Working

W
Working
ki to
t Extend
E t d Democracy
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to
t All
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Volume
Volume
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V l
4, N
4
Number
b 8
8

August
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August
t 2015
2015
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COLUMBIA, FIRST U.S. UNIVERSITY
TO DIVEST FROM PRISONS
By Wilfred Chan
olumbia University has become the
first college in the United States to
divest from private prison companies, following a student activist campaign.
The decision means the Ivy League
school -- with boasts a roughly $9 billion
endowment -- will sell its roughly 220,000
shares in G4S, the world’s largest private
security firm, as well its shares in the Corrections Corporation of America (CCA),
the largest private prison company in the
United states.
The campaign began in early 2014 when
a small group of Columbia students discovered tuition money was being invested in
the two firms, which run prisons and detention centers and militarized borders.
The group, called Columbia Prison Divest, launched protests and meetings with
administrators where they argued it was

C

CONTENTS
Columbia Divests Prisons ........1
Opposition to Solitary Grows ...2
On Our Hostilities Agreement ..2
Letters ......................................4
Fast Track Out Of Solitary........5
Editorial ....................................6
Recent History .........................8
Quote Box ................................9
Back Page................................10

wrong for the elite school to invest in a
“racist, violent system.”
“The private prison model is hinged on
maximizing incarceration to generate profit
-- they’re incentivized by convicting, sentencing, and keeping people in prison for
longer and longer times,” Dunni Oduyemi,
a 20-year-old organizer, told CNN.
“We don’t think about how the privileges and resources students get access to
are premised upon violence done to people
by virtue of their race, class, or citizenship
status.”
In an emailed statement, a Columbia
spokesperson said the university’s trustees
had decided to divest from private prison
companies and would refrain from investing in such companies again.
“This action occurs within the larger, ongoing discussion of the issue of mass incarceration that concerns citizens from across
the
t ideological spectrum,” the statement
said.
“The decision follows ... thoughtful
s
analysis
and deliberation by our faculty,
a
students,
and alumni.”
s
The spokesperson would not confirm
how
much Columbia had invested in the
h
two
t companies.
In 2007, Farallon, a company managing
part
p of Yale University’s endowment, also
divested
from CCA after a student camd
paign,
p
though it did not rule out future investment
v
in prison stock.
History of controversy
Oduyemi said activists targeted CCA for
its
i “horrific” human rights record. A 2014
ACLU
A
investigation [1] found abuse and
n
neglect
in CCA-run prisons where guards
u
used
“extreme isolation arbitrarily and abus
sively,”
exposed prisoners to contaminated

water, and delayed medical care of inmates,
causing “needless suffering.”
Student activists also targeted G4S, a
British firm, which has supplied [2] a prison in the West Bank and checkpoints in
Palestinian territories. Until last year, the
firm also had a contract to provide services
[3] at U.S. detention facilities in Guantanamo Bay, according to the Financial Times.
The firm still maintains patrols [4] along
the U.S.-Mexico border.
South African prisoners have sued the
company over claims they were tortured
[5], according to the Guardian.
Nigel Fairbrass, a G4S spokesman, defended the company’s conduct.
“We actively followed up with the South
African government and have been presented with no evidence to substantiate the
allegations,” Fairbrass wrote in an email to
CNN. “The prison was also returned to our
operational control last year.”
He added that a 17-month investigation
[6] by the OECD’s United Kingdom contact point had not found any human rights
violations in G4S’s operations in Israel -and said the company would also not renew
its contracts in Israel once contracts there
expired over the next two years.
CCA did not immediately respond to
CNN’s calls and emailed requests for comment. CCA’s website includes a statement
committing to “respecting human rights.”
Will divestment have an impact?
Oduyemi said G4S had been responsive
to past divestment campaigns, and “that
has been the only effective way of getting
them to change the contracts they write.”
But Fairbrass said Columbia’s holdings
of G4S stock, around 220,000 shares, com-

prised just 0.015% of G4S’ market cap,
valued today at $4.35 billion.
Similarly, CCA has a market cap of $4.01
billion. Both firms are highly profitable and
continue to grow.
Alex Friedmann, the managing editor of
Prison Legal News, a project of the nonprofit Human Rights Defense Center, predicted the divestment would have little to
no effect on companies’ stock price or operations.
“I don’t see divestment campaigns making a big dent,” he told CNN. “They serve
more as public education on private prisons, organizing tools, or as social commentary on what people believe is acceptable to
be investing in.”
“As long as prison companies have the
bed space the government needs and wants,
they will most likely stay in business.”
Although Columbia is the first U.S. university to announce divestment from private prisons, similar campaigns are ongoing at other institutions, including Cornell,
Brown, U.C. Berkeley, and UCLA.
“It seems to be a moment where people
are making the connection between all the
kinds of uprisings we’re seeing right now
#BlackLivesMatter, mass incarceration,
and university movements,” said Oduyemi.
“We all recognize how much work has to
be done in the future.”
http://www.cnn.com/2015/06/23/us/
columbia-university-prison-divest

OPPOSITION
TO SOLITARY
CONFINEMENT
GAINS NATIONAL
SUPPORT
MONTHLY
STATEWIDE
ACTIONS
CONTINUE
Prisoner Solidarity
Hunger Strike Coalition
omorrow, community organizations,
families and loved ones of people in
solitary, and advocates across California will be mobilizing a day of Statewide Coordinated Actions to End Solitary
Confinement each month. These mobilizations are a response to a proposal from pris-

T
2

oners in Pelican Bay State Prison involved
in the 2011 and 2013 Hunger Strikes, who
put forward the idea of designating a day
each month as Prisoner’s Rights Day. “Our
outside supporters have all of our gratitude; their tireless efforts supportive of our
cause make a giant positive difference,”
says Todd Ashker, a prisoner who has been
in solitary at Pelican Bay State Prison for
over two decades, and a lead plaintiff in a
class action lawsuit against California for
the use of solitary confinement. “They have
recently begun monthly supportive actions
– across the state – publicly rallying on
the 23rd of each month for the purpose of
keeping the subject of our endless torture
in public view, and thereby exposed to the
world. The 23rd of each month is symbolic
of our 23+ hours per day in these tombs-ofthe-living-dead – and it is hoped such rallies will spread across the nation.”
Various locations across California, including San Diego, Los Angeles, Santa
Cruz, San Jose, Oakland, Arcata, San
Francisco and others. For a complete list
with information, please see https://prisonerhungerstrikesolidarity.wordpress.
com/2015/06/14/june-23rd-statewide-coordinated-actions-to-end-solitary-confinement-locations-details/
The actions are being organized by
groups with the Prisoner Hunger Strike
Solidarity Coalition (PHSS), and are supported by over 70 community groups and
organizations from California, and around
the country and world.
The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) refuses to
respect basic human rights by continuing
to keep people isolated in cells, often for
years upon years, despite international condemnation calling on California to end its
practice of solitary confinement. Solitary
confinement has been defined as torture
by the U.N., yet the U.S. puts more people
in solitary and for longer periods than any
other country, and California continues to
be an outlier in the U.S. California continues to use the practice in violation of international law and, as many believe, in violation of the U.S.’s policy against cruel and
unusual punishment. These coordinated actions seek to build organized, communitybased pressure outside prison walls, and to
amplify the demands of prisoners who continue to call for the end of torture.
Spokespeople will be available to speak
with media at all locations. For more information, please visit prisonerhungerstrikesolidarity.wordpress.com

THOUGHTS ON
OUR AGREEMENT
TO END
HOSTILITIES
By Kijani Tashiri Askari and Akili Castlin
he Webster’s New Universal Unabridged Dictionary defines the
word “hostility” as being :
• A hostile state, condition , or attitude;
enmity; antagonism; unfriendliness
• A hostile act
• Opposition or resistance to an idea, plan
project, etc.
1. acts of warfare
2. war
So our initial question to the people is:
“What does hostility mean to you?” During the formulation phase of constructing
our position on this issue, a wise man was
asked his thoughts on our “Agreement to
end Hostilities” (AEH) and he stated:
“The inclusion of the Agreement to
end race-based hostilities to our struggle
against California’s solitary confinement
policies, represents a qualitative leap of
the insight of all prison nationalities, and
unites us beyond the fight to free ourselves
from CDCR’s torture units. Its promise
may foreshadow the triumph of prisoners’
quests for full human recognition.”
It has been said that the average human
being should be able to hold their breath
under water for at least 2 minutes without suffering any injury to the brain. But
imagine being forcibly held under water for
10 to 40 plus years straight, without being
able to come up for air! It is impossible to
ignore the potential psychological trauma
involved in this process. But, nonetheless,
we prisoners have continued to struggle to
come up for air, to only be repeatedly held
down, and forced back under water by the
corrupt and powerful hands of the CDCR!!

T

– WE CAN’T BREATHE!!!
History has always proven to be a viable
guide, with making qualitative assessments
in relation to where we have been, and
with what lies ahead in the course of our
struggle. Therefore, it is only appropriate
that we highlight the essence of our human
suffering with examples from our history in
CDCR’s solitary confinement units.
In the 1960s, we prisoners were suffocating under the inhumane and deplorable
conditions in Soledad’s O-Wing, [1] where
prisoners were routinely placed in these
Rock!

strip/quiet cells amidst the foul stench of
urine and human feces. In most instances,
human waste laid bare on the floor for all to
see. And you could forget about the prison
guards giving us anything to clean up the
human waste, especially when you factor
in how the prison guards wouldn’t give us
toilet paper to wipe ourselves or flush our
floor-based toilets on a regular basis, which
could only be done by them. I mean, the
prison guards wouldn’t even give us drinking water!! These contradictions brought
about a rescue boat in the form of Jordan
v. Fitzharris [2]. But it did not contain
any life preservers because no sooner than
when the Federal Court ruled these conditions to be unconstitutional, CDCR made
no changes to improve the quality of life in
O-Wing for the captive prisoner class.
– WE CAN’T BREATHE!!!
In the 1970s, we prisoners were suffocating under the inhumane conditions of
being deprived of outdoor exercise and
access to natural sunlight. Our means of
exercise consisted of being let out of our
cells to occupy a space in front of it that
was no bigger than a public sidewalk. In
Spain v. Procunier [3], the court ruled these
conditions to be unconstitutional and set
forth the mandate of prisoners in solitary
confinement receiving at least 10 hours of
outdoor exercise a week. But 36 years later,
in 2015, Warden Holland of CCI Tehachapi
has admitted that this prison is ill-equipped
to meet the mandate of 10 hours of outdoor
recreation. In other words “caged monkeys” in a zoo are receiving more outdoor
exercise and natural sunlight than us!!
– WE CAN’T BREATHE!!!
In the 1980s, we prisoners were suffocating under the deplorable and outright inhumane conditions at Old Folsom and San
Quentin State Prisons. These conditions
consisted of extreme cold weather during
winter months due to prison guards using
their guns to shoot out the windows in the
housing units. Rat feces circulated throughout the plumbing system, meaning that the
designated shower areas for prisoners were
inclusive of this kind of filth!! Once again,
a rescue boat appeared on the horizon in the
form of Toussaint v. McCarthy [4], where
the federal court attempted to take previous
rescue efforts a step further by not only ruling these conditions to be unconstitutional,
but also issuing a “permanent injunction,”
that mandated these conditions to be immediately changed!! However, instead of
Volume 4, Number 8

any changes coming about, CDCR surreptitiously transferred prisoners out of Old
Folsom and San Quentin en masse to Tehachapi, DUI-Tracy, Soledad State Prison,
etc… Thus, nullifying the injunction.
– WE CAN’T BREATHE!!!
In the 1990s we witnessed the expansion
and usage of solitary confinement units
(e.g., “Supermax control units”) take flight,
wherein CDCR’s objectives became ever
more apparent in the form of population
control. Our suffocation was two-fold!! On
the one hand, a culture of police beatings
(e.g., “excessive force”) was finally exposed to the public in Madrid v. Gomez [5],
where prisoner Vaughn Dortch was forced
into a tub of boiling hot water and had his
skin ripped off of him in the most barbaric
fashion possible!! Prisoner Greg Dickerson
was shot in the chest and stomach area at
point blank range in his cell with a 38 millimeter gas gun via the false assertion of
being non-cooperative with prison guards.
While on the other hand, prisoners were
being forced to become informants for the
state, in order to be released from solitary
confinement via “the CDCR Inquisition”
program. This practice was exposed as being an “underground policy” in Castillo v.
Alameida [6], because CDCR never promulgated it through the Administrative
Procedure Act (APA) to make it an actual
policy. The Castillo case also brought about
the 6-year inactive gang status reviews,
which meant prisoners were led to believe
we could be released from solitary confinement after 6 years. These reviews were a
complete sham!! as we prisoners had absolutely no constitutional protections under
this process, wherein hardly any prisoners
were released from SHU. But more importantly, this rescue boat was doomed from
the time it left the docks, as it has now been
revealed that Castillo is a pig collaborator
by becoming an informant for CDCR in
the current class-action lawsuit of Ashker
v. Brown, et. al. [7], that has been mounted
against the current conditions of solitary
confinement.
– WE CAN’T BREATHE!!!
It is through this spiral of development,
that the AEH became manifest in October
of 2012. So in reflecting upon our collective struggle, in being unable to breathe for
over a half-century of pure torture!! It is
hard to not think of Eric Garner, in the minutes right before his demise, when he uttered the words: “I CAN’T BREATHE!!!”

It is this reality that we prisoners remain
confronted with when put into the perspective of why we ended our hostilities. As it
amounts to freedom or death!! It is every
prisoner’s aspiration to be liberated from
prison. Our AEH puts us in a viable position for this to happen, especially when we
consider how CDCR has routinely denied
us parole, for simply being interned to indefinite solitary confinement status as alleged gang members, without a single act
of violence to support their position. This
speaks to the importance and the manner
in which every prisoner has honored and
adhered to our AEH. This is commendable
on all fronts!! Our exemplary conduct has
made CDCR completely powerless over
us, as we have successfully taken away the
fodder that used to fuel their political rhetoric in labeling us the “worst of the worst.”
Our unity now qualitatively threatens the
political, social, and economic stability of
CDCR which is why their Counter Intelligence Unit (IGI) is issuing all of these
bogus CDC-115 rule violation reports
(RVR’s) for promoting gang activity.
Our fortitude and resolve of continued
unity ensures that our demand in wanting
to be liberated from prison will no longer
fall on deaf ears!! As power concedes nothing without a demand!! We now have the
power to change the course of history with
CDCR’s routine parole board denials, just
as we have done in building a movement
around abolishing all solitary confinement
units. We must begin a similar process in
mobilizing our families on this very issue.
But until then, “WE CAN’T BREATHE”
must become our mantra going forward, as
we prisoners refuse to ease up on the powers that be, until every prisoner is able to
breathe by being liberated from these prisons!!
For more information contact us at:
Kijana Tashiri Askari
s/n Marcus Harrison
#H54077
4B-8C-101
P.O. Box 1906
Tehachapi, CA 93581
Akili Castlin
#J99402
4B-8C-106
P.O. Box 1906
Tehachapi, CA 93581
___________________________
Reference Notes:
AEH ......................... Continued on page 7
3

An Update and Some Ideas
For Us All
I have noticed that recently the Rock has
gotten kind of thin. I don’t know why that
is, but it’s a shame because the Rock really
gave inmates a voice to speak their minds. I
am and was very appreciative of that, even
if you never published my words. I have
some ideas to help boost your circulation
but it’s up to you whether or not you wish
to hear and try my ideas.
I would like to update you regarding my
‘inactive’ status, so you get a bit of an insight into what has been going on lately.
I’ve been in CCI (Tehachapi), for several
years until just recently. It appears that
with the trial for the lawsuit initiated for
the short-corridor collective commencing
this coming December, CDC is operating
under a self-imposed deadline to try and
see all pending DRB reviews by that time
and have the SDP up and running. As a
means of facilitating that, a large number
of the men in PBSP had been waiting for
transfer to CCI for the SDP, but they needed bed space, so CDCR moved out all the
validated inmates that had yet to be seen.
Many came straight to PBSP. Many more
laid over for several weeks in Corcoran
Shu, (I was one of the latter). I would also
appear that part of one of the SHY yards
at CCI is being reopened as an SNY mainline, because with all the recent ‘inactive’
kick outs, the department wants to reopen
D-yard at Kern Valley as a GP mainline.
Basically, it’s a lot of shuffling to look like
they’re really doing something. They’ve
initiated a step down program in one of the
buildings in Corcoran SHU as well.
Now, here’s where it gets kinky for me…
I’d received my inactive review at CCI before leaving. I was recommended ‘inactive’
by IGI and my caseload was set to OCS for
review and final approval. On Marcy 30th I
was moved to Cor SHU. Upon my arrival,
instead of referring me to DRB, I was told
I had to wait for my B-2 chrono to come
back from OCS. A few days later, I get the
B-2 back in the mail, but it’s dated March
19th! DRB came to Cor SHU two weeks later, but since I hadn’t been referred, I wasn’t
called. A month and a half later, (after several inmate requests about my referral), I
was transported here to Pelican Bay SHU.
So, instead of being released on my inac4

tive, I actually went to opposite direction,
to SHU’s further and further away from
home. Had I been referred when I was supposed to be, my endorsement would’ve
been cancelled and I’d likely be on my way
to the mainline already. The kicker is, I’m
not the only one it happened to. There were
at least four other guys just on my bus in
the exact same position! I’m no conspiracy
theorist, and believe me I know cabals and
conspiracies exist, but in this instance and
in many such when the department does
something stupid, I believe it was and issue of inefficiency. Like most individuals,
the department heads zero in on a single
way of doing things and will pursue that
method to the exclusion of all others, no
matter how difficult or stupid, simply because they only consider things from the
single perspective of an administrator. Often times even the ‘boots on the ground’
(C.O.’s) will complain that procedure is
exceptionally more difficult and counterintuitive than is necessary. But, you know,
it’s often hard for someone to admit they’re
wrong, especially someone in a position of
authority. So, they’ll grind at that stupid
decision long after it becomes readily apparent that is simply doesn’t work, Case
in point, our entire current criminal justice
system! It seems, I’m the victim of arrogance and stupidity!
Now, I could get into all the deep and
detailed sociological factors and really try
to sound smart. Throw out some four syllables words you need to run to the thesaurus to look up. But, let’s be frank, most
of that stuff sails right over the heads of
your average reader. It is difficult for the
human mind to envision things in abstract
that have to direct impact of them. In other
words, you’ve got to experience it to understand. Instead, I’ll try to speak in related
terms…You remember when you were
a kid and your parents did things or told
you to do things you thought were totally
stupid? And when you tried to suggest another way, they’d ride over you? Well, even
though your parents usually were right and
usually had the right intentions, sometimes
they got it horribly wrong despite meaning
well. In my opinion, that’s often the case
with the department. I’m not interested
in creating enmity or fostering an ‘us vs.
them’ attitude. I abhor hypocrisy, and it is
that exact attitude that they’ve fostered, that
we are trying to combat! We don’t show we
are ‘better’ by becoming that which we op-

pose. I don’t think they department is full of bad people. There
are some sadistic bastards, it’s
true. But, for the most part,
they’re decent folks that think
they’re doing the ‘right thing’.
They view us as a legitimate enemy worthy of contempt, and let’s
face it, we haven’t done a whole
lot to counter that stereotype.
And it’s easy to abandon humane
treatment when you think you’re
dealing with a legitimate threat, even if you
know its morally wrong. The Nazis thought
they were doing the right thing! Much of
the same is true of the prison class. There
are some righteously bad folks here! But
by and large, these are people with messed
up lives that get caught in a cycle of mistakes. Sometimes they make a single mistake their lives are forever defined by. Our
real challenge then, is not to defeat a foe.
But, to change the minds of those that perceive us as a threat…not an easy task by
any measure.
It is an endeavor that begins with ourselves though. I read a book once by a man
named Jeff Olsen. In it he said something
profound to me….he said, ‘successful
people take responsibility for their own actions.’ If the politico machine has lied to
us (the prison class and the lower classes
en masse), we bear responsibility for participating in the fight. Ultimately the only
control we really have is over ourselves as
individuals. And though they are wrong for
duping us, we do not have to continue being duped! The good news is, we are not
doomed to be that which we have always
been. A person is capable of change. But,
that change cannot be forced. It must be
desired internally first. It cannot be fabricated. To attempt o appear something other
than you are is simply lying.
It is not that we have a lack of opportunity, resource, or strength to facilitate
change. It is a lack of will, and a lack of
vision. The problem I have had understanding out movement is, where are we moving
to?! A wise man said, ‘you’ve got to decide
where you’re going before you can figure
out how to get there.’ So I ask, where are
we going? If I am to be led, where is the
promised land? We end solitary confinement and then what? Back to business as
usual? That would just prove the point of
order, it’s all a mad power play. So, what
next? Where do we go after?

LETTERS

LETTERS

Rock!

I hear accusations of unequal power
and uneven distribution of wealth. But,
what are doing to balance the scales? We
can ‘protest and rally’ for ‘more’, but that
sounds suspiciously like throwing a tantrum for a hand out, and I for one have too
much pride for that. We forget that by the
prison machine the politico has created a
far reaching and vast under class that greatly outnumbers any assemblage of people
they have on their side! There are nearly
six million probationers, parolees, excons, and currently incarcerated people in
California alone. All affected by the same
laws and stigmas of incarceration. All understand what it feels like. To that underclass, its 100% relative. If even a fraction
could be tapped for donations and support, it’d be a powerhouse no other union
could compare to, except maybe the AFLCIO. Six million convicts, they all know
at least one voter, and can scrape up $10 a
month. You do the math! We overlook the
fundamental lesson of military tacticians
from ages long past. Power in numbers!
The CCPOA, Police Officers Union, Long
Shore men’s Union, none of them have our
numbers. The simple fact is, we’re deeper
than everyone! Communication networks,
chapter houses, etc., we have all of it, albeit in an unofficial capacity. That’s just on
the political spectrum. What bout wealth
disparity? Sure, individually we’re pretty
poor. But collectively, the ‘poor’ aren’t so
poor. Why not create credit unions? What
about investment groups to turn over sums
to wealth managers and invest in business
for our people? Why not hire consultants
to help our people get grants for business
and non-profits? Loans for the same? Why
not encourage our ‘little homies’ to stay in
school and become our lawyers and business people? The resources are at our fingertips. The possibilities are endless. But,
we must first be willing to abandon the old
ways. We can no longer be what we have
been. The rest of the world has evolved,
and we must evolve with it. We cannot look
to others to bring us what we desire. We
must create it for ourselves! For all its fault
and foibles, America is a land of upward
mobility. If a black kid from Hawaii with
an absentee immigrant father can become
president, anything is possible! If is a common misconception that slavery in its original form was ended in this country because
white men came to save the day and help
the poor black men out of his troubles. But
that’s simply not true. People of color were
property. Little more than beasts of burVolume 4, Number 8

den. It was the common belive that people
of color were stupid animals at the time. It
was not the pity of a white man that was the
catalyst of change. But, it was that when
given the opportunity, people of color took
it, seized it, to prove they were not beasts,
but men!. We know that you cannot make a
ban man into a good one by locking him in
a cage and treating him like an animal. But,
to show ‘them’ that, we must prove that we
are not wild beasts to be feared. We feel.
And we fear, and we experience job and
sorrow. We have made mistakes, many of
them irreparable. But we can be something
else. Something new. Robert Frost said, ‘it
was never too late to be what you might
have been.’ Well, we have our opportunity.
Let’s not squander it on pettiness and small
thinking. Let’s dream big! Show me a plan,
and I’ll show you a leader! Let us first use
appropriately what we have before we seek
more we don’t know how to handle. We
have so much already. We are quite literally the sleeping giant.
Why do we not use the democratic machine against itself? There are ballot initiatives on the rise like the FairJusticeProject.
org that would do so much or criminal
justice reform like standardize parole procedures for lifers, make it harder to try
juveniles as adults, abolish LWOP, and reinstitute the Inmate Bill of Rights, among
many other things that, with our collective
political power, we could force through
with little effort. It’s just a matter of having
people go sign the petitions and donate or
buy t-shirts to fund ad campaigns so more
people will sign the petitions and ultimately vote, (some of those adds will be bought
in this very newsletter). It’s a simple matter
of getting the word out to our people. If we
can organize and execute three statewide
hunger strikes and countless rallies and
protest as well as international support, It’s
certainly doable. And then, the sky in the
limit, one our own political machine starts
rolling.
From this small issue and incidence, we
could spawn an entirely new era. What began as a means to get out of a box, could
give birth to a means to end the class disparity. We have the power.
I’ll end this for now Mr. Mead. Again I
thank you for allowing me/us to speak and
I hope I’ve given you food for thought. If
you have the time and inclination, I’d be
interested to hear your thoughts on my
words. Keep up the good work. It’s appreciated. Take care and God bless.
Ian J. Whitson

CCR Moves
To Fast Track
CA Prisoners
Out Of
Solitary
Confinement
By Center For Constitutional Rights
n July 2nd the CCR filed a
motion for summary judgment on the due process
claim in Ashker v. Brown, which is
litigation challenging long-term solitary confinement in California SHU
prisons.
Throughout discovery in the case,
the California Department of Correction and Rehabilitation (CDCR)
has repeatedly acknowledged that
its procedures for placing and holding prisoners in solitary confinement
need to be changed. CDCR began
that process by implementing a stepdown program for prisoners currently
isolated in the Security Housing Unit
(SHU) to work their way into general
population, and creating new levels
of review to consider placement of
prisoners into solitary in the future.
However, hundreds of prisoners remain in isolation in California to this
day, held under the old, faulty procedures, because CDCR has not
moved swiftly to implement its new
procedures.
Despite some reforms, prisoners
are still being held in the SHU on
vaguely defined pretenses of gang
“affiliation” (often established on
the basis of such things like reading about Black history or possessing a photograph of a former cell
mate); CDCR still only reviews some
prisoners’ SHU placement once every six years; and prisoners are still
given misleading notice regarding
how they can earn their way out of
SHU isolation. CCR’s motion seeks
an order from the judge fast tracking
California’s review of all SHU prisoners, so that they do not spend years
more subjected to these unconstitutional policies.

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EDITORIAL 4-8
“Until they become conscious, they will
never rebel, and until after they have
rebelled, they cannot become conscious.”
—George Orwell
t least one prisoner has written to
tell me that recent issues of Rock
have been “kind of thin” in terms
of content. That has been true of at least
both the April and June issues, although I
think this July newsletter was pretty good,
and this one should be nice too. If you want
to get material into Rock you will need to
get it to me by the end of the month for it
to go into the following month’s newsletter.
In other words, if you’ve got something to
say for the September issue, get it to me by
the end of August at the latest. That gives
me time to type your hand written letters or
articles. Here are some simple guidelines:
This is not a gripe rag. If you feel you are
not getting enough peanut butter on the
mainline this is not the forum for how bad
conditions are. This is a forum for those
who already know how bad it is, and who
are willing to entertain the idea of doing
something peaceful and constructive for
positive change.
Another complaint I am receiving these
days is my no free subscription policy. So
you newer readers will understand, starting from the first hunger strike through the
third one Mark and I spent over $5,000 in
direct support of those struggles. We spent
close to another $5,000 putting this newsletter out for the past four years. We gave
out free subscriptions to anyone who asked,
in any state. We focused on trying to build
rights and class consciousness on the West
Coast, with a priority of California, then
Washington, Oregon, and (about 30 readers in Texas). The big dream of building a
prisoner supported publication crashed on
the rocks of financial reality.
We ran out of money. I’ve chopped some
500 names off the mailing list, after giving
readers more than a year of notice that the
change was coming. Here’s how it works:
This is a publication that addresses your issues. Mark and I are both ex-convicts and
we don’t have much money. So here’s the
deal, I’m getting ready to cut some more
dead weight from the mailing list. If you
have received this publication for a year
and not contributed anything during that
period, or if you sent something like ten
stamps and you think that buys you a lifelong subscription, this will be your last issue. In short, if you’ve not sent stamps in a

A

6

while, it’s that time again.
California’s SHU and Ad Seg prisoners,
not to mention the thousands of mainline
prisoners who joined them, participated in
three history making hunger strikes—the
last one of which kicked off with 33,000
prisoners not eating and some 2,500 not
working. I am not aware of a single historical event in which over 30,000 people
engaged in a hunger strike—let alone it being prisoners who did it! The SHU and Ad
Seg prisoners gave it their all—at least two
prisoners died as an indirect result of the
hunger strikes, others suffered health problems as a direct result of their participation
in these just struggles.
SHU and Ad Seg gave it their all—far
above and beyond what any prisoners have
ever done before. They have shot their wad
(if you’ll excuse the term). Now it’s time
for the general population to peacefully
pick up the slack. It’s your turn to sacrifice
for the common good.
Over the years, in both Rock and Prison
Focus, I’ve written about the 47 day work
strike at Walla Walla during the late 1970s.
That was the longest work strike in that
state’s history, and possibly longer than
any in the U.S. before. As a prisoner at that
penitentiary I helped to organize that work
strike, the result of which was the release
of me and the other Walla Walla Brothers
from the SHU, where we went on to organize Men Against Sexism (MAS) to put an
end to the then prevalent practice of prisoner-on-prisoner rape (armed with six homemade shotguns and three hand grenades,
the queers at Walla Walla pushed the jockers back into their holes). You got to be all
in. Yet you don’t think we can win?
Yes, all your life the system has beaten
you down. But are you defeated? Is it hopeless? Is the state too large and powerful to
resist? Besides, the public is against us too,
right? All of these are very good reasons
for passive evasion of your duty as an intact human being (dogs that have been neutered, for example, are not considered “intact”). Unfortunately, the time for passive
evasion has past. The SHU hunger strikes
were the little motor that is going to fire up
the big engine of change for prisoners in
California. That big engine is the GP of every prison in the state of California. It is the
only group capable of bringing the state to
its knees. And all they need do is peacefully
withhold their labor power for an extended
period of time. Yes, it requires sacrifice, but
as the former slave Fredrick Douglas once
said:

“If there is no struggle there is no
progress. Those who profess to favor
freedom and yet deprecate agitation,
are men who want crops without plowing up the ground, they want rain without thunder and lightning. They want
the ocean without the awful roar of its
many waters. This struggle may be a
moral one, or it may be a physical one,
and it may be both moral and physical, but it must be a struggle. Power
concedes nothing without a demand. It
never did and it never will.”
There is a path for prisoners. It’s not an
easy one. First, and above all, it must be
peaceful. What that means is absolutely
no violence against other prisoners or the
prison staff—no matter the provocation.
Engage in violence and you instantly become an agent of the state and an enemy of
the struggle for justice. Why? Because they
have all the guns. Also, because we want
to win. The object is to win. We have the
numbers for a massive peaceful protest that
can win. I told you that we stopped rape
at Walla Walla, did I also tell you that our
47-day peaceful work strike also resulted
in the immediate firing of the Director of
Corrections, Harold Bradly, from his job.
The removal of B.J. Rhay as warden of the
penitentiary. The transfer of the Associate
Warden of Custody to the kids join at Shelton. And the release of us, the Walla Walla
Brothers, from the SHU (where we went on
to do many other good things).
California is not Washington State and
this is not the late 1970s. What we able to
do in back then from one prison, even the
main prison in the state, will not be enough
to move the government of California. I
think the outcome of the last three hunger
strikes makes that pretty clear. No, this is
going to take a massive, protracted struggle
involving multiple prisons across the entire state. And by “protracted” I mean long
term—months!
The prisons cannot function for long
without the labor of prisoners. Withhold
that labor in enough facilities for a long
enough time and the state will honor your
just demands. As a direct result of such a
struggle, the public will be better educated
on the issue crime and imprisonment, and
effectiveness of prisons in crime control
(given the 70 percent recidivism rate)1.
1. I’ve not checked on this figure since I took the number from former Governor Swartenager’s website.
Just for the hell if it, at the same Ɵme, I also checked
the CDCR’s website to see what they said their rate
was—they were claiming something like a 48 percent
recidivism rate.

Rock!

In the end it all comes down to sacrifice—
we trade sacrifice for progress. Which
brings us to Ed’s one third rule. During the
American Revolution a third of the people
in this country supported King George. Another third wanted to oust the monarchy’s
king and establish a republican democracy.
The final third did not really care one way
or the other. When I was a prisoner at the
federal prison in Marion there was an escape attempt from the big yard—six men
hit the fences. Loud speakers immediately
demanded that the yard be cleared. A third
of the prisoners went in to be locked up.
Another third stood by the door leading
into the cellblocks, waiting to see which
way the wind was blowing. And the final
third, the group I was in, refused to go in
until medical personnel were in between
the fences to care for those who had been
shot. The guards ordered us in. Hidden by
the crowd, I picked up some small rocks
from the ground and threw them at the officers who were trying to move us toward the
cell house door. The guards backed off and
the medical folks tended to the wounded.
We then went in. My point is that it only
takes a third of you to bring it down. But if
you have more it’s good.
At the McNeil Island federal penitentiary in 1971 we engaged in a ten day work
strike. I was on “C” tier in cellblock six.
The Men’s Advisory Committee (MAC)
ordered a work strike. I was appointed responsible for C tier, which was made up of
about ten eight man cells. Only one man
went to work from my tier, and his name
was Sam Bowers and he was a member of
the KKK. We had nearly 100 percent participation by the entire population. In general, the Jehovah Witnesses and right wing
nuts will not participate, but if you’ve done
your homework correctly, all gangs and independents will be on board.
And here’s a brief message for the state
censors: Muzzle me if you like, but the fact
is that you are holding tens of thousands
(dare I say millions) of United States citizens in a condition of constitutionally sanctioned slavery and total disenfranchisement
from the nation’s political processes—the
only lawful process that could change their
deplorable conditions of existence. Here,
the prisoners are being asked to do this
peacefully, only after your 70 percent recidivism rate has totally failed to address
this matter. To censor this publication you
must be anti-democracy and pro-slavery.
You must ignore the interests of the public
to be free from crime by continuing with
Volume 4, Number 8

this destructive fraud.
This publication is advocating for a protracted state-wide work strike by prisoners
in multiple prisons, a struggle for real justice—not punishment. A justice that gives
us decent housing, enough money for an
apartment, and jobs upon release from prison. How about some Rehabilitation, cdcR?
Punishment does not even work with
dogs or cats, rewards have proven to
change behavior far more effectively than
punishment. I totally understand that it will
take some time for these ideas to sink in.
It took a dozen years for SHU prisoners
to come around. Let’s hope we can reach
the GP in less time. I’m 73 years old. Mark
is even older than me. I’ll be pounding on
this drum until I die. My hope is that one
or more of you will hear the call—who
will be the next generation of strugglers for
justice? As the old saying goes: If not you,
who? If not now, when?
International law supports your just
struggle. The Supremacy Clause of the US
constitution, Article Six, Clause 2, states:
“This Constitution, and the Laws of the
United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or
which shall be made, under the authority
of the United States, shall be the supreme
law of the land; and the judges in every
state shall be bound thereby, anything in
the constitution or laws of any state to the
contrary notwithstanding.”
Accordingly, to the US constitution,
the highest law of the land is a treaty. The
Universal Declaration of Human Right is
a United Nations Treaty the US is a signatory to—meaning it is legally binding.
What does the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights have to say? Article
4 says: “No one shall be held in slavery
or servitude; slavery and the slave trade
shall be prohibited in all their forms.” Yet
a pro-slavery provision is written into the
Thirteenth Amendment, which authorizes
the enslavement of millions of Americans.
Article 5 states that “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment.” Can
you spell today’s prisons? How about the
SHU? Article 19 is their counterpart to
our First Amendment. It says “Everyone
has the right to freedom of opinion and
expression; this right includes freedom to
hold opinions without interference and to
seek, receive and impart information and
ideas through any media and regardless of
frontiers.” But the biggie here is Article 23,
section (4): “Everyone has the right to form

and to join trade unions for the protection
of his interests.” If you are a human being
you are a part of the “everyone” who has a
right for form a union for the protection of
your interests. Lastly, Article 30 brings it
home: “Nothing in this Declaration may be
interpreted as implying for any State, group
or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms
set forth herein.” (emphasis added)
I’ll close this with a quote from Jonathan
Simon’s 2014 book, Mass Incarceration
on Trial. He says, “. . . the very things that
define mass incarceration as a distinctive
mode of punishment – its scale, its categorical nature, and its prioritization of custody
over reform or rehabilitation – all predict
that intensified health crises will be an inherent problem.” ●
AEH ..................... Continued from page 3
1. For further reading on the conditions
in Soledad’s O-Wing, read the Melancholy
History of Soledad Prison by Min S. Yee;
and also see the report of the Assembly Select Committee on Prison Reform and Rehabilitation: Administrative Segregation in
California’s Prisons from the 1960s.
2. The court ruled the conditions in Soledad’s O-Wing unconstitutional in Jordan v.
Fitzharris – 257 F.Supp. 674, 682-83 (N.D.
Cal. 1966)
3. The mandate of 10 hours of outdoor
exercise was established in Spain v. Procunier – 600 F.2d. 189, 199 (9th Cir. 1979)
4. The living conditions at Old Folsom
and San Quentin State Prisons were found
to be unconstitutional in Toussaint v. McCarthy – 801 F.2d. 1080 (9th Cir. 1986)
5. A culture of police terror was revealed
in Madrid v. Gomez – 889 F.Supp. 1146,
1162, 1167 (N.D. Cal. 1995)
6. Sham inactive gang status reviews
were conducted every 6 years per. Castillo
v. Alameida, et. al. – Case No: C-94-2847
7. Ashker v. Brown, et. al. – Case No: C09-5796-CW is a class-action lawsuit that
has been mounted, to challenge the torturous conditions of solitary confinement and
can be downloaded at www.cand.uscourts.
gov
– WE CAN’T BREATHE!!!
7

RECENT

HISTORY
Six on San Quentin Death
Row sue over time in solitary
By Bob Egelko
group of Death Row inmates has
sued the state for keeping them in
solitary confinement for years or
even decades, locked in windowless cells
with no phone calls or human contact. It’s
treatment, they said, that “amounts to torture.”
The suit was filed in federal court
Wednesday by six condemned prisoners,
who said they were among about 100 inmates, out of 750 on Death Row, who are
kept in isolation in the Adjustment Center
at San Quentin State Prison as suspected
gang members or associates. The suit said
they are held in their cells 21 to 24 hours a
day, with no natural light, no access to education or work programs, no phone calls
and no contact visits from family members,
who must speak to them by phone across a
glass barrier.
One of the men has been in solitary confinement for 26 years, and two others for
more than a decade, the suit said. Condemned prisoners in California spend an
average of nearly 25 years on Death Row
while their cases are appealed. A federal
judge cited the duration of their confinement, though not the conditions, in a ruling last year that declared the state’s death
penalty unconstitutional. The state has appealed the ruling.
The suit is similar to a case scheduled for
trial in December in federal court in Oakland over the solitary confinement of thousands of inmates in various prisons’ Security Housing Units, the maximum-security
lockups that house prisoners suspected of
gang affiliations. The San Quentin suit was
filed separately because the adjustment
center isn’t classified as a Security Housing
Unit, although the conditions are similar,
said Daniel Siegel, lawyer for the Death
Row inmates.
Inmates in both cases claim their isolation violates the constitutional ban on cruel

A

8

a unusual punishment and denies them
and
ddue process of law. Until recently, they
ssaid, the only way out of the isolation
uunit was to become an informant. Prison
oofficials say they now conduct casebby-case reviews of each inmate’s gang
sstatus or affiliations, and have released
ssome inmates into the general prison
ppopulation. But inmates say they are still
kkept in solitary confinement because of
bbooks they’ve read or cartoons found in
ttheir cells.
Siegel said release from isolation is even
harder to win on Death Row. He said some
inmates have been kept in the Adjustment
Center solely because their capital crimes
were gang-related.
Terry Thornton, spokeswoman for the
Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, said officials haven’t seen the suit
and can’t comment on it. But she said no
inmates are held in the cells for 24 hours a
day, because they’re entitled to 10 hours a
week in the prison exercise yard.
Bob Egelko is a San Francisco Chronicle staff writer

Death of student who suffered multiple blows to head
and body after being strapped
to a prison restraining chair
ruled a homicide
Has been confirmed he died from several
blows to the head and body
ine deputies were fired in connection with the incident last month
A 22-year-old black college student found dead in restraints at a county jail
died from several blunt-force injuries to his
head and upper body, a Georgia coroner
has said.
Chatham County Coroner Bill Wessinger confirmed Thursday that last month
he ruled the death of Matthew Ajibade of
Savannah a homicide.
Ajibade was found dead on January 1 in
a restraining chair at the Chatham County
jail after he struggled with deputies booking him on a domestic violence charge.
Will Claiborne, an attorney for Ajibade’s
family, said his parents were ‘very distressed’ to learn the cause and manner of
death from their son’s death certificate.
Sheriff Al St. Lawrence last month fired
nine deputies in connection with Ajibade’s
death.
The sheriff released no findings from the
investigations into Ajibade’s death, which

N

is still considered an open case as prosecutors weigh possible criminal charges.
One deputy suffered a concussion and a
broken nose, according to the sheriff’s office.
The fired deputies include two supervisors — Cpl. Maxine Evans and Cpl. Jason Kenny — who were suspended after
Ajibade died.
At the time the sheriff’s office said new
policies implemented since Ajibade’s death
include security measures to audit the use
of stun guns at the jail as well as booking
procedures to ensure jail medical staff are
notified immediately when a detainee requiring medication arrives.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article

Convicts sue, saying they
got Valley fever while in state
prisons
By John Ellis
our inmates who contracted Valley
fever while housed at prisons across
the region are suing state officials
including Gov. Jerry Brown, saying they
knew of the fungal infection’s dangers but
did nothing to protect prisoners.
The legal actions are the latest in a string
of federal civil rights lawsuits filed by
multiple Southern California law firms on
behalf of inmates housed mainly at Avenal
and Pleasant Valley state prisons who have
contracted the fungal infection. Pleasant
Valley is located in Coalinga. One lawsuit
filed late last year has 45 plaintiffs from
the two prisons. A third, filed in July 2013,
seeks class-action status on behalf of African Americans, those older than 55 and
others with compromised immune systems
who contracted Valley fever while at either
prison.
Attorneys representing some of the men,
however, say in legal filings in U.S. District
Court in Fresno that the problem goes far
beyond those two prisons. Plaintiffs in the
latest round of lawsuits come from Kern
Valley State Prison near Delano, Corcoran
and Wasco as well as Avenal and Pleasant
Valley. They say state prison officials violated the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition
against cruel and unusual punishment in
housing inmates vulnerable to Valley fever
in the prisons.
“The American system of criminal justice requires that state correctional authorities carry out the exact sentence determined
by the judicial process — no more and no
less,” the lawsuit filed on behalf of the

F

Rock!

more than 160 Avenal and Pleasant Valley inmates, states. “Instead, Defendants
knowingly imposed on plaintiffs a lifelong,
crippling, and sometimes fatal disease in
addition to their lawfully determined sentences.”
See: http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article23306760.html#storylink=cpy

Number of Terrorist Killed in
Drone Strikes only 2%

A

study by Stanford Law School and
New York University’s School of
Law notes the number of Islamic
terrorists killed as a percentage of total casualties in drone strikes stands at a paltry
2 percent. The study also casts doubts on
Washington’s claims that these attacks produced few civilian casualties. An investigation by the human-rights group Reprieve
indicates that drone bombings on al-Qaida
members in Pakistan resulted in the death
of 874 innocent men, women and children.
In Yemen 17 men were targeted and 273
people (seven of them children) were killed
in the process.
The use of drone warfare is a disasterin-the-making. When you kill people who
are not the enemy, you simply create more
enemies.
http://www.times-standard.com/opinion/20150606/drone-strikes-equal-collateral-massacre

Israeli Prison Service to Stop
Providing Medication for Detainees
By IMEMC News & Agencies
inister of detainees and ex-detainees affairs committee, Issa
Qaraqe, says that the Israeli
prison administration has decided to stop
providing Palestinian prisoners with medication, under the pretext of an allegedly insufficient budget.
Qaraqe told WAFA Palestinian News &
Info Agency that prison service informed
detainees that they have to buy their medicine from their private funds.
Israel’s Manual on the Laws of War
(1998) provides that, “Prisoners must be
administered proper medical care, at the
expense of the detaining State and a monthly follow-up examination must be made of
each detainee’s state of health. It is incumbent on the detaining State to provide the
prisoners with sufficient food, drink and

M

Volume 4, Number 8

clothing,” reported the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
Article 10 of the International Covenant
on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) requires treating “All persons deprived of
their liberty (with) humanity and respect
for the inherent dignity of the human person.”
Geneva’s Common Article 3 requires
“humane treatment for all persons in enemy
hands, specifically prohibit(ing) murder,
mutilation, torture, cruel, humiliating and
degrading treatment (and) unfair trial(s).”
To be noted, Palestinian prisoners detained in Israeli jails are subjected to a systematic policy of medical negligence by the
prisons administration, further worsening
their already precarious health conditions.
According to Addameer Prisoner Support and Human Rights Association, “Israeli authorities are responsible for prisoners regularly neglect their duties to provide
medical support for Palestinian prisoners in
their care, as required by the Geneva Conventions.”
According to the Global Research website, “Treatment is often inadequate and is
delivered after substantial delays. Often
medication is limited to over-the-counter
pain killers.”
It said, since 1967, dozens of Palestinian prisoners died from medical neglect,
many of whom painfully over a prolonged
period, which is a crime against humanity
by all standard.
The number of sick prisoners detained in
Israeli jails has reached 1500, of whom 80
prisoners are suffering from serious health
problems and do not receive the necessary
treatment; they suffer from malignant diseases, paralysis, and disabilities, in addition to cases of mental illness and neurological disorder.
http://www.imemc.org/article/71976

Report Reveals $8.5 Trillion
Missing From Pentagon
Budget:

Y

ou read that right. While Republican politicians rush to slash food
stamps for the 47 million Americans living in poverty - the highest amount
in nearly two decades. The D.O.D.’s 2012
budget totaled $565.8 billion, more than
the annual defense budgets of the 10 next
largest military spenders combined, including Russia and China.
http://crooksandliars.com/2015/06/
report-reveals-85-trillion-missing

Quote Box
"Believe nothing just because a so-called
wise person said it. Believe nothing just
because a belief is generally held. Believe nothing just because it is said in
ancient books. Believe nothing just because it is said to be of divine origin. Believe nothing just because someone else
believes it. Believe only what you yourself test and judge to be true."
Buddha
Hindu Prince Gautama Siddharta
“A new fascism promises security from
the terror of crime. All that is required
is that we take away the criminals’
rights—which, of course, are our own.
Out of our desperaƟon and fear we begin to feel a sense of security from the
new totalitarian state.”
Gerry Spence Lawyer and author, 1998
"The modern conservaƟve is engaged in
one of man's oldest exercises in moral
philosophy: that is the search for a superior moral jusƟficaƟon for selfishness."
John Kenneth Galbraith
"If liberty means anything at all, it means
the right to tell people what they do not
want to hear."
- George Orwell
What we think, or what we know, or
what we believe is, in the end, of liƩle
consequence. The only consequence is
what we do.
John Ruskin (1819 - 1900)
"If there is some corner of the world
which has remained peaceful, but with
a peace based on injusƟces - the peace
of a swamp with roƩen maƩer fermenting in its depths - we may be sure that
that peace is false. Violence aƩracts
violence. Let us repeat fearlessly and
ceaselessly: injusƟces bring revolt, either from the oppressed or from the
young, determined to fight for a more
just and more human world."
Dom Helder Camara (1971)
"As long as the world shall last there will
be wrongs, and if no man objected and
no man rebelled, those wrongs would
last forever."
Clarence Darrow
9

Important Notice

Free Electronic Copy

Articles and letters sent to the
Rock newsletter for publication are
currently being delivered and received in a timely manner. Please
do not send such materials to third
parties to be forwarded to Rock as it
only delays receiving them and adds
to the workload of those asked to do
the forwarding.
Letters sent to Rock (located in
Seattle) in care of Prison Focus (located in Oakland) can take over a
month to reach us. Send Rock mail
to this newsletter's return address
(below). Anything for publication in
Prison Focus can be sent either to
me or to CPF in Oakland.

Outside people can read, download, or print current and back issues
of the Rock newsletter by going to
www.rocknewsletter.com and clicking on the issue of the Rock newsletter they'd like to read.
Outside folks can also have a
free electronic copy of the newsletter sent to them each month by way
of e-mail. Have them send requests
for a digital copy of the newsletter to
ed@rocknewsletter.com.

Shout Out Box

We're back! Shouting out to
Juan Medina and the men
of Soledad's C-Lower for
their donation of 150 forever
stamps.

Rock On!

On Jailhouse Lawyers
“…jailhouse lawyers often unwittingly serve the interests of the state
by propagating the illusion of ‘justice’
and ‘equity’ in a system devoted to
neither.” They create “illusions of legal options as pathways to both individual and collective liberation.”
Mumia Abu-Jamal,
JAILHOUSE LAWYERS: Prisoners
Defending Prisoners v. The U.S.A.

Ed Mead, Publisher
Rock Newsletter
P.O. Box 47439
Seattle, WA 98146

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