Doj Capital Punishment Statistics 2008
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U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Bureau of Justice Statistics Statistical Tables December 2009, NCJ 228662 Capital Punishment, 2008 - Statistical Tables Tracy L. Snell BJS Statistician Presents characteristics of persons under sentence of death on December 31, 2008, and persons executed in 2008. Preliminary data on executions by states during 2009 are included. Tables present state-by-state information on the movement of prisoners into and out of death sentence status during 2008, status of capital statutes, and methods of execution. Numerical tables also summarize data on offenders characteristics such as gender, race, Hispanic origin, age at time of arrest for capital offense, legal status at time of capital offense, and time between imposition of death sentence and execution. Data are from the National Prisoner Statistics (NPS-8) series. Highlights • In 2008, 37 inmates were executed: 18 in Texas; 4 in Virginia; 3 each in Georgia and South Carolina; 2 each in Florida, Mississippi, Ohio, and Oklahoma; and 1 in Kentucky. • 36 executions were by lethal injection; 1 by electrocution. • Of persons executed in 2008, 20 were white and 17 were black. All 37 inmates executed were men. • Thirty-seven states and the federal government had capital statutes at yearend 2008. • As of November 30, 2009, 48 executions had been carried out, 12 more than the number executed as of the same date in 2008. • Between 1977 and 2008, 7,658 people have been under sentence of death. Of these, 15% were executed, 5% died from causes other than execution, and 38% received other dispositions. • A total of 111 inmates were received under sentence of death during 2008, representing the smallest number of admissions since 1973. • A total of 119 inmates were removed from under sentence of death—37 were executed and 82 were removed by other methods, including sentences or convictions overturned, commutations of sentence, and deaths by means other than execution. This publication is one in a series. For a list of all publications in this series go to www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/ 2008 statistical tables Table 1. Capital offenses, by state, 2008 Table 2. Method of execution, by state, 2008 Table 3. Federal capital offenses, 2008 Table 4. Prisoners under sentence of death, by region, jurisdiction, and race, 2007 and 2008 Table 5. Demographic characteristics of prisoners under sentence of death, 2008 Table 6. Hispanics and women under sentence of death, by jurisdiction, 2007 and 2008 Table 7. Age at time of arrest for capital offense and age of prisoners under sentence of death at yearend 2008 Table 8. Criminal history profile of prisoners under sentence of death, by race and Hispanic origin, 2008 Table 9. Number of persons executed, by jurisdiction, 1930-2008 Table 10. Executions and other dispositions of inmates sentenced to death, by race and Hispanic origin, 1977-2008 Table 11. Time under sentence of death and execution, by race, 1977-2008 Table 12. Women under sentence of death, by race and jurisdiction, 12/31/08 Table 13. Persons under sentence of death, by gender, race, and Hispanic origin, 12/31/08 Table 14. Number of inmates received under sentence of death, 1993-2008 Table 15. Number of persons executed, by year, 1977-2008 Table 16. Number of persons executed, by race, Hispanic origin, and method, 1977-2008 Table 17. Elapsed time since sentencing for inmates under sentence of death on 12/31/08, by gender, race, and Hispanic origin Table 18. Advance count of executions: January 1, 2009 - November 30, 2009 2 Capital Punishment, 2008 - Statistical Tables Table 1. Capital offenses, by state, 2008 State Offense Alabama Intentional murder with 18 aggravating factors (Ala. Stat. Ann. 13A-5-40(a)(1)-(18)). Arizona First-degree murder accompanied by at least 1 of 14 aggravating factors (A.R.S. § 13-703(F)). Arkansas Capital murder (Ark. Code Ann. 5-10-101) with a finding of at least 1 of 10 aggravating circumstances; treason. California First-degree murder with special circumstances; sabotage; train wrecking causing death; treason; perjury causing execution of an innocent person; fatal assault by a prisoner serving a life sentence. Colorado First-degree murder with at least 1 of 17 aggravating factors; first-degree kidnapping resulting in death; treason. Connecticut Capital felony with 8 forms of aggravated homicide (C.G.S. § 53a-54b). Delaware First-degree murder with at least 1 statutory aggravating circumstance (11 Del. C. § 4209). Florida First-degree murder; felony murder; capital drug trafficking; capital sexual battery. Georgia Murder; kidnapping with bodily injury or ransom when the victim dies; aircraft hijacking; treason. Idaho First-degree murder with aggravating factors; first-degree kidnapping; perjury resulting in death. Illinois First-degree murder with 1 of 21 aggravating circumstances (720 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/9-1). Indiana Murder with 16 aggravating circumstances (IC 35-50-2-9). Kansas Capital murder with 8 aggravating circumstances (KSA 21-3439, KSA 21-4625, KSA 21-4636). Kentucky Murder with aggravating factors; kidnapping with aggravating factors (KRS 32.025). a Louisiana First-degree murder; treason (La. R.S. 14:30 and 14:113). Maryland First-degree murder, either premeditated or during the commission of a felony, provided that certain death eligibility requirements are satisfied. Mississippi Capital murder (Miss. Code Ann. § 97-3-19(2)); aircraft piracy (Miss. Code Ann. § 97-25-55(1)). Missouri First-degree murder (565.020 RSMO 2000). Montana Capital murder with 1 of 9 aggravating circumstances (Mont. Code Ann. § 46-18-303); aggravated sexual intercourse without consent (Mont. Code Ann. § 45-5-503). Nebraska b First-degree murder with a finding of at least 1 statutorily-defined aggravating circumstance. Nevada First-degree murder with at least 1 of 15 aggravating circumstances (NRS 200.030, 200.033, 200.035). New Hampshire Murder committed in the course of rape, kidnapping, or drug crimes; killing of a law enforcement officer; murder for hire; murder by an inmate while serving a sentence of life without parole (RSA 630:1, RSA 630:5). New Mexico First-degree murder with at least 1 of 7 statutorily-defined aggravating circumstances (Section 30-2-1 A, NMSA). c New York First-degree murder with 1 of 13 aggravating factors (NY Penal Law §125.27). North Carolina First-degree murder (NCGS §14-17). Ohio Aggravated murder with at least 1 of 10 aggravating circumstances (O.R.C. secs. 2903.01, 2929.02, and 2929.04). Oklahoma First-degree murder in conjunction with a finding of at least 1 of 8 statutorily-defined aggravating circumstances; sex crimes against a child under 14 years of age. Oregon Aggravated murder (ORS 163.095). Pennsylvania First-degree murder with 18 aggravating circumstances. South Carolina Murder with 1 of 12 aggravating circumstances (§ 16-3-20(C)(a)); criminal sexual conduct with a minor with 1 of 9 aggravators (§ 16-3-655). South Dakotad First-degree murder with 1 of 10 aggravating circumstances. Revision: Revised the code ~of criminal procedure. Changes included establishing procedures to be used by circuit judges in determining whether to stop an execution because the inmate is mentally incompetent (SDCL § 23A-27A-22) and clarifying that persons carrying out executions are immune from civil and/or criminal liability (SDCL § 23A-27A-31.2), effective 7/1/2008. Tennessee First-degree murder with 1 of 15 aggravating circumstances (Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-204). Texas Criminal homicide with 1 of 9 aggravating circumstances (Tex. Penal Code § 19.03). Utahd Aggravated murder (76-5-202, Utah Code Annotated). Revision: Amended the criminal code to allow aggravating circumstances to be treated as separate acts from the capital offense which can be prosecuted as a separate offense (Utah Code Ann. § 76-5-202), effective 2/26/08. Virginia First-degree murder with 1 of 15 aggravating circumstances (VA Code § 18.2-31). Washington Aggravated first-degree murder. Wyoming First-degree murder; murder during the commission of sexual assault, sexual abuse of a minor, arson, robbery, escape, resisting arrest, kidnapping, or abuse of a minor under 16. a The United States Supreme Court struck a portion of the Louisiana capital statute on June 25, 2008 (Kennedy v. Louisiana, U.S. 128 S.Ct. 2641). The statute (La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 14:42(D)(2)) allowing execution as a punishment for the rape of a minor when no murder had been committed had been ruled constitutionally permissible by the Louisiana Supreme Court. The U.S. Supreme Court found that since no national consensus existed for application of the death penalty in cases of rape where no murder had been committed, such laws constiute cruel and unusual punishment under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. The ruling affects laws passed in Florida, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, and Montana. b The Nebraska Supreme Court struck a portion of the state’s capital statute on February 8, 2008 (State v. Mata, 745 N.W.2d 229, 278 (2008)). The court found that Nebraska’s electrocution procedure violated the state constitution’s prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. c The New York Court of Appeals has held that a portion of New York’s death penalty sentencing statute (CPL 400.27) was unconstitutional (People v. Taylor, 9 N.Y.3d 129 (2007)). As a result, no defendants can be sentenced to death until the legislature corrects the errors in this statute. d Two states revised statutory provisions relating to the death penalty during 2008. Table 2. Method of execution, by state, 2008 Lethal Injection Alabamaa Arizonaa,b Arkansas a,d California a Colorado Connecticut Delawarea,c Floridaa Electrocution Alabamaa Arkansas a,d Floridaa Illinois a,h Kentuckya,j Oklahomaf South Carolina a Tennesseea,k Virginiaa Lethal gas Arizonaa,b California a Missouria Wyoming i Hanging Delawarea,c New Hampshirea,e Washington a Firing Squad Idahoa Oklahomaf Utahg Georgia Idahoa Illinois a Indiana Kansas Kentuckya,j Louisiana Maryland Mississippi Missouria Montana Nevada New Hampshirea New Mexico New York North Carolina Ohio Oklahomaa Oregon Pennsylvania South Carolina a South Dakota Tennesseea,k Texas Utaha Virginiaa Washington a Wyoming a Note: The method of execution of Federal prisoners is lethal injection, pursuant to 28 CFR, Part 26. For offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, the execution method is that of the State in which the conviction took place (18 U.S.C. 3596). In February 2008, the Nebraska Supreme Court ruled that electrocution violated the state's constitution. As of 12/31/2008, Nebraska had no authorized method of execution. a Authorizes two methods of execution. b Authorizes lethal injection for persons sentenced after November 15, 1992; inmates sentenced before that date may select lethal injection or gas. c Authorizes lethal injection for those whose capital offense occurred on or after June 13, 1986; those who committed the offense before that date may select lethal injection or hanging. d Authorizes lethal injection for those whose offense occurred on or after July 4, 1983; inmates whose offense occurred before that date may select lethal injection or electrocution. e Authorizes hanging only if lethal injection cannot be given. f Authorizes electrocution if lethal injection is held to be unconstitutional, and firing squad if both lethal injection and electrocution are held to be unconstitutional. g Authorizes firing squad if lethal injection is held unconstitutional. Inmates who selected execution by firing squad prior to May 3, 2004, may still be entitled to execution by that method. h Authorizes electrocution only if lethal injection is held illegal or unconstitutional. i Authorizes lethal gas if lethal injection is held to be unconstitutional. j Authorizes lethal injection for persons sentenced on or after March 31, 1998; inmates sentenced before that date may select lethal injection or electrocution. k Authorizes lethal injection for those whose capital offense occurred after December 31, 1998; those who committed the offense before that date may select electrocution by written waiver. Table 3. Federal capital offenses, 2008 Statute 8 U.S.C. 1342 18 U.S.C. 32-34 18 U.S.C. 36 18 U.S.C. 37 18 U.S.C. 115(b)(3) [by crossreference to 18 U.S.C. 1111] 18 U.S.C. 241, 242, 245, 247 18 U.S.C. 351 [by cross-reference to 18 U.S.C. 1111] 18 U.S.C. 794 18 U.S.C. 844(d), (f), (i) 18 U.S.C. 924(i) 18 U.S.C. 930 18 U.S.C. 1091 18 U.S.C. 1111 18 U.S.C. 1114 18 U.S.C. 1116 18 U.S.C. 1118 18 U.S.C. 1119 18 U.S.C. 1120 18 U.S.C. 1121 18 U.S.C. 1201 18 U.S.C. 1203 18 U.S.C. 1503 18 U.S.C. 1512 18 U.S.C. 1513 18 U.S.C. 1716 18 U.S.C. 1751[by cross-reference to 18 U.S.C. 1111] 18 U.S.C. 1958 18 U.S.C. 1959 18 U.S.C. 1992 18 U.S.C. 2113 18 U.S.C. 2119 18 U.S.C. 2245 18 U.S.C. 2251 18 U.S.C. 2280 18 U.S.C. 2281 18 U.S.C. 2332 18 U.S.C. 2332a 18 U.S.C. 2340 18 U.S.C. 2381 21 U.S.C. 848(e) 49 U.S.C. 1472-1473 Description Murder related to the smuggling of aliens. Destruction of aircraft, motor vehicles, or related facilities resulting in death. Murder committed during a drug-related drive-by shooting. Murder committed at an airport serving international civil aviation. Retaliatory murder of a member of the immediate family of law enforcement officials. Civil rights offenses resulting in death. Murder of a member of Congress, an important executive official, or a Supreme Court Justice. Espionage. Death resulting from offenses involving transportation of explosives, destruction of government property, or destruction of property related to foreign or interstate commerce. Murder committed by the use of a firearm during a crime of violence or a drug-trafficking crime. Murder committed in a Federal Government facility. Genocide. First-degree murder. Murder of a federal judge or law enforcement official. Murder of a foreign official. Murder by a federal prisoner. Murder of a U.S. national in a foreign country. Murder by an escaped federal prisoner already sentenced to life imprisonment. Murder of a state or local law enforcement official or other person aiding in a federal investigation; murder of a state correctional officer. Murder during a kidnapping. Murder during a hostage taking. Murder of a court officer or juror. Murder with the intent of preventing testimony by a witness, victim, or informant. Retaliatory murder of a witness, victim, or informant. Mailing of injurious articles with intent to kill or resulting in death. Assassination or kidnapping resulting in the death of the President or Vice President. Murder for hire. Murder involved in a racketeering offense. Willful wrecking of a train resulting in death. Bank-robbery-related murder or kidnapping. Murder related to a carjacking. Murder related to rape or child molestation. Murder related to sexual exploitation of children. Murder committed during an offense against maritime navigation. Murder committed during an offense against a maritime fixed platform. Terrorist murder of a U.S. national in another country. Murder by the use of a weapon of mass destruction. Murder involving torture. Treason. Murder related to a continuing criminal enterprise or related murder of a federal, state, or local law enforcement officer. Death resulting from aircraft hijacking. Table 4. Prisoners under sentence of death, by region, jurisdiction, and race, 2007 and 2008 Region and jurisdiction Prisoners under sentence of death, 12/31/07 b Total White c Received under sentence of death, 2008 c Black b Total White c c Black Removed from death row (excluding executions), 2008a b Total White c c Black Prisoners under sentence of death, 12/31/08 Executed, 2008 b Total White c c Black b Total U.S. total 3,215 1,806 1,338 111 65 44 82 53 27 37 20 17 3,207 Federald 48 21 26 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 51 State 3,167 1,785 1,312 108 63 43 82 53 27 37 20 17 3,156 Northeast 233 84 139 7 4 3 6 3 2 0 0 0 234 Connecticut 9 4 5 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 New Hampshire 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 New York 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 224 80 134 5 4 1 6 3 2 0 0 0 223 Midwest 272 144 125 14 8 6 14 8 6 2 1 1 270 Illinois 13 8 5 3 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 15 Indiana 14 11 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 13 Kansas 7 3 4 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 8 Missouri 45 25 20 6 3 3 1 0 1 0 0 0 50 Nebraska 9 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Ohio 181 86 92 3 0 3 10 5 5 2 1 1 172 South Dakota 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 South 1,732 952 757 58 33 25 49 32 16 35 19 16 1,706 Alabama 199 106 93 9 3 6 3 2 1 0 0 0 205 Arkansas 38 14 24 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 Delaware 19 10 9 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 Florida 388 255 133 16 11 5 12 10 2 2 1 1 390 Georgia 106 59 46 3 1 2 1 1 0 3 2 1 105 Kentucky 38 31 7 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 36 Louisiana 85 31 53 3 1 2 4 4 0 0 0 0 84 Maryland 5 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Mississippi 65 32 32 0 0 0 3 2 1 2 2 0 60 North Carolina 166 69 88 1 0 1 6 3 3 0 0 0 161 Oklahoma 80 43 33 9 4 5 2 0 2 2 2 0 85 South Carolina 59 23 36 4 4 0 2 1 1 3 1 2 58 Tennessee 96 56 38 0 0 0 9 7 2 0 0 0 87 Texas 367 214 148 9 7 2 4 2 1 18 9 9 354 Virginia 21 8 13 0 0 0 2 0 2 4 1 3 15 West 930 605 291 29 18 9 13 10 3 0 0 0 946 Arizona 117 100 14 6 5 0 4 3 1 0 0 0 119 California 655 389 238 20 12 7 6 4 2 0 0 0 669 Colorado 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Idaho 17 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 Montana 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Nevada 82 50 31 1 0 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 81 New Mexico 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Oregon 35 31 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 Utah 9 7 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 Washington 8 5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Wyoming 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 Note: Some figures shown for yearend 2007 are revised from those reported in Capital Punishment, 2007 - Statistical Tables, NCJ 224528.The revised figures include 6 inmates who were either reported late to the National Prisoner Statistics program or were not in custody of State correctional authorities on 12/31/07 (3 in Pennsylvania and 1 each in Georgia, Virginia, and Arizona). The revised figures also exclude 11 inmates who were relieved of a death sentence before 12/31/07 (5 in Texas and 1 each in Ohio, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Nevada). a Includes 16 deaths from natural causes (3 each in Pennsylvania, Florida, and North Carolina; 2 each in Alabama and California; and 1 each in Ohio, Tennessee, and Nevada) and 7 deaths from suicide (2 each in Texas and California; and 1 each in Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Florida). b Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders. c The reporting of race and Hispanic origin differs from that presented in tables 8 and 10. In this table counts of white and black inmates include persons of Hispanic/Latino origin. d Excludes persons held under Armed Forces jurisdiction with a military death sentence for murder. White c 1,798 23 1,775 85 4 0 0 81 143 10 10 4 28 8 80 3 934 107 16 10 255 57 30 28 1 28 66 45 25 49 210 7 613 102 397 0 17 2 48 2 31 8 5 1 c Black 1,338 27 1,311 140 6 1 0 133 124 5 3 4 22 1 89 0 750 98 25 10 135 47 6 55 4 31 86 36 33 36 140 8 297 13 243 2 0 0 32 0 3 1 3 0 Table 5. Demographic characteristics of prisoners under sentence of death, 2008 Prisoners under sentence of death, 2008 Characteristic Yearend Admissions Removals Total inmates 3,207 111 119 Gender Male 98.2 % 97.3 % 99.2 Female 1.8 2.7 0.8 Racea White 56.1 % 58.6 % 61.3 Black 41.7 39.6 37.0 All other races b 2.2 1.8 1.7 Hispanic origin Hispanic 13.2 % 19.8 % 8.1 Non-Hispanic 86.8 80.2 91.9 Number unknown 384 5 8 Education 8th grade or less 13.5 % 17.1 % 19.2 9th-11th grade 36.5 31.7 36.4 High school graduate/GED 40.8 41.5 35.4 Any college 9.2 9.8 9.1 Median 12th 12th 11th Number unknown 528 29 20 Marital status Married 22.2 % 18.3 % 20.2 Divorced/separated 20.1 19.5 27.9 Widowed 2.9 4.9 1.9 Never married 54.7 57.3 50.0 Number unknown 371 29 15 Note: Calculations are based on those cases for which data were reported. Detail may not add to total due to rounding. a Includes persons of Hispanic/Latino origin. b At yearend 2008, inmates in "all other races" consisted of 27 American Indians, 35 Asians, and 9 self-identified Hispanics. During 2008, 1 American Indian and 1 Asian were admitted; and 1 Asian and 1 self-identified Hispanic were removed. % % % % % Table 6. Hispanics and women under sentence of death, by jurisdiction, 2007 and 2008 Jurisdiction Under sentence of death, 12/31/07 a Hispanics Women Received under sentence of death, 2008 Hispanics Women Death sentence removed, 2008 b Hispanics Women U.S. total 361 56 21 3 Federal 4 1 0 1 Alabama 1 4 1 0 Arizona 17 2 2 0 California 144 15 8 0 Connecticut 1 0 0 0 Delaware 2 0 0 0 Florida 32 0 1 1 Georgia 2 1 0 0 Idaho 1 1 0 0 Illinois 2 0 0 0 Indiana 1 1 0 0 Kentucky 1 1 0 0 Louisiana 1 2 1 0 Mississippi 0 3 0 0 Nebraska 3 0 0 0 Nevada 7 0 0 0 New Mexico 1 0 0 0 North Carolina 4 5 0 0 Ohio 5 2 0 0 Oklahoma 2 1 0 0 Oregon 2 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 21 5 2 0 South Carolina 0 0 1 0 Tennessee 1 2 0 0 Texas 104 9 4 1 Utah 2 0 1 0 Virginia 0 1 0 0 a The count of Hispanics under sentence of death at yearend 2007 has been revised. b Includes 3 Hispanic men in Texas who were executed in 2008. 9 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Under sentence of death, 12/31/08 Hispanics Women 373 4 2 18 151 1 2 33 2 1 2 1 1 2 0 3 7 1 4 5 2 2 21 1 1 103 3 0 58 2 4 2 15 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 3 0 0 0 5 1 1 0 5 0 2 10 0 1 Table 7. Age at time of arrest for capital offense and age of prisoners under sentence of death at yearend 2008 Age Prisoners under sentence of death At time of arrest On December 31, 2008 Number* Percent Number Percent Total number under sentence of death on 12/31/08 2,957 100 % 3,207 19 or younger 311 10.5 0 20-24 811 27.4 44 25-29 682 23.1 222 30-34 507 17.1 388 35-39 317 10.7 564 40-44 172 5.8 543 45-49 93 3.1 575 50-54 36 1.2 394 55-59 21 0.7 245 60-64 5 0.2 161 65 or older 2 0.1 71 Mean age 29 yrs. 43 yrs. Median age 27 yrs. 43 yrs. Note: The youngest person under sentence of death was a black male in Texas, born in June 1988 and sentenced to death in June 2007. The oldest person under sentence of death was a white male in Arizona, born in September 1915 and sentenced to death in June 1983. *Excludes 250 inmates for whom the date of arrest for capital offense was not available. 100 % 1.4 6.9 12.1 17.6 16.9 17.9 12.3 7.6 5.0 2.2 Table 8. Criminal history profile of prisoners under sentence of death, by race and Hispanic origin, 2008 Percent of prisoners under sentence of death a All White c Blackc Hispanic b U.S. total Prior felony convictions Yes No Number unknown Prior homicide convictions Yes No Number unknown Legal status at time of capital offense Charges pending Probation Parole On escape Incarcerated Other status None Number unknown a 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 65.5 % 34.5 260 61.8 % 38.2 71.1 % 28.9 61.7 % 38.3 8.3 % 91.7 52 8.4 % 91.6 8.7 % 91.3 6.5 % 93.5 7.8 % 10.6 15.3 1.4 3.7 0.4 60.8 347 8.9 % 8.9 13.2 1.9 4.1 0.4 62.6 7.5 % 12.3 16.3 0.9 3.6 0.4 59.0 5.0 % 11.5 19.8 1.5 2.7 0.3 59.3 Percentages are based on those offenders for whom data were reported. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. b Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders. c Excludes persons of Hispanic/Latino origin. Table 9. Number of persons executed, by jurisdiction, 1930-2008 Jurisdiction U.S. total Texas Georgia New York North Carolina California Florida South Carolina Ohio Virginia Alabama Mississippi Louisiana Pennsylvania Oklahoma Arkansas Missouri Kentucky Illinois Tennessee New Jersey Maryland Arizona Indiana Washington Colorado Nevada District of Columbia West Virginia Federal system Massachusetts Delaware Connecticut Oregon Utah Iowa Kansas Montana New Mexico Wyoming Nebraska Idaho Vermont South Dakota New Hampshire Number executed Since 1930 Since 1977 4,995 720 409 329 306 305 236 202 200 194 173 164 160 155 148 145 128 106 102 97 74 73 61 60 51 48 41 40 40 36 27 26 22 21 19 18 15 9 9 8 7 4 4 2 1 1,136 423 43 0 43 13 66 40 28 102 38 10 27 3 88 27 66 3 12 4 0 5 23 19 4 1 12 0 0 3 0 14 1 2 6 0 0 3 1 1 3 1 0 1 0 Table 10. Executions and other dispositions of inmates sentenced to death, by race and Hispanic origin, 1977-2008 Race/Hispanic origin Total White c Blackc Hispanic All other races c,d Total under sentence of death 1977-2008 b 7,658 3,726 3,139 673 120 Prisoners executed Percent of total Number 1,136 648 390 84 14 14.8 % 17.4 % 12.4 12.5 11.7 Prisoners who received other dispositions a Percent of total Number 3,315 1,631 1,421 216 47 a Includes persons removed from a sentence of death because of statutes struck down on appeal, sentences or convictions vacated, commutations, or death by other than execution. b Includes 6 persons sentenced to death prior to 1977 who were still under sentence of death on 12/31/08; 374 persons sentenced to death prior to 1977 whose death sentence was removed between 1977 and 12/31/08; and 7,278 persons sentenced to death between 1977 and 2008. c Excludes persons of Hispanic/Latino origin. d Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders. 43.3 % 43.8 45.3 32.1 39.2 Table 11. Time under sentence of death and execution, by race, 1977-2008 Year of execution Total 1977-83 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 All races a 1,136 11 21 18 18 25 11 16 23 14 31 38 31 56 45 74 68 98 85 66 71 65 59 60 53 42 37 Number executed White b Blackb 728 9 13 11 11 13 6 8 16 7 19 23 20 33 31 45 48 61 49 48 53 44 39 41 32 28 20 Note: Average time was calculated from the most recent sentencing date. a Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders. b Includes persons of Hispanic/Latino origin. 393 2 8 7 7 12 5 8 7 7 11 14 11 22 14 27 18 33 35 17 18 20 19 19 21 14 17 Average elapsed time from sentence to execution for all inmates 128 mo 51 mo 74 71 87 86 80 95 95 116 114 113 122 134 125 133 130 143 137 142 127 131 132 147 145 153 139 Table 12. Women under sentence of death, by race and jurisdiction, 12/31/2008 Jurisdiction All races a White b Blackb Total 58 40 15 California 15 11 2 Texas 10 6 4 Pennsylvania 5 2 3 North Carolina 5 2 2 Alabama 4 2 2 Mississippi 3 3 0 Federal 2 2 0 Louisiana 2 1 1 Tennessee 2 2 0 Arizona 2 2 0 Ohio 1 1 0 Florida 1 1 0 Georgia 1 1 0 Kentucky 1 1 0 Oklahoma 1 1 0 Virginia 1 1 0 Idaho 1 1 0 Indiana 1 0 1 a Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders. b Excludes persons of Hispanic/Latino origin. Table 13. Persons under sentence of death, by gender, race, and Hispanic origin, 12/31/2008 Persons under sentence of death Male Female White 1,758 40 Hispanic 347 4 Black 1,323 15 Hispanic 10 0 All other races* 68 3 Hispanic 10 2 *Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders. Table 14. Number of inmates received under sentence of death, 1993-2008 Year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Inmates received 295 328 326 323 281 306 284 235 167 169 154 140 138 122 119 111 Table 15. Number of persons executed, by year, 1977-2008 Year 1977 1979 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Number of inmates executed 1 2 1 2 5 21 18 18 25 11 16 23 14 31 38 31 56 45 74 68 98 85 66 71 65 59 60 53 42 37 Table 16. Number of persons executed, by race, Hispanic origin, and method, 1977-2008 Method of execution White* Number of persons executed American Indian* Black* Hispanic Total 648 390 Lethal injection 553 317 Electrocution 82 70 Lethal gas 8 3 Hanging 3 0 Firing squad 2 0 *Excludes persons of Hispanic/Latino origin. 84 82 2 0 0 0 8 7 1 0 0 0 Asian* 6 6 0 0 0 0 Table 17. Elapsed time since sentencing for inmates under sentence of death on 12/31/2008, by gender, race, and Hispanic origin Elapsed time since sentencing Inmates under sentence of death Mean Median Total 147 mo 141 mo Male 148 142 Female 110 107 White* 150 145 Black* 149 144 Hispanic 131 122 Note: For those persons sentenced to death more than once, the data are based on the most recent death sentence. *Excludes persons of Hispanic/Latino origin. Table 18. Advance count of executions: January 1, 2009 - November 30, 2009 Jurisdiction Number of executions Texas Alabama Ohio Georgia Oklahoma Virginia Florida South Carolina Missouri Tennessee 23 6 4 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 Total 48 Note: Of the 48 execution carried out during this period, 47 were by lethal injection; 1 execution in Virginia was carried out by electrocution.