U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs

Bureau of Justice Statistics

Bulletin

June 2008, NCJ 221944

Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007
William J. Sabol, Ph.D.
and Heather Couture,
BJS Statisticians
On June 30, 2007, state and federal correctional authorities
had jurisdiction over 1,595,034 prisoners. Of these, 87.5%
were under state jurisdiction and 12.5% were under federal
jurisdiction (table 1).1 More than 95% of prisoners under
state and federal jurisdiction were sentenced to more than
1 year. At midyear 2007, the imprisonment rate of persons
sentenced to more than 1 year was 509 per 100,000 U.S.
residents. Jurisdiction refers to the legal authority over a
prisoner regardless of where a prisoner is held. Imprisonment rate refers to the number of persons incarcerated in
state and federal prisons per 100,000 U.S. residents.
Growth in the prison population slowed slightly during
the first six months of 2007
Growth in the number of prisoners under state or federal
jurisdiction slowed slightly during the first six months of
2007, compared to the same period in 2006. Between January and June 2007, the prison population increased by
1.6% (or 24,919 prisoners), compared to a 2% increase
during the first six months of 2006 (figure 1).
The slowdown in the overall growth rate of the prison population during the first half of 2007 was due to a decline in
the growth rate of prisoners under state jurisdiction. During
the first six months of 2007, the number of prisoners under
state jurisdiction grew at a slower rate (1.4%) compared to
the same period in 2006 (2%). Prisoners under federal
jurisdiction increased more rapidly during the first six
months in 2007 (3.1%) compared to the same period in
2006 (1.8%).
_______
1

State-level prison population data and other detailed information
are available in Appendix tables on the BJS Website at
<http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/pim07.pdf.>

Table 1. Prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction,
by selected characteristics, December 31, 2000 and 2006,
and June 30, 2007
Number of prisoners
Percent
12/31/2000 12/31/2006 06/30/2007 06/30/2007
Totala
Federal
State

1,391,261
145,416
1,245,845

1,570,115
193,046
1,377,069

1,595,034
199,118
1,395,916

100%
12.5
87.5

Gender
Male
Female

1,298,027
93,234

1,457,641
112,474

1,479,726
115,308

92.8%
7.2

Sentence length
More than 1 year
1 year or lessb

1,331,278
59,983

1,502,179
67,936

1,528,041
66,993

95.8%
4.2

Sentenced
imprisonment ratec
Total
Male
Female

478
915
59

501
943
68

509
957
69

a
Includes prisoners under the authority of state or federal correctional
officials regardless of the facility in which they were held.
bIncludes unsentenced prisoners.
cImprisonment rates are based on U.S. Census Bureau population
estimates per 100,000 U.S. residents. Resident population estimates
are as of January 1 for yearend and July 1 for midyear.

Percent change in number of prisoners under jurisdiction
of state or federal correctional authorities during the first
six months of 2006 and 2007
Percent change
3.5%

Six months ending June 30

3.0%
2.5%
2.0%

2006
2007

1.5%
1.0%
0.5%
0.0%
Total

Figure 1

Federal

State

Growth during the first half of the year generally
outpaced growth during the second half
More rapid growth during the first six months of the year
compared to the second six months was generally
observed in the nation’s prison population (figure 2). With
the exception of 2002, the majority of annual change in the
total prison population occurred during the first six months
between 2000 and 2006.
In 2000 and 2001, almost all of the annual growth in the
nation’s prison population occurred during the first 6-month
periods. Growth in the prison population slowed in the second half of 2000 and decreased between July and December 2001.
During 2005 slightly more than half of the annual growth in
the prison population occurred during the first half of the
year. A little less than half of the growth in 2005 occurred
during the second half of the year.

All but two (Florida and Pennsylvania) of the10 largest
states in 2000 reported slower prison growth during the first
six months of 2007 than during the first half of 2006. During
the same period, Michigan and Louisiana reported
decreases of 1.8% and 0.1%, respectively (appendix
table 1).

Annual and 6-month percent change in number
of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction
Percent change
3.0

Annual change

2.5

1st 6
mos.

2.0

Prison populations in the 10 states with the largest number
of prisoners in 2000 increased during 2006 at more than
three times (3.2%) the average annual rate of growth
(0.9%) from 2000 through 2005.2 During the first half of
2007, growth in the number of prisoners in these states
slowed to 0.7%, a 71% decline in the rate of growth from
2006. The 10 states included Texas, California, Florida,
New York, Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Georgia, Pennsylvania,
and Louisiana.3
Within these 10 states, the majority of the annual growth
during 2006 occurred during the first six months of the year
(figure 3). Prison populations grew by 2.3% during the 6month period ending June 30, 2006, and increased by
an additional 0.9% during the 6-month period ending
December 31, 2006.
Growth in the prison population in the remaining 40 states
increased by 1.6% during the first six months of 2006 and
by 2.2% during the first six months of 2007.
______
2

Prisoners in 2006, BJS Bulletin, December 2007 (p. 3) NCJ 219416.

3

By December 31, 2006, North Carolina replaced Louisiana as the
state with the tenth largest prison population.

H

H

H

H

2nd 6
mos.

1.5

Growth during the first half of 2007 slowed in states
with the largest prison populations

1.0

H

0.5
0.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Figure 2

Percent change in 6-month periods in number
of prisoners under jurisdiction, by groupings
of size of state
Percent change
2.5

B

J

2.0

Top 10

1.5 J
1.0

Remainder

0.5

B
B
J

0.0
January-June 2006

July-Dec 2006

6-month periods
Figure 3

2 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

H

H

January-June 2007

Six-month growth rates in states ranged Table 2. Prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional
from increases of more than 8% to
authorities, by region and jurisdiction, December 31, 2000 and 2006,
and June 30, 2007
decreases of 3%
During the first six months of 2007, the
prison population increased in 41 states
and declined in 8 states (table 2). Wyoming
was the only state that did not report a
change. Twenty-six of the 41 states that
reported an increase exceeded the overall
percentage increase (1.4%) in prisoners
under jurisdiction of state correctional
authorities nationwide. Minnesota (8.6%)
reported the largest percentage increase
during the first six months of 2007, and
Montana (down 2.9%) reported the largest
percentage decrease. Florida reported the
largest absolute increase (2,109) in the
size of its prison population, and Michigan
reported the largest absolute decrease
(929).

12/31/00

12/31/06

6/30/07

Average
annual change
12/31/0012/31/06

1,391,261
145,416
1,245,845

1,570,115
193,046
1,377,069

1,595,034
199,118
1,395,916

2.0%
4.8
1.7

1.6%
3.1
1.4

Northeast
Connecticuta
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Islanda
Vermonta

174,826
18,355
1,679
10,722
2,257
29,784
70,199
36,847
3,286
1,697

177,817
20,566
2,120
11,032
2,805
27,371
63,315
44,397
3,996
2,215

180,980
20,780
2,185
11,440
2,814
28,378
63,536
45,563
4,119
2,165

0.3%
1.9
4.0
0.5
3.7
-1.4
-1.7
3.2
3.3
4.5

1.8%
1.0
3.1
3.7
0.3
3.7
0.3
2.6
3.1
-2.3

Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowab
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

237,378
45,281
20,125
7,955
8,344
47,718
6,238
27,543
3,895
1,076
45,833
2,616
20,754

261,466
45,106
26,091
8,875
8,816
51,577
9,108
30,167
4,407
1,363
49,166
3,359
23,431

264,066
45,565
26,833
8,837
8,850
50,648
9,891
29,942
4,435
1,435
50,418
3,446
23,766

1.6%
-0.1
4.4
1.8
0.9
1.3
6.5
1.5
2.1
4.0
1.2
4.3
2.0

1.0%
1.0
2.8
-0.4
0.4
-1.8
8.6
-0.7
0.6
5.3
2.5
2.6
1.4

561,214
26,332
11,915
6,921
7,456
71,319
44,232
14,919
35,207
23,538
20,241
31,266
23,181
21,778
22,166
166,719
30,168
3,856

622,817
28,241
13,729
7,206
~
92,969
52,792
20,000
37,012
22,945
21,068
37,460
25,497
23,616
25,745
172,116
36,688
5,733

633,236
29,244
13,914
7,521
~
95,078
53,226
21,644
36,981
23,123
21,758
38,179
25,686
24,093
26,453
172,626
37,824
5,886

1.8%
1.2
2.4
0.7
~
4.5
3.0
5.0
0.8
-0.4
0.7
3.1
1.6
1.4
2.5
0.5
3.3
6.8

1.7%
3.6
1.3
4.4
~
2.3
0.8
8.2
-0.1
0.8
3.3
1.9
0.7
2.0
2.8
0.3
3.1
2.7

Region and
jurisdiction
U.S. Total
Federal
State

Between 2000 and 2006, the prison populations decreased in New York, New Jersey, Maryland, and Illinois; however, during
the first six months of 2007, the prison
population increased in these states. The
largest growth occurred in New Jersey. At
South
midyear 2007, New Jersey reported an
Alabama
increase of 3.7%, up from an annual aver- Arkansas
Delawarea
age decrease of 1.4% from December
District of Columbiac
2000 to December 2006.
Florida
For most state prison systems, long-term
growth rates (the average annual percent
change between yearend 2000 and
yearend 2006) differed from short-term
growth rates (first six months of 2007). In
Massachusetts the long-term growth rate
for the prison population increased 0.5%,
compared to a 3.7% short-term rate. In
Michigan the prison population had an
average annual increase of 1.3% between
yearend 2000 and yearend 2006, compared to a decline of 1.8% in the first six
months of 2007.

Georgiab
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

Number of prisoners

Percent
change
12/31/066/30/07

West
272,427
314,969
317,634
2.4%
0.8%
4,173
5,069
5,312
3.3
4.8
Alaskaa
26,510
35,892
37,088
5.2
3.3
Arizonab
California
163,001
175,512
176,059
1.2
0.3
Colorado
16,833
22,481
22,662
4.9
0.8
a
5,053
5,967
6,039
2.8
1.2
Hawaii
Idaho
5,535
7,124
7,357
4.3
3.3
Montana
3,105
3,572
3,469
2.4
-2.9
Nevada
10,063
12,901
13,034
4.2
1.0
New Mexico
5,342
6,639
6,526
3.7
-1.7
Oregon
10,580
13,707
14,012
4.4
2.2
Utah
5,637
6,430
6,524
2.2
1.5
Washington
14,915
17,561
17,438
2.8
-0.7
Wyoming
1,680
2,114
2,114
3.9
0.0
~ Not applicable. See footnote c.
aPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.
b
Population based on custody counts.
c
As of December 30, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the
responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.

Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007 3

Growth in sentenced prisoners mirrored growth in all
prisoners under jurisdiction
The number of prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year
increased 1.7% between December 31, 2006 and June 30,
2007, or at about the same rate as the total number of prisoners under jurisdiction (table 3). During the 6-month
period ending June 30, 2007, the percentage change in the
number of sentenced male and female prisoners increased
at about the same rates as the overall percentage change
in the number of prisoners under jurisdiction. Female prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year (2.9%) increased at a
slightly faster rate than the overall female prison population
(2.5%).
On June 30, 2007, the imprisonment rate for prisoners
sentenced to more than 1 year was 509 per 100,000 U.S.
residents, up from 501 at yearend 2006. Male prisoners
sentenced to more than 1 year were imprisoned at a rate of
957 per 100,000 male residents; female prisoners were
imprisoned at a rate of 69 per 100,000 female residents.
Table 3. Number of prisoners under state or federal
jurisdiction, by gender, December 31, 2000,
June 30, 2006 and 2007
All prisoners
Number of prisoners under
jurisdictiona
12/31/2000
12/31/2006
6/30/2007

1,391,261
1,570,115
1,595,034

Male

1,298,027
1,457,641
1,479,726

Female

93,234
112,474
115,308

Average annual change,
2000-2006

2.0%

2.0%

3.2%

Percent change, 2006-2007

1.6%

1.5%

2.5%

Number under jurisdiction
sentenced to more than 1 year
12/31/2000
1,331,278
12/31/2006
1,502,179
6/30/2007
1,528,041

1,246,234
1,399,075
1,421,988

85,044
103,104
106,053

Average annual change,
2000-2006

2.0%

1.9%

3.3%

Percent change, 2006-2007

1.7%

1.6%

2.9%

478
501
509

915
943
957

59
68
69

Imprisonment rateb
12/31/2000
12/31/2006
6/30/2007

Prison admissions growth outpaced growth in releases
During 2006 (the most recent data available on prison
admissions and releases), the number of sentenced prisoners admitted to state or federal prisons increased to
749,798, up 2.3% over the number admitted in 2005 (table
4). Sentenced prisoners released during 2006 reached
713,473, up 2.1% over the number released in 2005.4
From yearend 2000 to 2006, the growth in prison admissions (3.1%) exceeded releases (2.8%) (figure 4). The
faster rate of growth in the number of admissions was consistent with the general increase of sentenced prisoners
between 2000 and 2006.
______
4To avoid

double counting, BJS counts of sentenced admissions and
releases exclude transfers, escapes, and AWOLs.

Table 4. Number of sentenced prisoners admitted and
released from state or federal jurisdiction during the
calendar year, 2000-2006
Total*

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006

625,219
638,978
661,082
686,437
699,812
733,009
749,798

Average annual
change,
2000-2006

See Appendix tables 2, 3, 4 and 5 for jurisdiction specific information.
The total number of prisoners with a sentence of more than 1 year per
100,000 U.S. residents. Resident population estimates are as of January 1 for yearend and July 1 for midyear.

43,732
45,140
48,144
52,288
52,982
56,057
57,495

3.1%

Total*

581,487
593,838
612,938
634,149
646,830
676,952
692,303

4.7%

2.9%

Releases
Federal State

604,858
628,626
630,176
656,384
672,202
698,459
713,473

35,259
38,370
42,339
44,199
46,624
47,981
47,920

2.8%

569,599
590,256
587,837
612,185
625,578
650,478
665,553

5.2%

Percent change,
2005-2006
2.3
2.6
2.3
2.1
Note: Totals exclude transfers, escapes, and AWOLs.
*See Appendix table 6 for jurisdiction-specific counts.

-0.1

2.3

Change in number of
sentenced prisoners

Number of admissions
and releases
800,000

B

50,000

B

700,000

600,000

Admissions
B
J

B
J

B
J

B
J

B
J

J
J

Releases

40,000
30,000
20,000

500,000
10,000
400,000

0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
12 months ending December 31
Note: Admissions and releases exclude transfers,
escapes, and AWOLs.
Figure 4

4 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

2.6%

Number of admissions and releases, and change
in number of sentenced prisoners, 2000-2006

a
b

Admissions
Federal
State

Year

State admissions for parole violations grew more
rapidly than new court commitments
During 2006, state prisons admitted 692,303 sentenced
prisoners, an increase of 2.3% since yearend 2005 (table
5). New court commitments accounted for about 64% of
sentenced admissions in 2006, a percentage that has fluctuated between 60% and 64% since 2000.
About a third (239,495) of all admissions to state prisons in
2006 were offenders sentenced for violations of parole or
conditions of supervised release. This was a 3.1% increase
over the 232,229 prisoners admitted for parole violations in
2005. Since 2000, the percentage of state prison admissions for parole violations fluctuated between a high of
36.3% in 2001 to a low of 33.1% in 2003 (figure 5). Parole
violators were 34.6% of admissions to prison at yearend
2006.

Between midyear 2006 and midyear 2007, based on
reporting from 49 states, the total number of prisoners
under jurisdiction in private facilities increased 3.3% (or by
2,834 prisoners). Over a third of this growth was contributed by Arizona. Arizona reported an increase of 957 prisoners which was offset by decreases in other states
(appendix table 8). Illinois did not report data in 2007 and
did not have offenders in private facilities in 2006.
Percentage of all commitments to state prisons for
parole violations
Percent of all commitments
40%
30%

California had both the largest absolute number and percentage increase of admissions for parole violations. In
2006, 64.9% of all admissions in California were for parole
violations, down from 68.9% in 2000 (not shown in table).
Excluding California, parole violations represented slightly
more than a quarter of all state prison admissions in 2006.

Table 5. Number of sentenced admissions into state
prisons, by type of admission, 2000-2006
Year

Totala

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006

581,487
593,838
612,938
634,149
646,830
676,952
692,303

Admissions
New court commitments Parole violatorsb
350,431
365,714
392,661
399,843
411,300
421,426
441,606

203,569
215,450
207,961
209,753
219,033
232,229
239,495

a

Totals based on inmates with a sentence of more than 1 year.
Totals exclude transfers, escapes, and AWOLs to and from other
jurisdictions.

Excluding California

20%

10%

0%
2000

Use of private facilities and local jails by federal
correctional authorities increased 12%
At midyear 2007, there were 118,239 prisoners under jurisdiction in privately operated facilities, up 5.4% (6,105 prisoners) from 112,134 at midyear 2006 (table 6). During
2007, the number of prisoners under federal jurisdiction in
private facilities increased by 3,271, up 12.1% from June
30, 2006.

All states

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
12 months ending December 31

2006

Figure 5

Table 6. Number of prisoners held in private facilities,
June 30, 2000-2007
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007

Number of prisoners
Total
Federal
State
90,542
91,953
93,912
95,522
98,901
101,720
112,134
118,239

Average annual
change,
2000-2006

3.6%

Percent change,
2006-2007

5.4

15,524
19,251
20,274
21,865
24,768
26,544
27,108
30,379

9.7%
12.1

75,018
72,702
73,638
73,657
74,133
75,176
85,026
87,860

Percent of all
prisoners
6.5%
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.6
6.9
7.2
7.4

2.1%
3.3

bParole violators include inmates with revoked parole, other conditional release violators, and intermediate sanctions imposed upon
parolees in lieu of revoking parole.

Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007 5

On June 30, 2007, state and federal correctional authorities
reported 79,688 prisoners under jurisdiction in local jails,
an increase of 2.3% over the 77,903 reported at midyear
2006 (table 7). In both years, 5% of prisoners under state
or federal jurisdiction were housed in local jails. During
2007, federal officials increased the number of prisoners
housed in local jails by 243 prisoners, up 12.9% from June
30, 2006. State officials increased the number housed in
local jails by 1,542 prisoners, up 2.0% from midyear 2006.
The majority of this growth can be attributed to the growth
in Kentucky (1,588) and Virginia (1,137) (not shown in
table).
Inmates held in state or federal prison or in local jails
increased to nearly 2.3 million
On June 30, 2007, an estimated 2.3 million inmates were
held in custody in state or federal prison facilities or in local
jails (table 8). About two-thirds (66%) of inmates in custody
were held in prison, while about a third (34%) were held in
local jails.
The custody count is defined as all inmates held in state or
federal public prison facilities, inmates held in privately
operated facilities, and inmates held in local jails, regardless of length of sentence and state holding jurisdiction. It
does not include inmates held in U.S. Territories, military
facilities, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement facilities, jails in Indian Country, and juvenile facilities.

During the first six months of 2007, the custody population
grew 1.8% compared to an average annual growth rate of
2.6% from yearend 2000 to yearend 2006. The incarceration rate for inmates in custody increased to 762 persons
per 100,000 U.S. residents at midyear 2007, up from 751 at
yearend 2006. Incarceration rate refers to the number of
inmates held in state or federal prisons or in local jails per
100,000 U.S. residents.
Table 7. Number of prisoners under jurisdiction in local
jails, June 30, 2001-2007
Number of prisoners
Federal
State

Year

Total

2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007

67,901
71,248
73,698
76,067
75,993
77,903
79,688

2,923
3,336
1,379
1,066
1,066
1,882
2,125

Percent of
all prisoners

64,978
67,912
72,319
75,001
74,927
76,021
77,563

Average annual
change,
2001-2006

2.8%

-8.4%

3.2%

Percent change,
2006-2007

2.3

12.9

2.0

4.8%
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.0
5.0
5.0

Note: Jurisdiction counts for prisoners in local jails were not collected
at midyear 2000.

Table 8. Prisoners and inmates held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, December 31, 2000-2006
and June 30, 2007

2000
Total inmates in custody

2001

2002

December 31
2003
2004

2005

2006

1,937,482 1,961,247 2,033,022 2,081,580 2,135,335 2,195,873 2,258,983

Average
annual
change,
June 30, 2007 2000-2006

Percent
change,
12/31/200606/30/2007

2,299,116

2.6%

1.8%

5.3%
5.4
4.6

3.1%
2.9
2.0

a

Federal prisons
Total
Prisons
Federal facilities
Privately operated
facilities
Community
Corrections Centersb
State prisoners
Inmates held in local jailsc
Incarceration rated

140,064
133,921
124,540

149,852
143,337
130,601

158,216
151,618
137,942

168,144
161,673
146,279

177,600
170,535
152,832

186,364
179,220
159,318

190,844
183,381
163,118

196,804
188,779
166,425

9,381

12,736

13,676

15,394

17,703

19,902

20,263

22,354

13.7

10.3

6,143

6,515

6,598

6,471

7,065

7,144

7,463

8,025

3.3

7.5

1,176,269 1,180,155 1,209,331 1,222,135 1,243,745 1,261,980 1,302,129

1,321,731

1.7%

1.5%

3.6

1.9

621,149

631,240

665,475

691,301

713,990

747,529

766,010

780,581

684

685

701

712

723

737

751

762

Note: Counts include all inmates held in public and private adult correctional facilities and in local jails.
a

As of December 30, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.

b

Non-secure, privately operated community corrections centers.

c

Counts for inmates held in local jails are for the last working day of June in each year. Counts were estimated from the Annual Survey of Jails
in every year except 2005 when a Census of Jail Inmates was conducted. See Methodology.
dThe total number in custody per 100,000 U.S. residents. Resident population estimates were as of January 1 of the following year for
December 31 estimates. Resident population estimates are as of July 1, 2007 for June 30, 2007 estimates.

6 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

Black males ages 30 to 34 had the highest custody
incarceration rate of any race, age, or gender group

(35.9%) were ages 30 and 39. The largest percentage
(36.8%) of Hispanic females in custody was ages 20 to 29.

Of the 2.3 million inmates in custody, 2.1 million were men
and 208,300 were women (table 9). Black males represented the largest percentage (35.4%) of inmates held in
custody, followed by white males (32.9%) and Hispanic
males (17.9%).

The custody incarceration rate for black males was 4,618
per 100,000. Hispanic males were incarcerated at a rate of
1,747 per 100,000. Compared to the estimated numbers of
black, white, and Hispanic males in the U.S. resident population, black males (6 times) and Hispanic males (a little
more than 2 times) were more likely to be held in custody
than white males. At midyear 2007 the estimated incarceration rate of white males was 773 per 100,000.

Over a third (33.8%) of the total male custody population
was ages 20 to 29 (appendix table 10). The largest percentage of black (35.5%) and Hispanic (39.9%) males held
in custody were ages 20 to 29. White males ages 35 to 44
accounted for the largest percentage (30.1%) of the white
male custody population.
The largest percentage (35.9%) of the female custody population was ages 30 to 39. Over a third of white females

Across all age categories, black males were incarcerated
at higher rates than white or Hispanic males. Black males
ages 30 to 34 had the highest custody incarceration rate of
any race, age, or gender group at midyear 2007 (table 10).

Table 9. Estimated number of persons held in state or federal prisons or local jails, by gender, race,
Hispanic origin, and age, June 30, 2007
Male
Age
Total
18-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65 or older

Totala
2,090,800
86,600
353,300
354,100
328,600
303,100
273,600
184,200
96,800
50,500
21,700
17,700

Whiteb
755,500
27,100
108,200
106,200
109,500
113,700
114,200
77,500
43,300
26,600
13,200
10,900

Blackb

Hispanic

Totala

Whiteb

Female
Blackb

Hispanic

814,700
36,500
145,600
143,400
125,600
118,200
103,300
71,200
35,500
15,000
5,200
4,500

410,900
17,700
80,100
83,900
73,800
55,000
41,900
27,800
13,900
7,600
3,300
2,100

208,300
5,500
31,000
32,000
35,500
39,000
32,700
18,200
8,000
3,300
1,200
800

96,600
2,300
14,200
14,500
16,400
18,300
15,000
8,400
4,200
1,800
700
600

67,600
1,500
9,000
10,000
11,600
13,200
11,600
6,500
2,300
700
400
100

32,100
1,300
6,100
5,700
5,700
5,200
3,900
2,200
1,000
600
100
100

Note: Detailed categories exclude persons who reported two or more races. See Appendix table 10 for percent distributions by age and race.
a

Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races.

b

Excludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin.

Table 10. Estimated number of inmates held in state or federal prison or in local jails per 100,000 residents, by gender, race,
Hispanic origin, and age, June 30, 2007
Male
Age
Total
18-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65 or older

Totala
1,406
1,995
3,256
3,286
3,317
2,844
2,496
1,630
940
571
313
111

Whiteb
773
1,016
1,631
1,686
1,904
1,704
1,566
968
569
394
242
84

Blackb
4,618
5,710
9,692
10,384
10,688
9,577
8,148
5,665
3,300
1,751
890
373

Hispanic

Totala

Whiteb

1,747
2,383
4,043
3,607
3,388
2,824
2,489
2,025
1,342
995
628
195

136
133
304
311
369
371
297
157
74
35
16
4

95
90
226
233
288
278
205
103
54
26
12
4

Female
Blackb
348
245
612
697
893
957
808
449
183
64
51
7

Hispanic
146
187
357
310
313
309
256
167
94
76
22
4

Note: Based on the U.S. resident population estimates for July 1, 2007, by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age. Detailed categories exclude
persons who reported two or more races.
a

Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying two or more races.

b

Excludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin.

Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007 7

At midyear 2007, the incarceration rate of black women
held in custody (prison or jail) was 348 per 100,000 U.S.
residents compared to 146 Hispanic women and 95 white
women. With the exception of females ages 55 to 59, black
women were held in custody at higher rates than Hispanic
or white women across all age categories.
Hispanic and white men accounted for more than half
of the increase to the custody population
Between 2000 and 2007, the number of inmates in custody
in prisons or jails increased by 367,200. Male inmates
(315,100) accounted for 86% of the increase to the custody
population (table 11). Female inmates (52,100) made up
the remaining 14%.
From midyear 2000 through midyear 2007, Hispanic men
(120,000) represented the largest increase to the custody
population. They accounted for a third (32.7%) of the overall change in the number of inmates in prison or jail. White
men accounted for a quarter (25.0%), and white women
for about a tenth (9.0%) of the overall change during this
period. Black men in prison or jail increased by 23,100 and
accounted for 6.3% of the overall change to the population.
Black women declined by 1,900 during this period.
Changes in the incarceration rates for men and women by
race were associated with changes to the overall composition of the custody population at midyear 2007. Black men
had an incarceration rate of 4,618 per 100,000 U.S. residents at midyear 2007, down from 4,777 at midyear 2000.
For white men, the midyear 2007 incarceration rate was
773 per 100,000 U.S. residents, up from 683 at midyear
2000. The ratio of the incarceration rates of black men to
white men declined from 7 to 6 during this period.
Changes in the incarceration rates for women were more
distinct. At midyear 2000, black women were incarcerated
at a rate 6 times that of white women (or 380 per 100,000
U.S. residents versus 63 per 100,000 U.S. residents). By
June 30, 2007, the incarceration rate for black women
declined to 3.7 times that of white women (or 348 versus
95). An 8.4% decline in the incarceration rate for black
women and a 51% increase in the rate for white women
accounted for the overall decrease in the incarceration rate
of black women relative to white women at midyear 2007.

Estimated number of non-U.S. citizens and juveniles
in state custody increased
An estimated 96,703 non-U.S. citizens were held in state or
federal custody on June 30, 2007, up an estimated 3.7%
from the estimated 93,267 reported to be held in custody
on June 30, 2006 (table 12). Three states (Florida, Illinois,
and Oregon) not providing data on non-U.S. citizens for
midyear 2007 reported holding 8,556 non-U.S. citizens in
custody at midyear 2006.
The federal system and 40 states reported in both 2006
and 2007. In these 41 jurisdictions the number of non-U.S.
citizens increased from 82,497 to 84,942 (not shown in
table). California reported an increase of 2,598 non-U.S.
citizens; Georgia reported an increase of 1,018.
Table 11. Total change in number of persons held in
custody in prison or local jail, June 30, 2000 to 2007
Total
a

Total
Males
Whiteb
Blackb
Hispanic
Females
Whiteb
Blackb
Hispanic

Percent

367,200
315,100
91,800
23,100
120,000
52,100
32,900
-1,900
12,600

100%
85.8%
25.0
6.3
32.7
14.2%
9.0
-0.5
3.4

Note: Numbers were estimated and rounded to the nearest 100.
aIncludes

American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native
Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders, and persons identifying
two or more races.

b

Excludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin.

Table 12. Number of non-U.S. citizens held in state
or federal prisons, June 30, 2000-2007
Year
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006a
2006b
2007a
2007b
Average annual
change,
2000-2006
a
b

Total
89,676
87,917
88,677
90,568
91,815
91,089
91,053
93,267
87,226
96,703

0.3%

Male
86,130
84,196
84,931
86,751
88,013
87,430
87,353
89,485
83,657
92,739

0.2%

Female
3,546
3,721
3,746
3,817
3,802
3,659
3,700
3,782
3,569
3,964

0.7%

Totals based on numbers reported by states.

Totals estimated. Nevada and Virginia did not provided data on
non-U.S. citizens in custody at midyear 2006. Florida, Illinois, and
Oregon did not provide data on non-citizens in custody at midyear
2007. See Methodology.

8 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

On June 30, 2007, state officials held an estimated 2,639
juveniles (persons under age 18) in custody, a 10.4%
increase from the estimated 2,390 juveniles held in custody
on June 30, 2006 (table 13). Florida, Illinois, and Oregon
did not report data on the number of juveniles held in custody in 2007. In 2006, these three states collectively had
custody of 330 juveniles.
In the 44 states that reported in 2006 and 2007, the number
of juveniles increased by 199, from 2,034 to 2,233 (not
shown in table). Alabama (38), Michigan (37), and Mississippi (34) accounted for over half of this growth.
Table 13. Number of persons under age 18 held in state
prisons, June 30, 2000-2007
Year

Total

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006a
2006b
2007a
2007b

3,896
3,147
3,038
2,741
2,485
2,208
2,364
2,390
2,280
2,639

Average annual
change,
2000-2006
aTotals
bTotals

-8.0%

Male
3,721
3,010
2,927
2,627
2,375
2,118
2,260
2,286
2,189
2,523

-8.0%

Female
175
137
111
114
110
90
104
104
91
116

-8.3%

based on numbers reported by states.

estimated. Nevada did not provide data on juveniles in
custody at midyear 2006. Florida, Illinois, and Oregon did not provide
data on juveniles in custody at midyear 2007. See Methodology.

Methodology
National Prisoner Statistics
The National Prisoner Statistics (NPS) program has been
collecting statistics on prisoners at midyear and yearend
under a Congressional mandate since 1926. The Census
Bureau serves as the data collection agent for the Bureau
of Justice Statistics (BJS). BJS depends entirely upon the
voluntary participation of State Departments of Corrections
and the Federal Bureau of Prisons for NPS data.
The NPS distinguishes between prisoners in custody and
prisoners under jurisdiction. To have custody of a prisoner,
a state or the federal system must hold that prisoner in one
of its facilities. To have jurisdiction over a prisoner, a state
or the federal system must have legal authority over the
prisoner. Some states are unable to provide both custody
and jurisdiction counts.
The NPS jurisdiction counts include inmates held within a
jurisdiction’s facilities, including prisons, penitentiaries,
correctional facilities, halfway houses, boot camps, farms,
training/treatment centers, and hospitals. They include
inmates who are:
• temporarily absent (less than 30 days), out to court, or on
work release
• held in privately operated facilities, local jails, other state
or federal facilities
• serving a sentence for a responding jurisdiction and
another jurisdiction at the same time.
The NPS custody counts include all inmates held within a
responding jurisdiction’s facilities, including inmates
housed for other jurisdictions. The custody counts exclude
inmates held in local jails and in other jurisdictions. With a
few exceptions for several responding jurisdictions, the
NPS custody counts exclude inmates held in privately operated facilities.
The NPS counts also include all inmates in state-operated
facilities in Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode
Island, and Vermont, which have combined jail-prison systems. Since 2001 NPS prisoner counts have excluded
inmates held by the District of Columbia, which as of
yearend 2001 operated only a jail system. Prisoners sentenced under the District of Columbia criminal code are
housed in federal facilities.
Illinois provided its 2007 total jurisdiction count. Combined
with the 2006 reported counts for gender and sentenced
individuals, ratio estimates were calculated to estimate the
2007 jurisdiction counts for males, females, and sentenced
individuals.

Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007 9

Illinois, Florida, and Oregon did not provide data for nonU.S. citizens and juveniles held in custody at midyear 2007.
Estimated totals were calculated using the custody, nonU.S. citizen, and juvenile information provided at midyear
2006.
For more information about the NPS data collection
instruments, see <http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/correct.htm#nps>.
Other inmate counts
With the exception of 2005, data on the number of inmates
held in the custody of local jails are from the BJS Annual
Survey of Jails (ASJ). The ASJ provides data on inmates in
custody at midyear. For more information about the ASJ,
see Methodology in Jail Inmates at Midyear 2007 (NCJ
221945).
The number of inmates held in the custody of local jails in
2005 are from the 2005 Census of Jail Inmates. The 2005
Census of Jail Inmates was the eighth in a series. Previous
censuses of jails were conducted in 1970, 1972, 1978,
1983, 1988, 1993 and 1999. To reduce respondent burden
and improve data quality and timeliness, the census was
split into two parts: the Census of Jail Inmates, 2005, and
the Census of Jail Facilities, 2006, (conducted on March
31, 2006). As in previous censuses, the U.S. Census
Bureau was the collection agent for BJS.
The 2005 Census of Jail Inmates included all locally administered confinement facilities (under the authority of 2,853
local jurisdictions). These facilities are intended for adults
but sometimes hold juveniles. They hold inmates beyond
arraignment and are staffed by municipal or county employees. The census also included 42 jails that were privately
operated under contract for local governments and 65
multi-jurisdiction jails that were administered by two or
more local governments. Included in the census, but
excluded from this report due to lack of comparability with
previous survey years, were 13 facilities maintained by the
Federal Bureau of Prisons and functioned as jails.
The census excluded temporary holding facilities, such as
drunk tanks and police lockups, that do not hold persons
after they are formally charged in court (usually within 72
hours of arrest). Also, the census excluded state-operated
facilities in Alaska, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Rhode
Island, and Vermont, which have combined jail-prison
systems.

10 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

Fourteen locally operated jails in Alaska were included.
All jail jurisdictions responded to the census, resulting in a
100% response rate.
Estimating age-specific incarceration rates
Estimates are provided for the number of persons held in
custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails by gender
(within genders by age group), race (non-Hispanic white
and non-Hispanic black), and Hispanic origin. The detailed
race and Hispanic origin categories exclude estimates of
persons identifying two or more races. For 2000 and 2007,
estimates were produced separately for inmates under
state and federal jurisdiction and then combined to obtain a
total estimated population. State estimates were prepared
by combining information about the gender of prisoners
from the NPS with information on self-reported race and
Hispanic origin from the 2004 Survey of Inmates of State
Correctional Facilities.
To estimate federal prisoners, the distributions of FJSP
counts of sentenced federal inmates by gender, age, race,
and Hispanic origin on September 30, 2006, were applied
to the NPS counts of sentenced federal inmates by gender
at midyear 2007. Estimates of the U.S. resident population
for July 1, 2007, by age, gender, race, and Hispanic origin,
were generated by applying the July 1, 2007 age distributions within gender, race, and Hispanic origin groups to the
June 30, 2007 population estimates by gender. The population estimates were provided by the U.S. Census Bureau.
Age-specific rates of incarceration for each demographic
group were calculated by dividing the estimated number of
sentenced prisoners within each age group by the estimated number of U.S. residents in each age group, multiplying the quotient by 100,000, and then rounding to the
nearest whole number. Totals by gender include all prisoners and U.S. residents regardless of racial or Hispanic origin, while incarceration rates for detailed race and Hispanic
origin groups exclude persons identifying two or more
races.

NPS jurisdiction notes
Alaska—Prisons and jails form one integrated system. All NPS data include jail
and prison populations housed in state
and out of state. Jurisdictional counts
exclude inmates held in local jails that are
operated by communities.
Arizona—Jurisdiction counts are based
on custody data and inmates in contracted
beds.
California—Non-citizens are defined as
inmates held by the U.S. Immigration and
Customs Enforcement. Jurisdiction counts
include felons and unsentenced inmates
who are temporarily housed in local jails or
in a hospital.
Colorado—Jurisdiction counts include
166 inmates housed in local jails, 4,542
inmates in Colorado contract facilities, and
209 inmates in the Youthful Offender System, which was established primarily for
violent juvenile offenders. Counts of
inmates with a sentence of more than 1
year include an undetermined number of
inmates with a sentence of 1 year or less.
Non-citizen is defined as foreign-born.
Jurisdiction counts are based on custody
counts. Counts for 2006 have been
revised to reflect custody counts instead of
jurisdiction counts.
Connecticut—Prison and jails form one
integrated system. All NPS data include
jail and prison populations.
Delaware—Prisons and jails form one
integrated system. All NPS data include
jail and prison populations.
Federal—Custody counts include inmates
housed in secure facilities where the
BOP had a direct contract with a private
operator or a sub-contract with a private
provider at a local government facility.
Custody includes 8,025 inmates held in
non-secure privately operated community
corrections centers (Halfway Houses) and
on home confinement.
Georgia—Counts are based on custody
data.
Hawaii—Prisons and jails form one integrated systems. All NPS data include jail
and prison populations. Non-citizen data
based only on inmates who reported their
citizenship. Custody counts exclude
inmates held in a state run hospital.

Illinois—Data provided only for jurisdiction counts and sentenced prisoner
counts. See Methodology.
Iowa—Jurisdiction counts are based on
custody data. Jurisdiction counts for
Inmates with a sentence of more than 1
year include an undetermined number of
inmates with a sentence of less than 1
year and unsentenced inmates. Iowa does
not differentiate between these groups in
its data system.
Louisiana—Counts are as of December
27, 2006. Counts include 14,953 males
and 1,244 females housed in local jails as
a result of a partnership with the Louisiana
Sheriffs’ Association and local authorities.
Custody and jurisdiction counts included
evacuees from Hurricane Katrina and
other pretrial offenders from Orleans and
Jefferson parish jails. Due to the effects of
Hurricane Katrina, Orleans and Jefferson
parish prison capacities are down. Local
jail population is down from the 2004
numbers.
Kansas—Jurisdiction counts of inmates
with a sentence of more than 1 year
include an undetermined number of
inmates with a sentence with a sentence
of more than 1 year. Citizen counts are
estimated.
Maryland—Jurisdiction counts by sentence length are estimates extracted from
actual sentence length breakdowns from
automated data and applied to totals
based on manual data. Non-citizen is
defined as foreign-born.
Massachusetts—By law, offenders may
be sentenced to terms of up to 2½ years
in locally-operated jails and correctional
institutions. Such populations are included
in counts and rates for local jails and correctional institutions. About 6,200 inmates
with sentences of more than one year
were held in local jails. Jurisdiction and
custody counts include an undetermined
number of inmates who were remanded to
court, transferred to the custody of another
state, federal, or locally-operated system,
and subsequently released.

Nevada—Due to a system conversion,
information provided is as of June 4, 2007.
New Jersey—Jurisdiction counts of
inmates with a sentence of more than 1
year include an undetermined number of
inmates with sentences of 1 year. The
Department of Corrections has no jurisdiction over inmates with sentences of less
than 1 year or over unsentenced inmates.
Citizenship data were not collected from
every inmate.
New York—Reports foreign-born inmates
rather than non-citizens.
Ohio—Jurisdiction counts of inmates with
a sentence of more than 1 year include an
undetermined number of inmates with
sentences of 1 year or less.
Oklahoma—Jurisdiction counts for
inmates with sentences of less than 1 year
consist mainly of offenders ordered by the
court to the Delayed Sentencing Program
for Young Adults pursuant to 22 O.S. 996
through 996.3. Non-citizen is defined as
any inmate with an ICE detainer.
Oregon—Jurisdiction counts include an
undetermined number of inmates with
sentences of one year or less. County
authorities retain jurisdiction over the
majority of these types of inmates.
Rhode Island—Prisons and jails form one
integrated system. All NPS data include
jail and prison populations.
Tennessee—Non-citizen defined as
foreign-born.
Vermont—Prisons and jails form one
integrated system. All NPS data include
jail and prison populations.

Mississippi—Does not collect citizenship
data.
Missouri—Non-citizen defined as foreignborn.

Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

11

U.S. Department of Justice
Office of Justice Programs
Bureau of Justice Statistics

*NCJ~221944*

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This report in portable document format
(includes 12 appendix tables) and in ASCII and
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Office of Justice Programs
Innovation • Partnerships • Safer Neighborhoods
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov

The Bureau of Justice Statistics is the statistical agency
of the U.S. Department of Justice. Jeffrey L. Sedgwick
is the director.
BJS Bulletins present the first release of findings from
permanent data collection programs.
This Bulletin was written by William J. Sabol, Ph.D.,
and Heather Couture. Todd D. Minton verified the
report.
Theresa M. Reitz carried out the data collection and
processing under the supervision of Charlene M.
Sebold, Governments Division, Census Bureau, U.S.
Department of Commerce. Duane H. Cavanaugh
provided technical assistance.
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produced the report, and Jayne Robinson prepared
the report for final printing under the supervision of
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June 2008, NCJ 221944

12 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

Appendix table 1. Growth in the number of prisoners under state or federal jurisdiction, December 31, 2005
and 2006, June 30, 2006 and 2007, by rank in 2000
Percent change
6/30/2006- 12/31/200612/31/2006 6/30/2007

Region and jurisdiction

12/31/2005

Number of prisoners
6/30/2006
12/31/2006

U.S. Total
Federal
State

1,527,929
187,618
1,340,311

1,558,235
191,080
1,367,155

1,570,115
193,046
1,377,069

1,595,034
199,118
1,395,916

2.0%
1.8
2.0

0.8%
1.0
0.7

1.6%
3.1
1.4

10 largest
Texas
California
Florida
New York
Michigan
Ohio
Illinois
Georgiaa
Pennsylvania
Louisiana

759,721
169,003
170,676
89,768
62,743
49,546
45,854
44,919
48,749
42,380
36,083

777,207
172,889
175,115
91,001
63,295
50,766
47,494
45,440
51,549
43,087
36,571

783,962
172,116
175,512
92,969
63,315
51,577
49,166
45,106
52,792
44,397
37,012

789,700
172,626
176,059
95,078
63,536
50,648
50,418
45,565
53,226
45,563
36,981

2.3%
2.3
2.6
1.4
0.9
2.5
3.6
1.2
5.7
1.7
1.4

0.9%
-0.4
0.2
2.2
0.0
1.6
3.5
-0.7
2.4
3.0
1.2

0.7%
0.3
0.3
2.3
0.3
-1.8
2.5
1.0
0.8
2.6
-0.1

2nd 10
North Carolina
Virginia
New Jersey
Missouri
Arizonaa
Alabama
Maryland
Oklahoma
Tennessee
South Carolina

290,286
36,365
35,344
27,359
30,823
33,565
27,888
22,737
26,676
26,369
23,160

293,429
37,201
36,074
28,436
30,657
34,962
27,888
23,084
25,375
26,119
23,633

293,622
37,460
36,688
27,371
30,167
35,892
28,241
22,945
25,497
25,745
23,616

300,010
38,179
37,824
28,378
29,942
37,088
29,244
23,123
25,686
26,453
24,093

1.1%
2.3
2.1
3.9
-0.5
4.2
0.0
1.5
-4.9
-0.9
2.0

0.1%
0.7
1.7
-3.7
-1.6
2.7
1.3
-0.6
0.5
-1.4
-0.1

2.2%
1.9
3.1
3.7
-0.7
3.3
3.6
0.8
0.7
2.8
2.0

3rd 10
Wisconsin
Mississippi
Indiana
Connecticutb
Colorado
Kentucky
Washington
Arkansas
Massachusetts
Oregon

183,262
22,697
20,515
24,455
19,442
21,456
19,662
17,382
13,541
10,701
13,411

186,755
23,005
21,085
25,504
20,054
22,145
20,005
16,633
13,570
11,109
13,645

189,666
23,431
21,068
26,091
20,566
22,481
20,000
17,561
13,729
11,032
13,707

194,247
23,766
21,758
26,833
20,780
22,662
21,644
17,438
13,914
11,440
14,012

1.9%
1.4
2.8
4.3
3.1
3.2
1.7
-4.3
0.2
3.8
1.7

1.6%
1.9
-0.1
2.3
2.6
1.5
0.0
5.6
1.2
-0.7
0.5

2.4%
1.4
3.3
2.8
1.0
0.8
8.2
-0.7
1.3
3.7
2.2

4th 10
Nevada
Kansas
Iowaa
Delawareb
Minnesota
Utah
Idaho
New Mexico
Hawaiib
Alaskab

76,563
11,782
9,068
8,737
6,966
9,281
6,382
6,818
6,571
6,146
4,812

78,450
12,468
8,936
8,695
7,271
9,776
6,235
6,976
6,803
6,227
5,063

78,135
12,901
8,816
8,875
7,206
9,108
6,430
7,124
6,639
5,967
5,069

79,891
13,034
8,850
8,837
7,521
9,891
6,524
7,357
6,526
6,039
5,312

2.5%
5.8
-1.5
-0.5
4.4
5.3
-2.3
2.3
3.5
1.3
5.2

-0.4%
3.5
-1.3
2.1
-0.9
-6.8
3.1
2.1
-2.4
-4.2
0.1

2.2%
1.0
0.4
-0.4
4.4
8.6
1.5
3.3
-1.7
1.2
4.8

10 smallest
Nebraska
West Virginia
Rhode Islandb
Montana
South Dakota
New Hampshire
Vermontb
Wyoming
Maine
North Dakota

30,479
4,455
5,312
3,654
3,532
3,463
2,530
2,078
2,047
2,023
1,385

31,314
4,507
5,408
3,914
3,596
3,527
2,682
2,139
2,094
2,046
1,401

31,684
4,407
5,733
3,996
3,572
3,359
2,805
2,215
2,114
2,120
1,363

32,068
4,435
5,886
4,119
3,469
3,446
2,814
2,165
2,114
2,185
1,435

2.7%
1.2
1.8
7.1
1.8
1.8
6.0
2.9
2.3
1.1
1.2

1.2%
-2.2
6.0
2.1
-0.7
-4.8
4.6
3.6
1.0
3.6
-2.7

1.2%
0.6
2.7
3.1
-2.9
2.6
0.3
-2.3
0.0
3.1
5.3

a

6/30/2007

12/31/20056/30/2006

Population based on custody counts.
and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.

bPrisons

Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

13

Appendix table 2. Sentenced prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities,
by region and jurisdiction, December 31, 2000 and 2006, and June 30, 2007
Region and jurisdiction
U.S. Totala
Federal
Statea

Number of prisoners
12/31/2000
12/31/2006
6/30/2007

Average annual change
12/31/2000-12/31/2006

Percent change
12/31/2006-6/30/2007

1,331,278
125,044
1,206,234

1,502,179
173,533
1,328,646

1,528,041
178,040
1,350,001

2.0%
5.6
1.6

1.7%
2.6
1.6

Northeast
Connecticutb
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jerseyc
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Islandb
Vermontb

166,632
13,155
1,635
9,479
2,257
29,784
70,199
36,844
1,966
1,313

166,078
13,746
1,997
9,472
2,737
27,371
62,974
43,998
2,149
1,634

168,949
13,964
1,748
9,818
2,795
28,378
63,110
45,092
2,418
1,626

-0.1%
0.7
3.4
0.0
3.3
-1.4
-1.8
3.0
1.5
3.7

1.7%
1.6
-12.5
3.7
2.1
3.7
0.2
2.5
12.5
-0.5

Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowac,d
Kansasc
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohioc
South Dakota
Wisconsin

236,458
45,281
19,811
7,955
8,344
47,718
6,238
27,519
3,816
994
45,833
2,613
20,336

259,610
45,106
26,055
8,838
8,816
51,577
9,108
30,146
4,204
1,363
49,166
3,350
21,881

262,485
/
26,807
8,806
8,850
50,648
9,891
29,928
4,322
1,435
50,418
3,437
22,378

1.6%
-0.1
4.7
1.8
0.9
1.3
6.5
1.5
1.6
5.4
1.2
4.2
1.2

1.1%
:
2.9
-0.4
0.4
-1.8
8.6
-0.7
2.8
5.3
2.5
2.6
2.3

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delawareb
District of Columbiae
Florida
Georgiad
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

538,997
26,034
11,851
3,937
5,008
71,318
44,141
14,919
35,207
22,490
19,239
27,043
23,181
21,017
22,166
158,008
29,643
3,795

597,828
27,526
13,713
4,195
~
92,874
52,781
19,514
36,376
22,316
19,219
32,219
23,889
22,861
25,745
162,193
36,688
5,719

609,233
28,278
13,871
4,193
~
95,078
53,220
21,164
36,777
22,416
21,102
32,771
24,250
23,202
26,453
162,976
37,824
5,658

1.7%
0.9
2.5
1.1
~
4.5
3.0
4.6
0.5
-0.1
0.0
3.0
0.5
1.4
2.5
0.4
3.6
7.1

1.9%
2.7
1.2
0.0
~
2.4
0.8
8.5
1.1
0.4
9.8
1.7
1.5
1.5
2.8
0.5
3.1
-1.1

West
264,147
305,130
309,334
2.4%
1.4%
2,128
3,116
3,084
6.6
-1.0
Alaskab
25,412
31,830
34,581
3.8
8.6
Arizonad
California
160,412
173,942
174,603
1.4
0.4
16,833
22,481
22,662
4.9
0.8
Coloradoc
b
3,553
4,373
4,332
3.5
-0.9
Hawaii
Idaho
5,535
7,124
7,357
4.3
3.3
Montana
3,105
3,547
3,443
2.2
-2.9
Nevada
10,063
12,753
13,034
4.0
2.2
New Mexico
4,666
6,361
6,295
5.3
-1.0
c
10,553
13,667
13,980
4.4
2.3
Oregon
Utah
5,541
6,339
6,417
2.3
1.2
Washington
14,666
17,483
17,432
3.0
-0.3
Wyoming
1,680
2,114
2,114
3.9
0.0
Note: Sentenced prisoner is defined as a prisoner sentenced to more than 1 year.
/Not reported.
:Not calculated.
~ Not applicable. See footnote e.
aTotals estimated. Illinois did not provide data.
b
Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.
cIncludes some inmates sentenced to 1 year or less.
d
Population based on custody counts.
e
As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.

14 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

Appendix table 3. Male prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities,
by region and jurisdiction, December 31, 2000 and 2006, and June 30, 2007
Region and jurisdiction
U.S. Totala
Federal
Statea

12/31/2000

Number of prisoners
12/31/2006
6/30/2007

Average annual change
12/31/2000-12/31/2006

Percent change
12/31/2006-6/30/2007

1,298,027
135,171
1,162,856

1,457,641
180,071
1,277,570

1,479,726
185,546
1,294,180

2.0%
4.9
1.6

1.5%
3.0
1.3

Northeast
Connecticutb
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Islandb
Vermontb

165,744
16,949
1,613
10,059
2,137
28,134
66,919
35,268
3,048
1,617

168,087
18,972
1,975
10,186
2,633
25,943
60,456
42,148
3,716
2,058

171,111
19,170
2,050
10,589
2,620
26,966
60,699
43,160
3,841
2,016

0.2%
1.9
3.4
0.2
3.5
-1.3
-1.7
3.0
3.4
4.1

1.8%
1.0
3.8
4.0
-0.5
3.9
0.4
2.4
3.4
-2.0

Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowac
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

222,780
42,432
18,673
7,363
7,840
45,587
5,870
25,550
3,629
1,008
43,025
2,416
19,387

243,792
42,386
23,924
8,084
8,178
49,407
8,546
27,588
3,994
1,206
45,465
3,009
22,005

246,019
/
24,564
8,074
8,197
48,547
9,243
27,430
4,020
1,291
46,527
3,050
22,289

1.5%
0.0
4.2
1.6
0.7
1.4
6.5
1.3
1.6
3.0
0.9
3.7
2.1

0.9%
:
2.7
-0.1
0.2
-1.7
8.2
-0.6
0.7
7.0
2.3
1.4
1.3

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delawareb
District of Columbiad
Florida
Georgiac
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

521,562
24,506
11,143
6,324
7,100
67,214
41,474
13,858
32,988
22,319
18,572
29,363
20,787
20,358
20,797
153,097
28,109
3,553

575,729
26,191
12,687
6,633
~
86,480
49,235
17,942
34,623
21,864
19,279
34,774
22,950
22,013
23,787
158,317
33,795
5,159

584,783
27,073
12,847
6,882
~
88,387
49,696
19,266
34,582
21,954
19,876
35,469
23,068
22,442
24,464
158,669
34,838
5,270

1.7%
1.1
2.2
0.8
~
4.3
2.9
4.4
0.8
-0.3
0.6
2.9
1.7
1.3
2.3
0.6
3.1
6.4

1.6%
3.4
1.3
3.8
~
2.2
0.9
7.4
-0.1
0.4
3.1
2.0
0.5
1.9
2.8
0.2
3.1
2.2

West
Alaskab
Arizonac
California
Colorado
Hawaiib
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

252,770
3,889
24,546
151,840
15,500
4,492
5,042
2,799
9,217
4,831
9,984
5,256
13,850
1,524

289,962
4,551
32,736
163,535
20,179
5,233
6,347
3,211
11,765
5,972
12,687
5,810
16,065
1,871

292,267
4,691
33,809
163,942
20,335
5,284
6,559
3,167
11,879
5,906
12,968
5,887
15,964
1,876

2.3%
2.7
4.9
1.2
4.5
2.6
3.9
2.3
4.2
3.6
4.1
1.7
2.5
3.5

0.8%
3.1
3.3
0.2
0.8
1.0
3.3
-1.4
1.0
-1.1
2.2
1.3
-0.6
0.3

/Not reported.
:Not calculated.
~ Not applicable. See footnote d.
a
Totals estimated. Illinois did not provide data.
b
Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.
c
Population based on custody counts.
d
As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility the Federal Bureau of Prisons.

Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

15

Appendix table 4. Female prisoners under the jurisdiction of state or federal correctional authorities,
by region and jurisdiction, December 31, 2000 and 2006, and June 30, 2007
Region and jurisdiction
U.S. Totala
Federal
Statea

12/31/2000

Number of prisoners
12/31/2006
6/30/2007

Average annual change
12/31/2000-12/31/2006

Percent change
12/31/2006-6/30/2007

93,234
10,245
82,989

112,474
12,975
99,499

115,308
13,572
101,736

3.2%
4.0
3.1

2.5%
4.6
2.2

9,082
1,406
66
663
120
1,650
3,280
1,579
238
80

9,730
1,594
145
846
172
1,428
2,859
2,249
280
157

9,869
1,610
135
851
194
1,412
2,837
2,403
278
149

1.2%
2.1
14.0
4.1
6.2
-2.4
-2.3
6.1
2.7
11.9

1.4%
1.0
-6.9
0.6
12.8
-1.1
-0.8
6.8
-0.7
-5.1

Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowac
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

14,598
2,849
1,452
592
504
2,131
368
1,993
266
68
2,808
200
1,367

17,674
2,720
2,167
791
638
2,170
562
2,579
413
157
3,701
350
1,426

18,047
/
2,269
763
653
2,101
648
2,512
415
144
3,891
396
1,477

3.2%
-0.8
6.9
4.9
4.0
0.3
7.3
4.4
7.6
15.0
4.7
9.8
0.7

2.1%
:
4.7
-3.5
2.4
-3.2
15.3
-2.6
0.5
-8.3
5.1
13.1
3.6

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delawareb
District of Columbiad
Florida
Georgiac
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

39,652
1,826
772
597
356
4,105
2,758
1,061
2,219
1,219
1,669
1,903
2,394
1,420
1,369
13,622
2,059
303

47,088
2,050
1,042
573
~
6,489
3,557
2,058
2,389
1,081
1,789
2,686
2,547
1,603
1,958
13,799
2,893
574

48,453
2,171
1,067
639
~
6,691
3,530
2,378
2,399
1,169
1,882
2,710
2,618
1,651
1,989
13,957
2,986
616

2.9%
1.9
5.1
-0.7
~
7.9
4.3
11.7
1.2
-2.0
1.2
5.9
1.0
2.0
6.1
0.2
5.8
11.2

2.9%
5.9
2.4
11.5
~
3.1
-0.8
15.5
0.4
8.1
5.2
0.9
2.8
3.0
1.6
1.1
3.2
7.3

Northeast
Connecticutb
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Islandb
Vermontb

West
19,657
25,007
25,367
4.1%
1.4%
284
518
621
10.5
19.9
Alaskab
Arizonac
1,964
3,156
3,279
8.2
3.9
California
11,161
11,977
12,117
1.2
1.2
Colorado
1,333
2,302
2,327
9.5
1.1
561
734
755
4.6
2.9
Hawaiib
Idaho
493
777
798
7.9
2.7
Montana
306
361
302
2.8
-16.3
Nevada
846
1,136
1,155
5.0
1.7
New Mexico
511
667
620
4.5
-7.0
Oregon
596
1,020
1,044
9.4
2.4
Utah
381
620
637
8.5
2.7
Washington
1,065
1,496
1,474
5.8
-1.5
Wyoming
156
243
238
7.7
-2.1
/Not reported.
:Not calculated.
~ Not applicable. See footnote d.
a
Totals estimated. Illinois did not provide data.
bPrisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.
c
Population based on custody counts.
d
As of December 31, 2001, sentenced felons from the District of Columbia were the responsibility of the Federal Bureau of Prisons.

16 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

Appendix table 5. Imprisonment rates of sentenced male and female prisoners under the jurisdiction
of state or federal correctional authorities, by gender, region, and jurisdiction, June 30, 2007
Imprisonment rate, June 30, 2007a
Male
Female

Region and jurisdiction

Total

U.S. Totalb
Federal
Stateb

509
59
451

957
112
846

69
8
62

Northeast
Connecticutc
Maine
Massachusettsd
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Islandc
Vermontc

309
399
133
248
212
327
327
363
229
262

604
771
258
499
401
635
644
707
453
499

29
45
14
13
29
32
28
37
18
32

Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowae
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

395
:
422
295
319
503
190
509
244
224
440
432
399

748
:
785
546
596
979
357
955
446
402
832
767
754

53
:
70
50
47
41
25
83
45
45
66
99
49

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delawarec
Florida
Georgiae
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

555
611
489
485
521
558
499
857
399
723
362
670
526
430
682
490
312

1,047
1,169
922
949
985
1,059
908
1,649
784
1,366
697
1,223
1,011
814
1,267
920
572

79
86
73
48
72
73
106
108
38
119
41
131
66
63
99
76
63

West
Alaskac
Arizonae
California
Colorado
Hawaiic
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

441
451
546
478
466
338
491
359
508
320
373
243
269
404

813
793
998
891
830
594
869
655
909
587
695
434
495
708

69
82
92
65
97
77
107
63
92
59
55
47
45
92

:Not calculated.
The number of prisoners sentenced to more than 1 year per 100,000 U.S. residents. Based on census
estimates for July 1, 2007.
bTotals estimated. Illinois did not provide data.
c
Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data include total jail and prison populations.
dThe imprisonment rate includes an estimated 6,200 inmates sentenced to more than 1 year, but held in
local jails or houses of corrections.
e
Population based on custody counts.
a

Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

17

Appendix table 6. Number of sentenced prisoners admitted and released from state or federal jurisdiction,
by region and jurisdiction, 2000, 2005, and 2006
Admissions
Region and Jurisdiction
U.S. Total
Federal
State

2000

2005

2006

Releases
Average annual
change 2000-2006

2000

2005

2006

Average annual
change 2000-2006

625,219
43,732
581,487

733,009
56,057
676,952

749,798
57,495
692,303

3.1%
4.7
2.9

604,858
35,259
569,599

698,459
47,981
650,478

713,473
47,920
665,553

2.8%
5.2
2.6

67,765
6,185
751
2,062
1,051
13,653
27,601
11,777
3,701
984

68,742
6,513
521
2,597
1,271
14,251
24,199
16,222
911
2,257

71,523
6,904
609
2,686
1,312
13,980
25,710
17,106
876
2,340

0.9%
1.8
-3.4
4.5
3.8
0.4
-1.2
6.4
:
:

70,646
5,918
677
2,889
1,044
15,362
28,828
11,759
3,223
946

67,152
6,349
573
2,166
1,179
13,590
25,198
15,069
769
2,259

67,970
6,019
501
2,254
1,187
13,986
25,079
15,648
967
2,329

-0.6%
0.3
-4.9
-4.1
2.2
-1.6
-2.3
4.9
:
:

Midwest
Illinoisa
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

117,776
29,344
11,876
4,656
5,002
12,169
4,406
14,454
1,688
605
23,780
1,400
8,396

150,411
39,887
16,957
6,397
4,892
13,145
7,112
19,110
2,264
1,088
29,121
2,664
7,774

155,549
39,887
17,671
6,565
5,063
14,643
7,253
18,429
1,939
1,101
31,866
2,429
8,703

4.7%
5.2
6.8
5.9
0.2
3.1
8.7
4.1
2.3
10.5
5.0
9.6
0.6

114,382
28,876
11,053
4,379
5,231
10,874
4,244
13,346
1,503
598
24,793
1,327
8,158

146,727
38,964
16,432
5,795
4,768
12,397
7,115
18,881
1,966
998
27,947
2,640
8,824

150,438
39,034
16,410
5,834
5,318
12,641
7,591
20,092
2,041
1,039
28,552
3,137
8,749

4.7%
5.2
6.8
4.9
0.3
2.5
10.2
7.1
5.2
9.6
2.4
15.4
1.2

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Floridab
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

217,950
6,296
6,941
2,709
35,683
17,373
8,116
15,735
10,327
5,796
9,848
7,426
8,460
13,675
58,197
9,791
1,577

261,503
9,723
8,053
1,422
46,531
19,228
13,324
14,801
10,113
8,923
10,454
8,756
9,446
14,251
71,889
11,989
2,600

255,495
10,039
5,992
1,546
36,295
22,347
14,051
15,067
10,295
9,918
10,594
8,508
9,597
13,655
71,927
12,834
2,830

2.7%
8.1
-2.4
-8.9
0.3
4.3
9.6
-0.7
-0.1
9.4
1.2
2.3
2.1
0.0
3.6
4.6
10.2

210,777
7,136
6,308
2,260
33,994
14,797
7,733
14,536
10,004
4,940
9,687
6,628
8,676
13,893
59,776
9,148
1,261

254,010
10,405
9,037
1,555
42,017
16,974
12,316
14,880
10,618
9,101
9,683
8,338
9,642
14,410
70,793
12,104
2,137

247,588
11,283
5,668
1,470
35,454
17,468
13,381
14,618
10,176
10,123
9,976
7,867
9,208
15,298
70,413
12,794
2,391

2.7%
7.9
-1.8
-6.9
0.7
2.8
9.6
0.1
0.3
12.7
0.5
2.9
1.0
1.6
2.8
5.7
11.3

West
Alaska
Arizona
California
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

177,996
2,427
9,560
129,640
7,036
1,594
3,386
1,202
4,929
3,161
4,059
3,270
7,094
638

196,296
2,868
12,440
129,559
9,899
1,662
4,075
2,390
5,648
4,264
6,436
3,600
12,683
772

209,736
3,065
13,954
138,523
10,468
1,455
4,129
2,304
6,108
4,337
5,484
3,532
15,540
837

2.8%
4.0
6.5
1.1
6.8
-1.5
3.4
11.5
3.6
5.4
5.1
1.3
14.0
4.6

173,794
2,599
9,100
129,621
5,881
1,379
2,697
1,031
4,374
3,383
3,371
2,897
6,764
697

182,589
2,699
11,865
121,523
8,658
1,409
3,541
2,042
4,804
4,060
6,177
3,242
11,872
697

199,557
2,719
12,209
133,905
9,441
1,500
3,808
2,262
4,700
4,274
5,138
3,469
15,363
769

2.3%
0.8
5.0
0.5
8.2
1.4
5.9
14.0
1.2
4.0
7.3
3.0
14.7
1.7

Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont

Note: Total exclude escapes, AWOL's, and transfers to and from other jurisdictions.
:Not calculated.
a
Due to nonresponse, 2005 counts were substituted for 2006.
b
A change in the reporting in 2004 excluded unsentenced prisoners and those sentenced to less than 1 year.

18 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

Appendix table 7. Number of sentenced prisoners admitted and released from state or federal jurisdiction,
December 31, 2006

Region and jurisdiction
U.S. Total
Federal
State

Total

Admissions
New court
commitments Parole violators

Total

Releases
Conditional
releases

Unconditional
releases

749,798
57,495
692,303

491,810
50,204
441,606

246,781
7,286
239,495

713,473
47,920
665,553

499,547
1,746
497,801

193,863
45,749
148,114

71,523
6,904
609
2,686
1,312
13,980
25,710
17,106
876
2,340

46,845
5,727
393
2,418
691
10,007
16,252
9,578
754
1,025

23,008
1,112
216
268
609
3,908
9,387
6,071
122
1,315

67,970
6,019
501
2,254
1,187
13,986
25,079
15,648
967
2,329

49,372
3,305
304
666
927
8,943
22,071
10,759
334
2,063

15,998
2,463
189
1,558
254
4,781
2,748
3,119
626
260

Midwest
Illinoisa
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

155,549
39,887
17,671
6,565
5,063
14,643
7,253
18,429
1,939
1,101
31,866
2,429
8,703

107,669
25,521
15,119
3,536
3,572
9,071
4,770
9,846
1,687
843
27,175
1,296
5,233

44,615
14,254
2,552
892
1,454
5,186
2,477
8,574
252
256
4,461
787
3,470

150,438
39,034
16,410
5,834
5,318
12,641
7,591
20,092
2,041
1,039
28,552
3,137
8,749

116,770
33,527
13,700
3,916
3,752
10,236
6,300
17,955
1,047
790
14,556
2,707
8,284

31,842
5,430
2,640
1,177
1,528
1,782
1,282
2,064
985
247
13,865
420
422

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Floridab
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

258,325
10,039
5,992
1,546
36,295
22,347
14,051
15,067
10,295
9,918
10,594
8,508
9,597
13,655
71,927
12,834
2,830

191,454
8,554
4,544
1,110
36,155
18,225
10,572
9,726
6,628
8,684
10,459
6,091
6,298
7,913
42,676
12,256
1,563

61,553
1,464
1,350
402
134
4,122
3,479
5,341
3,652
1,207
135
2,417
3,108
5,742
27,457
578
965

247,588
11,283
5,668
1,470
35,454
17,468
13,381
14,618
10,176
10,123
9,976
7,867
9,208
15,298
70,413
12,794
2,391

152,929
7,460
5,314
1,205
11,559
11,097
8,398
13,451
9,364
4,756
3,165
4,041
5,069
10,157
54,687
1,981
1,225

86,057
3,674
315
173
23,056
6,259
4,884
1,021
727
1,899
6,709
3,742
3,879
5,071
13,179
10,594
875

West
Alaskac
Arizona
California
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

209,736
3,065
13,954
138,523
10,468
1,455
4,129
2,304
6,108
4,337
5,484
3,532
15,540
837

95,638
/
11,496
48,640
6,375
764
3,871
1,849
5,406
2,510
3,697
1,882
8,419
729

110,319
/
2,458
89,883
4,092
691
258
447
702
1,427
1,494
1,649
7,110
108

199,557
2,719
12,209
133,905
9,441
1,500
3,808
2,262
4,700
4,274
5,138
3,469
15,363
769

178,730
1,215
9,474
127,817
7,923
781
3,227
1,995
3,038
2,745
4,790
2,623
12,675
427

14,217
1,107
2,304
1,994
1,365
291
561
247
1,662
1,143
7
836
2,362
338

Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont

Note: Totals exclude escapes, AWOLs, and transfers to and from other jurisdictions. Total admissions include new court
commitments, returned parole violators, returns from appeals and other admissions. Total releases include conditional releases,
unconditional releases, individuals out on appeal or bond, deaths, and other unspecified releases.
/Not reported.
a
Data reported are for December 31, 2005.
b
A change in reporting in 2004 excluded unsentenced prisoners and those sentenced to less than 1 year.
cNew reporting systems prevent the disaggregation of admission type.

Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

19

Appendix table 8. Number of state and federal prisoners under jurisdiction
in private facilities, June 30, 2006 and 2007
Percent of all prisonersa
6/30/2007

Region and jurisdiction

Number of prisoners
6/30/2006
6/30/2007

U.S. Total
Federalb
State

112,134
27,108
85,026

118,239
30,379
87,860

7.4%
15.3%
6.3

Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jerseyc
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Islandc
Vermontc

3,800
0
0
0
0
2,626
0
713
0
461

4,347
0
15
0
0
2,568
0
1,205
0
559

2.4%
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
9.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
25.8

Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

4,403
~
1,356
0
0
0
940
0
0
18
2,080
9
0

4,359
/
1,142
0
0
0
1,144
0
0
0
2,059
14
0

1.7%
:
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.1
0.4
0.0

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

53,333
320
0
0
6,285
5,190
2,463
2,954
135
4,865
211
5,926
16
5,169
18,220
1,579
0

53,367
9
0
0
6,420
4,892
2,424
3,114
141
4,779
206
5,950
11
5,180
18,720
1,521
0

8.4%
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.8
9.2
11.2
8.4
0.6
22.0
0.5
23.2
0.0
19.6
10.8
4.0
0.0

West
Alaska
Arizona
California
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washingtonc
Wyoming

23,490
1,338
5,318
3,000
4,362
1,885
1,749
1,146
0
2,927
0
0
964
801

25,787
1,503
6,275
3,200
5,021
2,044
1,923
1,273
0
2,835
0
0
1,036
677

8.1%
28.3
16.9
1.8
22.2
33.8
26.1
36.7
0.0
43.4
0.0
0.0
5.9
32.0

~Not applicable.
/Not reported.
:Not calculated.
aBased on the total number of inmates under jurisdiction.
b
Includes federal inmates held in non-secure, privately operated facilities (7,357 in 2006 and
8,025 in 2007).
c
Includes inmates held in out-of-state private facilities.

20 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

Appendix table 9. Number of state and federal prisoners under jurisdiction
in local jails by region and jurisdiction on June 30, 2006 and 2007
Region and jurisdiction
U.S. Total
Federal
State

Number of prisoners
6/30/2006
6/30/2007

Percent of all prisoners
6/30/2007a

77,903
1,882
76,021

79,688
2,125
77,563

5.0%
1.1
5.6

Northeast
Connecticut
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont

2,161
~
0
279
9
1,823
50
~
~
~

2,409
~
0
234
11
2,157
7
~
~
~

1.3%
~
0.0
2.0
0.4
7.6
0.0
~
~
0.0

Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

2,998
~
1,574
0
0
65
648
0
0
47
0
106
558

3,302
/
1,724
0
0
67
669
0
0
66
0
62
714

1.3%
:
6.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
6.8
0.0
0.0
4.6
0.0
1.8
3.0

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

64,760
2,281
740
~
67
5,111
6,070
16,230
141
4,692
0
2,236
371
6,729
13,966
4,994
1,132

65,710
1,421
718
~
35
4,946
7,658
16,112
159
4,676
0
1,903
401
7,109
13,202
6,131
1,239

10.4%
4.9
5.2
~
0.0
9.3
35.4
43.6
0.7
21.5
0.0
7.4
1.7
26.9
7.6
16.2
21.0

6,102
~
153
2,805
579
~
492
668
134
/
69
1,164
0
38

6,142
~
48
3,251
166
~
526
538
121
/
68
1,377
0
47

1.9%
~
0.1
1.8
0.7
~
7.1
15.5
0.9
/
0.5
21.1
0.0
2.2

West
Alaska
Arizona
California
Colorado
Hawaii
Idaho
Montana
Nevadab
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

~ Not applicable. Prisons and jails formed one integrated system.
/Not reported.
:Not calculated.
a
Based on the total number of prisoners under jurisdiction.
b
Due to a system conversion, information provided is as of June 4, 2007.

Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

21

Appendix table 10. Estimated percentage of persons held in state or federal prisons or local jails,
by gender, race, Hispanic origin, and age, June 30, 2007
Age

Totala

18-19
20-24
25-29
30-34
35-39
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60-64
65 or older

4.1%
16.9
16.9
15.7
14.5
13.1
8.8
4.6
2.4
1.0
0.8

Male
Whiteb
3.6%
14.3
14.1
14.5
15.0
15.1
10.3
5.7
3.5
1.7
1.4

Blackb
4.5%
17.9
17.6
15.4
14.5
12.7
8.7
4.4
1.8
0.6
0.6

Hispanic

Totala

4.3%
19.5
20.4
18.0
13.4
10.2
6.8
3.4
1.8
0.8
0.5

2.6%
14.9
15.4
17.0
18.7
15.7
8.7
3.8
1.6
0.6
0.4

Female
Whiteb
Blackb
2.4%
14.7
15.0
17.0
18.9
15.5
8.7
4.3
1.9
0.7
0.6

Note: Detailed categories exclude persons who reported two or more races. Totals do not sum to 100%.
Percentage of inmates under 18 years is not shown.
a
Includes American Indians, Alaska Natives, Asians, Native Hawaiians, and other Pacific Islanders.
b
Excludes persons of Hispanic or Latino origin.

22 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

2.2%
13.3
14.8
17.2
19.5
17.2
9.6
3.4
1.0
0.6
0.1

Hispanic
4.0%
19.0
17.8
17.8
16.2
12.1
6.9
3.1
1.9
0.3
0.3

Appendix table 11. Reported number of non-U.S. citizens held in state or federal prisons,
by region and jurisdiction, and gender, June 30, 2006 and June 30, 2007
Total

June 30, 2006
Male

Female

Total

June 30, 2007
Male

91,053
33,701
57,352

Female

87,353
31,556
55,797

3,700
2,145
1,555

87,226
31,469
55,757

83,657
29,348
54,309

3,569
2,121
1,448

Northeast
Connecticuta
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Yorkb
Pennsylvania
Rhode Islanda
Vermonta

9,361
956
10
915
55
/
6,912
497
/
16

9,011
881
10
863
51
/
6,699
492
/
15

350
75
0
52
4
/
213
5
/
1

9,055
788
15
958
52
/
6,716
507
/
19

8,726
734
14
917
49
/
6,496
500
/
16

329
54
1
41
3
/
220
7
/
3

Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missourib
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakota
Wisconsin

4,343
1,277
388
189
264
664
304
409
185
7
603
53
/

4,227
1,245
381
186
261
655
294
385
185
6
577
52
/

116
32
7
3
3
9
10
24
0
1
26
1
/

3,238
/
450
200
281
621
284
447
175
16
699
65
/

3,135
/
439
195
276
614
275
423
174
15
660
64
/

103
/
11
5
5
7
9
24
1
1
39
1
/

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delawarea
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Marylandb
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahomac
South Carolina
Tennesseeb
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia

19,182
52
165
263
5,987
888
/
108
488
~
1,299
283
224
180
9,227
/
18

18,612
52
165
255
5,731
872
/
99
463
~
1,272
271
218
173
9,025
/
16

570
0
0
8
256
16
/
9
25
~
27
12
6
7
202
/
2

16,169
108
174
307
/
1,906
44
107
570
~
1,461
339
309
233
9,422
1,187
2

15,717
105
168
295
/
1,849
43
100
549
~
1,430
326
303
227
9,185
1,135
2

452
3
6
12
/
57
1
7
21
~
31
13
6
6
237
52
0

West
Alaskaa
Arizona
Californiad
Coloradob
Hawaiia
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washington
Wyoming

24,466
11
4,432
15,849
1,137
103
233
6
/
122
1,292
258
951
72

23,947
11
4,352
15,528
1,108
95
217
6
/
121
1,244
255
938
72

519
0
80
321
29
8
16
0
/
1
48
3
13
0

27,295
14
4,874
18,447
1,123
99
292
5
1,053
156
/
223
945
64

26,731
14
4,797
18,060
1,093
94
282
5
1,029
156
/
220
918
63

564
0
77
387
30
5
10
0
24
0
/
3
27
1

Region and jurisdiction
U.S. Total
Federal
State

/Not reported.
~Not applicable.
a
Prisons and jails form one integrated system. Data included total jail and prison populations.
bNon-U.S. citizen defined as foreign-born.
cNon-U.S. citizen defined as inmates held by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) or categorized as
being of alien status.
dNon-U.S. citizen defined as inmates held by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).

Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007

23

Appendix table 12. Reported number of inmates under age 18 held in state prisons,
by region and jurisdiction, and gender, June 30, 2006, and June 30, 2007
Region and jurisdiction
State

Total

June 30, 2006
Male

Female

Total

June 30, 2007
Male

Female

2,364

2,260

104

2,280

2,189

91

Northeast
Connecticuta
Maine
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jerseyb
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Islanda
Vermonta

714
425
0
4
1
17
219
38
5
5

681
405
0
3
0
17
211
36
5
4

33
20
0
1
1
0
8
2
0
1

788
444
0
4
0
21
248
60
5
6

752
417
0
3
0
21
243
58
5
5

36
27
0
1
0
0
5
2
0
1

Midwest
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Michigan
Minnesota
Missouri
Nebraska
North Dakota
Ohio
South Dakotab
Wisconsin

447
103
27
17
13
112
11
38
8
1
64
1
52

430
95
25
17
12
112
11
37
8
1
63
0
49

17
8
2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
3

422
/
52
15
10
149
10
21
13
0
93
5
54

405
/
51
15
10
144
10
17
12
0
93
4
49

17
/
1
0
0
5
0
4
1
0
0
1
5

1,036
70
17
23
221
61
0
9
68
38
188
5
129
14
162
31
~

988
67
17
23
210
57
0
9
66
37
176
4
121
14
156
31
~

48
3
0
0
11
4
0
0
2
1
12
1
8
0
6
0
~

836
108
19
28
/
65
0
11
38
72
161
6
123
25
150
30
~

804
106
19
28
/
60
0
11
35
71
152
6
120
25
141
30
~

32
2
0
0
/
5
0
0
3
1
9
0
3
0
9
0
~

167
4
112
~
33
1
3
0
/
0
6
5
0
3

161
4
111
~
29
1
2
0
/
0
6
5
0
3

6
0
1
~
4
0
1
0
/
0
0
0
0
0

234
10
129
~
37
1
1
0
47
0
/
5
3
1

228
10
125
~
35
1
1
0
47
0
/
5
3
1

6
0
4
~
2
0
0
0
0
0
/
0
0
0

South
Alabama
Arkansas
Delawarea
Florida
Georgiab
Kentucky
Louisianab
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolinab
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia
West
Alaskaa
Arizona
Californiab
Colorado
Hawaiia
Idaho
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
Oregon
Utah
Washingtonb
Wyoming

/Not reported.
~Not applicable.
aPrisons and jails formed one integrated system. Data included total jail and prison populations.
bCounts include those held in privately operated facilities.

24 Prison Inmates at Midyear 2007