and jails. Males comprised 95% of all veterans and 99% of those veterans in prison and jail. Among adult males in 1998, there were 937 incarcerated veterans per 100,000 veteran residents, up from 571 per 100,000 in 1985. Despite the increase, male veterans were incarcerated at less than half the rate of adult male nonveterans (1,971 per 100,000) in 1998. Since 1985 the number of U.S. veterans has declined by nearly 3 million, an average decline of 1% per year. The number of male veterans dropped from 26,962,000 in 1985 to 23,834,100 in 1998, while the number of female veterans rose from 1,044,700 to 1,228,300. The number in prison or jail rose from 154,600 in 1985 to 225,700 in 1998, an increase of 46%. However, during this period the number of nonveteran inmates rose 172%. Veterans accounted for 12% of all inmates in 1998, down from 21% in 1985. These data are based on interviews with national samples of inmates. In responses to the 1997 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities and the 1996 Survey of Inmates in Local Jails, inmates provided information on their military service, as well as their criminal history and personal background. Highlights Over 225,000 veterans held in Nation’s prisons or jails in 1998 Prison Estimated number of veteran inmates 1998 1985 100,200 156,400 Local jail 54,400 69,300 Prison Federal State Percent of inmates reporting military service 1997 1986 24.9% 14.5% 20.2 12.5 Local jail 1983 21.2% 1996 11.7% $ 1 in every 6 incarcerated veterans were not honorably discharged from the military. $ About 20% of veterans in prison or jail reported seeing combat duty during their military service. $ In 1998, an estimated 56,500 Vietnam War-era veterans and 18,500 Persian Gulf War-era veterans were held in State and Federal prisons. Veterans more likely than others to be in prison for a violent offense but less likely to be serving a sentence for drugs Offense Violent Property Drug Public-order State prisoners, 1997 Veterans Nonveterans 55.1% 46.1% 20.3 22.2 14.4 21.5 10.2 9.8 Violent Property Drug Public-order Average maximum sentence 264 mo 214 mo 123 116 118 107 86 79 $ About 35% of veterans in State prison, compared to 20% of nonveterans, were convicted of homicide or sexual assault. $ Veterans (30%) were more likely than other State prisoners (23%) to be first-time offenders. $ Among violent State prisoners, the average sentence of veterans was 50 months longer than the average of nonveterans. Veterans in State prison reported higher levels of alcohol abuse, lower levels of drug abuse, than other prisoners State prisoners, 1997 Veterans Nonveterans Drug use in month before offense Alcohol dependent Identified as mentally ill Homeless at some time in 12 months before arrest 45.4% 30.6% 58.1% 23.6% 19.3% 15.8% 12.4% 10.3% $ Veterans in State prison (26%) were less likely than other State prisoners (34%) to report having used drugs at the time of their offense. $ Nearly 60% of veterans in State prison had driven drunk in the past, compared to 45% of other inmates. $ About 70% of veterans, compared to 54% of other State prisoners, had been working full-time before arrest. " $ " C ! D% E- % & 7 !' - - '4- --- 2 / -6 --061 '2 - % % 2- '! 2'2 ''5 %!6 -% 3 & + 2- -' ) 2'% - 3 ' F(, -% ! , - 7 ! $, - +6 2 2'- %% 2 2 % 07 % 2' !'.1 -% +!# 4 -' 5 2 ) 22 ) ' .", . . " -% !( 7 (#", ($ $ . 4 ' -% & 2 2'9 / '' %2 % 2 %' % - /- / 2 '! 2!2! , - (!#"" -- 3 2 ' '- &7 '- ' 2'0' 3 2!2 ! 2!' 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