Drug Abuse and Policy Survey Results 2001
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Page 1 Survey on Drug Abuse and Drug Policy Summary of Results September, 2001 Conducted by: Ridder/Braden, Inc. Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 2 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. Methodology This survey was conducted by Ridder/Braden, Inc. and was commissioned by the Colorado Criminal Justice Reform Coalition with funding provided by the Lindesmith Center – Drug Policy Foundation. The objective of this study was to measure voter attitudes and opinions toward issues relating to drug abuse and drug policy in Colorado. The Interview Respondents were interviewed by telephone. Interviews were conducted between July 25th and July 30th of 2001. The telephone interviewers were professionals independently hired by Ridder/Braden to ensure the complete integrity of the survey. Sample A random sample of 500 voters were drawn from the list of registered voters in the state of Colorado. In order to capture the attitudes and opinions of active voters, only those who said that they were absolutely certain, very likely, or would possibly vote in the 2002 elections were included in this survey. Those voters who responded that they were not very likely or not at all likely to vote were excluded from the sample. Sample Bias Every survey contains some respondents who will refuse to speak to the professional interviewer. A lower response rate among certain types of individuals can result in a sample wherein certain types of individuals are over-represented or under-represented. The potential for sampling bias increases as the response rate decreases. Ridder/Braden, Inc. often sets quotas for various segments of the population which are historically undercounted. This effort should minimize, but not necessarily eliminate sampling bias. Margin of Error A sample size of 501 at a 95% confidence level provides a maximum margin of error of approximately plus or minus 4.38%. This means that in 95 of 100 cases, the results based on a sample of 501 will differ by no more than 4.38 percentage points in either direction from what would have been obtained by interviewing active voters in Colorado. For More Information, Please Contact: CCJRC c/o Rocky Mountain Peace & Justice Center P.O. Box 1156 Boulder, CO 80306 (303) 444-6981 Copies of this report are available at: www.prison-moratorium.org Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 3 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. Key Findings Colorado Voters Believe “We are Losing the War on Drugs.” Ø 83% of Colorado voters believe that we are losing the war on drugs. The majority of voters believe the war on drugs has been ineffective in reducing drug use and supply in Colorado. These results were consistent across all demographic categories. Ø 88% of voters believe that we will never be able to stop drugs from coming into this country until demand is reduced. A similarly high 85% believe that the current war on drugs is dealing with symptoms of drug abuse but failing to solve the underlying causes. Ø These results were consistent across all demographic categories. Colorado Voters View Addiction More as a Health Problem than a Crime Ø A clear majority (59%) of voters view addiction primarily as a health problem. Only 11% view drug addiction primarily as a crime. Another 16% responded “both.” Colorado Voters Believe Treatment is an Effective Solution and Support Increasing Funding Ø 86% of voters believe that providing treatment and education to people with a drug problem would be effective in reducing drug use. 80% of voters also believe that providing effective treatment would help reduce drug related crime. Ø 74% of voters support increasing funding to expand the availability of drug treatment. The results were consistent across all demographic categories. Ø Voters believe that State funding is currently too heavily weighted towards criminal justice, and over three-quarters (77%) favored increasing the amount spent on education, prevention, and treatment. Only 12% thought the current ratio was appropriate and even fewer voters (5%) favored increasing the percentage spent on criminal justice. Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 4 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. Colorado Voters Favor Reducing Sentences for Drug Possession Ø Voters were asked what they thought the sentence should be for someone convicted of possession of small quantities of drugs. 60% said treatment and supervision was an appropriate sentence, while 21% favored incarceration. Ø Nearly three-quarters (73%) of voters believe that we should decrease criminal penalties for possession of small quantities of drugs from a felony to a misdemeanor and spend the money saved on prison costs to increase drug treatment and prevention programs. A majority of voters in every demographic category favored the reduction in criminal penalties. Ø A strong majority (85%) of voters agree that a person convicted of possession should be allowed to remain in the community under supervision, like an alcoholic, so long as they do not commit other crimes. Colorado Voters Rank Prison Expansion Low on Funding Priorities Ø There is very little support from voters to decrease funding for education, state colleges and universities, roads and highways and public health programs to fund prison expansion. Conclusion Ø Colorado voters clearly view the current war on drugs as a failure and view addiction as primarily a health problem, not a crime. Voters are also strongly supportive of increasing the emphasis on funding for treatment and prevention as well as decreasing sentences for drug possession. Voters believe these reforms would be effective in reducing both drug use and drug related crime in Colorado. Page 5 Voter Response to Specific Questions on the Effectiveness of the War on Drugs Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 6 Voters were asked to agree or disagree with the following statement: “We are losing the war on drugs.” Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. 61% 70% 60% 50% 40% 83% either strongly or somewhat agreed with the statement. These results are consistent across all demographic categories. 22% 30% 20% 8% 4% 5% Strongly Disagree DK/NA 10% 0% Strongly Agree Somewhat Agree Somewhat Disagree ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— . Gender Age Party Affiliation Type of Community Ethnicity —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Total ————— Base 500 Male Female 18-34 35-45 46-55 56-64 65+ Dem SubRural/ Caucas Rep Unaff. Urban urban town ian Black Latino Other —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— 239 48% 262 52% 84 17% 116 23% 125 25% 69 14% 100 20% 170 34% 191 38% 139 28% 139 28% 214 43% 140 28% 405 81% 23 5% 53 11% 19 4% 61% 60% 62% 51% 57% 62% 80% 61% 64% 64% 54% 62% 61% 62% 64% 50% 43% 56% 22 22 22 29 21 21 13 23 21 21 24 20 24 20 21 13 35 23 Somewhat Disagree 8 8 8 8 16 6 3 4 6 8 10 9 6 10 7 13 14 9 Strongly Disagree 4 5 3 3 3 7 0 5 5 3 5 1 5 4 3 25 3 9 DK/NA 5 5 8 3 4 3 7 3 4 6 8 3 4 5 0 5 4 Strongly Agree Somewhat Agree 5 Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 7 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. Voters were asked to agree or disagree with the following statements: “We will never be able to stop drugs from coming into “The current “war on drugs” is dealing with symptoms this country until demand is reduced.” of drug abuse but failing to solve underlying causes.” Smwt Disagree 6% Smwt Stg Disagree DK/NA Disagree 4% 3% 5% Smwt Agree Stg Disagree DK/NA 2% 6% Smwt Agree 27% 18% Strongly agree 70% 88% strongly or somewhat agree that we will never stop the flow of drugs into this country until demand is reduced. Strongly Agree 58% 85% strongly or somewhat agree that the current war on drugs is failing to solve the underlying causes of drug abuse. Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 8 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. Very Effective 2% DK/NA 12% Voters were asked: “How Effective has the War on Drugs Been in Reducing Drug Use in Colorado?” 59% of voters believe that the war on drugs has been ineffective in reducing drug use in Colorado. Only 2% of voters believe that the war on drugs has been very effective, and another 27% believe it has been somewhat effective. Not at all Effective 20% Somewhat Effective 27% Not Very Effective 39% ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————------------------------------------------------------------------------------------— Gender Age Party Affiliation Type of Community Ethnicity —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Male Female 18-34 35-45 46-55 56-64 ————— Base 500 65+ Dem SubRural/ Caucas Rep Unaff. Urban urban town ian Black Latino Other Total —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— 239 48% 262 52% 84 17% 116 23% 125 25% 69 14% 100 20% 170 34% 191 38% 139 28% 139 28% 214 43% 140 28% 405 81% 23 5% 53 11% 19 4% Very effective 2% 1% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 3% 1% 0% 1% 3% 1% 1% 0% 8% 4% Somewhat effective 27 30 24 30 29 24 30 23 24 29 27 23 26 31 24 50 35 23 Not very effective 39 41 38 34 39 47 38 37 39 41 37 39 41 38 42 25 30 30 Not at all effective 20 19 21 20 19 19 20 22 25 11 26 23 19 19 20 13 22 19 DK/NA/Refused 12 9 15 14 11 9 10 16 9 17 10 14 12 10 13 13 5 25 Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 9 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. DK/NA 14% Voters were asked: “How effective has the war on drugs been in reducing drug supply in Colorado?” Very Effective 3% Somewhat Effective 22% Not at all Effective 25% 61% of voters believe that the war on drugs has been ineffective in reducing the supply of drugs. Only 3% believe it has been very effective and another 22% believe it has been somewhat effective. Not Very Effective 36% —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————-------------------------------—---------------------------------------------- Gender Age Party Affiliation Type of Community Ethnicity —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Total ————— Base 500 Male Female 18-34 35-45 46-55 56-64 65+ Dem Sub Rural/ Caucas Rep Unaff. Urban urban town ian Black Latino Other —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— 239 48% 262 52% 84 17% 116 23% 125 25% 69 14% 100 20% 170 34% 191 38% 139 28% 139 28% 214 43% 140 28% 405 81% 23 5% 53 11% 19 4% Very effective 3% 2% 4% 4% 2% 3% 5% 3% 4% 2% 2% 2% 4% 3% 2% 0% 11% 0% Somewhat effective 22 25 18 20 23 21 21 23 21 23 20 22 21 22 19 38 30 23 Not very effective 36 38 34 41 36 33 35 34 34 38 36 34 33 41 37 25 35 37 Not at all effective 25 24 27 19 23 33 26 24 28 20 29 26 27 22 27 25 19 14 DK/NA/Refused 14 11 17 16 16 11 14 16 12 17 13 15 14 12 15 13 5 26 Page 10 Voters General Perceptions on Drug Addiction Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 11 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. 59% Voters were asked: “In general, do you view a person with a drug problem as a criminal who should be punished by being sent to prison or as someone with a health problem who should receive treatment?” 60% 50% 40% 30% Nearly 60% of those surveyed view drug addiction primarily as a health problem. Only 11% view drug addiction primarily as a crime. 16% volunteered “both.” 16% 13% 11% 20% 10% 0% Criminal Health Prblm Depends Both ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Gender Age Party Affiliation Type of Community Ethnicity —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Total Male Female 18-34 35-45 46-55 56-64 65+ Dem Sub Rural/ Caucas Rep Unaff. Urban urban town ian Black Latino Other ————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— Base 500 239 48% 262 52% 84 17% 116 23% 125 25% 69 14% 100 20% 170 34% 191 38% 139 28% 139 28% 214 43% 140 28% 405 81% 23 5% 53 11% 19 4% Criminal/punishment 11% 11% 11% 7% 14% 17% 7% 7% 7% 15% 11% 11% 11% 11% 11% 25% 8% 12% Health problem/ treatment 59 54 63 68 59 49 63 60 70 45 64 57 58 61 58 63 68 58 Both 16 19 12 15 16 19 16 10 11 23 11 14 17 16 17 0 14 11 Depends 13 12 13 8 8 14 12 21 11 15 10 16 12 10 13 13 11 19 DK/NA 2 3 1 1 3 1 3 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 0 0 0 Page 12 Voter Opinion on the Effectiveness of Treatment and Level of Support for Increasing Funding for Treatment Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 13 Voters were asked: “In Colorado, publicly funded treatment is available for approximately 20% of those who need it. Would you support or oppose increasing state funding to greatly expand the availability of treatment for people with a drug problem?“ Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. DK/NA 6% Strongly Oppose 12% Strongly Support 41% Somewhat oppose 8% Nearly three-fourth’s (74%) of Colorado voters support increasing funding to greatly expand treatment programs. The support is consistently high, as at least two-third’s of the voters in every demographic category support increasing funding for treatment Somewhat support 33% ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— : Gender Age Party Affiliation Type of Community Ethnicity —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Male Female 18-34 35-45 46-55 56-64 ————— 65+ Dem SubRural/ Caucas Rep Unaff. Urban urban town ian Black Latino Other —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— Base 500 239 48% 262 52% 84 17% 116 23% 125 25% 69 14% 100 20% 170 34% 191 38% 139 28% 139 28% 214 43% 140 28% 405 81% 23 5% 53 11% 19 4% Strongly support 41% 40% 41% 52% 34% 47% 46% 28% 52% 29% 42% 44% 43% 35% 39% 50% 54% 37% Somewhat Support 33 30 35 30 36 29 33 38 26 37 37 33 32 35 34 25 24 47 Somewhat Oppose 8 10 7 6 10 10 3 9 7 10 7 7 6 11 9 0 8 9 Strongly Oppose 12 14 10 7 15 10 12 17 9 17 9 9 12 15 13 25 8 0 DK/NA/Refused 6 5 7 5 5 5 6 8 6 7 6 7 7 4 6 0 5 7 Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 14 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. Voters were asked: “80% of state drug control funding currently goes to the criminal justice system—law enforcement, courts, and prisons, while 20% goes to education, prevention and treatment. Do you believe that this is an appropriate ratio, do you believe we should increase the percentage spent on criminal justice, or do you believe we should increase the percentage spent on education, prevention, and treatment?” 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 77% 12% 7% 5% Appropriate Ratio Increase % spent on Criminal Justice Increase % spent on education & treatment DK/NA/Refused 77% of voters favor increasing the percentage of funding spent on education, prevention and treatment. Only 12% believe the current ratio is appropriate, and even fewer (5%) would increase the percentage spent on criminal justice. Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 15 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. Voters were asked about possible actions to reduce problem drug use and drug related crime. They were specifically asked: “How effective do you believe it would be to provide treatment to people with a drug problem and increase drug prevention and education programs?” 86% 100% 80% 60% Not at all effective 48% 11% 40% 20% Not very effective Somewhat Effective Very Effective 38% 2% 9% 0% Effective Not Effective 86% of voters believe that providing treatment would be either very (38%) or somewhat (48%) effective in reducing drug use and drug related crime. Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 16 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. 80% Voters were asked if they agreed or disagreed with the following statement:“Providing effective treatment to people with a drug problem would help reduce drug related crime.” 80% 70% 40% 60% 50% 40% As the graph at left shows, 80% of Colorado voters agree that providing effective treatment to people with a drug problem would help reduce drug related crime. 16% 30% 40% 20% 10% 10% 6% 0% Agree Disagree Strongly Somewhat ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Gender Age Party Affiliation Type of Community Ethnicity —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Total Male Female 18-34 35-45 46-55 56-64 65+ Dem Sub Rural/ Caucas Rep Unaff. Urban urban town ian Black Latino Other ————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— Base 500 239 48% 262 52% 84 17% 116 23% 125 25% 69 14% 100 20% 170 34% 191 38% 139 28% 139 28% 214 43% 140 28% 405 81% 23 5% 53 11% 19 4% 40% 36% 44% 46% 39% 44% 41% 31% 51% 30% 40% 42% 43% 35% 40% 38% 43% 40% Somewhat Agree 40 42 38 42 42 35 47 40 30 48 42 38 40 43 41 25 43 23 Somewhat Disagree 10 12 9 7 11 12 4 11 9 11 11 7 11 10 9 25 8 14 Strongly Disagree 6 6 7 2 6 8 7 9 8 7 3 7 4 9 6 13 5 9 DK/NA 4 4 3 2 2 2 1 9 2 4 4 5 2 4 4 0 0 Strongly Agree 14 Page 17 Voter Opinion on Reducing Sentences for Drug Possession Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 18 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. 41% 45% Voters were asked about possible actions to reduce drug use and drug related crime. They were specifically asked: “How effective would it be to incarcerate someone who is convicted of possessing small quantities of drugs?” 40% 35% 28% 30% 25% 19% 20% 10% 15% 10% 60% of voters believe that incarcerating people convicted of drug possession is ineffective in reducing drug use and drug related crime. 2% 5% 0% Smwht Effective Very Effective Not Very Effective Not at all Effective DK/NA —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Gender Age Party Affiliation Type of Community Ethnicity —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Total Male Female 18-34 35-45 46-55 56-64 65+ Dem Sub Rural/ Caucas Rep Unaff. Urban urbantown ian Black Latino Other ————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— Base 500 239 48% 262 52% 84 17% 116 23% 125 25% 69 14% 100 20% 170 34% 191 38% 139 28% 139 28% 214 43% 140 28% 405 81% 23 5% 53 11% 19 4% 10% 10% 10% 12% 7% 14% 3% 13% 10% 11% 9% 9% 13% 7% 8% 38% 14% 11% Somewhat Effective 28 28 28 27 30 29 26 24 20 36 26 28 26 30 26 25 41 28 Not Very Effective 41 44 39 39 41 38 53 40 46 39 39 44 39 43 43 38 30 30 Not at all Effective 19 17 22 21 21 18 16 19 22 12 26 18 21 19 21 0 14 23 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 2 0 0 2 2 1 0 3 Very Effective DK/NA 9 Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 19 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. Voters were asked: If someone with a drug problem is convicted of possessing small quantities of drugs for their own use, should they be punished by being sent to prison or regarded as someone with a health problem who should receive treatment and supervision? DK/NA 3% Depends 7% Criminal/Punishment 21% Both 9% As the graph on the right shows, a strong majority of Colorado voters (60%) believe that people who are convicted of possessing drugs should be treated as someone with a health problem and receive treatment. 21% favored incarceration. Health Problem/Treatment 60% —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Gender Age Party Affiliation Type of Community Ethnicity —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Total ————— Male Female 18-34 35-45 46-55 56-64 65+ Dem Sub Rural/ Caucas Rep Unaff. Urban urban town ian Black Latino Other —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— Base 500 48% 239 52% 262 17% 84 23% 116 25% 125 14% 69 20% 100 34% 170 38% 191 28% 139 28% 139 43% 214 28% 140 81% 405 5% 23 11% 53 4% 19 Criminal/punishment 21% 21% 21% 18% 17% 26% 17% 25% 17% 26% 20% 19% 22% 21% 19% 50% 22% 30% Health problem/ treatment 60 59 62 69 60 56 60 59 67 52 64 63 59 61 61 50 65 58 Both 9 10 7 9 11 8 8 5 7 11 7 7 9 10 10 0 8 0 Depends 7 7 7 1 9 9 10 6 7 9 5 8 7 6 8 0 3 9 DK/NA 3 3 2 3 1 4 5 3 2 4 3 4 2 3 0 3 3 4 Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 20 Voters were asked to agree or disagree with the following statement: “Colorado would be better off if we decreased criminal penalties for people possessing small quantities of drugs from a felony to a misdemeanor and spent the money saved on prison costs to increase drug treatment and prevention programs.” Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. 73% 80% 70% 30% 60% 50% 25% 40% 43% 30% 25% 20% 73% of voters either strongly or somewhat favor decreasing penalties for drug possession. Decreasing penalties received a majority in every demographic category. 11% 14% 10% 0% Agree Disagree Strongly Somewhat ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Gender Age Party Affiliation Type of Community Ethnicity —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Total Male Female 18-34 35-45 46-55 56-64 65+ Dem Sub Rural/ Rep Unaff. Urban urban town Caucas ian Black Latino Other ————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— —————— Base 500 239 48% 262 52% 84 17% 116 23% 125 25% 69 14% 100 20% 170 34% 191 38% 139 28% 139 28% 214 43% 140 28% 405 81% 23 5% 53 11% 19 4% 43% 42% 43% 51% 38% 43% 43% 43% 54% 27% 49% 46% 44% 39% 42% 50% 43% 39% Somewhat Agree 30 30 29 23 26 31 34 34 30 31 27 27 29 31 30 25 30 32 Somewhat Disagree 11 11 11 10 18 9 8 8 6 18 8 13 12 8 11 13 11 5 Strongly Disagree 14 15 12 14 15 17 12 9 6 19 16 12 13 17 13 13 14 25 3 1 4 1 3 1 3 6 3 4 1 2 2 5 3 Strongly Agree DK/NA 0 3 Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 21 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. Voters were asked if they agreed or disagreed with the following statement: “People with a drug problem who have been convicted of possessing drugs should be allowed to remain in the community under supervision and receive treatment, just like alcoholics, so long as they work and do not commit other crimes.” 56% 60% 50% 40% 30% 29% 56% 20% 29% 8% 4% 10% 8% 4% 0% Strongly agree Somewhat agree Somehwhat disagree Strongly disagree 85% of voters strongly (56%) or somewhat (29%) agreed that people arrested for drug possession should be allowed to remain in the community if they are under supervision and receive treatment. Page 22 Voter Opinion on State Funding Priorities Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 23 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. Voters were asked : Would you support reducing state spending on the following to build more prisons: 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 94% 92% 90% 85% Yes No 11% 7% 5% 7% ic bl Pu an or ta n tio lth ea H sp s io ge at le uc ol Tr C Ed n Prisons ranked low on funding priorities for the voters. At least 85% opposed decreasing funding in other categories in order to increase funding for prisons. Survey on Drugs and Drug Policy Page 24 Prepared by Ridder/Braden, Inc. Demographic Information Age Party Affiliation 18-34 17% 35-44 23 Democrat 34% 46-55 24 Republican 38 56-65 14 Unaffiliated 28 66+ 20 Congressional District Ethnicity 01 12% White 81% 02 19 Black 5 03 17 Latino 11 04 18 Other 3 05 20 06 14 Type of Community Gender Urban 28% Suburban 43 Male 48% Rural/small town 28 Female 52