Use of Force Policy, Guidelines
and Procedures Handbook
Office of Training and Development
HB 4500-01C

May 2014

CBP Use of Force Policy, Guidelines and Procedures Handbook

May 2014

Table of Contents
FOREWORD FROM THE COMMISSIONER ................................................................ i
I. Policy on the Use of Force By CBP Officers and Agents.......................................... 1
A. General Guidelines ............................................................................................ 1
B. Objectively Reasonable and the Totality of Circumstances ................................ 2
C. Use of Less-Lethal Force ................................................................................... 3
D. Use of Deadly Force .......................................................................................... 3
E. The CBP Use of Force Continuum ..................................................................... 4
F. Use of Safe Tactics ............................................................................................ 6
G. DHS Commitment to Nondiscriminatory Law Enforcement Activities .................. 6
II. Operational Guidelines and Administrative Procedures ........................................... 7
Chapter 1: Authorized Officers/Agents and the Authority to Carry Firearms ................ 7
A. Authorized Officers/Agents................................................................................. 7
B. Authority to Carry CBP-Issued Firearms ............................................................ 8
C. Carriage of CBP-Issued Firearms ...................................................................... 8
D. Flying Armed on a Commercial Aircraft ............................................................ 10
E. Alcohol and Medication .................................................................................... 10
F. Revocation of Authorization to Carry CBP-Issued Firearms ............................. 11
G. Domestic Violence and the Authority to Carry Firearms ................................... 13
H. Carriage of Personally-Owned Firearms Off-Duty ............................................ 13
Chapter 2: Authorizing and Approving Officials ......................................................... 14
A. Responsible Officials (ROs) ............................................................................. 14
B. The Director of the Use of Force Center of Excellence (UFCE)........................ 14
C. The UFCE Incident Review Committee ............................................................ 15
Chapter 3: Guidelines and Procedures Following the Use of Deadly Force ............. 17
A. Responsibilities Following a Use of Deadly Force ............................................ 17
B. Reporting the Discharge of a Firearm .............................................................. 20
C. Employee Assistance Program (EAP) .............................................................. 22

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Chapter 4: Guidelines and Procedures on the Use of Less-Lethal Force .................. 23
A. General Guidelines and Responsibilities .......................................................... 23
B. Reporting the Use of Less-Lethal Force ........................................................... 24
C. Use of Less-Lethal Devices/Techniques .......................................................... 26
D. Warning Shots and Disabling Fire .................................................................... 36
E. Emergency Situations ...................................................................................... 37
Chapter 5: Investigation of Incidents Involving the Use of Force ............................... 38
A. Investigation of Incidents Involving the Use of Force ........................................ 38
B. Internal Affairs Investigation of Incidents Involving the Use of Deadly Force .... 38
C. Local CBP Management Review of Use of Deadly Force Incidents.................. 40
D. Local CBP Management Review of Use of Less-Lethal Force Incidents .......... 41
E. Legal Representation Following an Incident Involving the Use of Force ........... 42
F. Employee Status During An Investigation ........................................................ 42
G. Post-Incident Drug and Alcohol Testing ........................................................... 43
Chapter 6: Use of Force Proficiency and Training ..................................................... 44
A. Firearms Proficiency and Training Requirements ............................................. 44
B. Less-Lethal Use of Force Proficiency and Training Requirements ................... 46
C. Less-Lethal Device Training and Certification .................................................. 47
D. Failure to Qualify and Remedial Training ......................................................... 49
E. Unable to Participate ........................................................................................ 50
F. Exposure to Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray .................................................. 52
Chapter 7: CBP Body Armor ..................................................................................... 53
A. General Guidelines and Responsibilities .......................................................... 53
B. Policy on the Wear of Body Armor ................................................................... 54
C. Replacement of CBP-Issued Body Armor ........................................................ 55
D. Storage and Accountability for CBP Body Armor.............................................. 55
E. Testing, Acquisition and Disposal .................................................................... 56
F. Personally-Owned Body Armor ........................................................................ 56
Chapter 8: Accountability for Firearms, Body Armor and Other Use of Force
Equipment ............................................................................................................. 57
A. General Guidelines and Responsibilities .......................................................... 57
B. The Firearms, Armor and Credentials Tracking System (FACTS) .................... 57
C. Inventory of Accountable Assets in FACTS ...................................................... 58
D. Lost or Stolen Firearms, Body Armor and/or Other Equipment in FACTS ........ 58

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E. Personal Property Management Oversight Board (PPMOB) ............................ 59
F. Requests for Firearms/Assets in FACTS .......................................................... 59
G. Transfers of Accountability in FACTS............................................................... 59
H. Storage of Firearms and Body Armor ............................................................... 60
I.

Storage of Less-Lethal Devices and Other Use of Force Equipment ................ 60

J. Storage of Less-Lethal Devices – Device-Specific Guidelines.......................... 61
K. Unissued Firearms ........................................................................................... 62
L. Non-Standard Firearms.................................................................................... 63
M. Acquisition, External Transfer or Destruction of FACTS Assets ....................... 63
Chapter 9: Inspection, Maintenance and Repair ....................................................... 64
A. Inspection of CBP Firearms ............................................................................. 64
B. Maintenance of CBP Firearms ......................................................................... 64
C. Repair of CBP Firearms ................................................................................... 65
D. Inspection of CBP Less-Lethal Devices or Other Use of Force Equipment....... 65
E. Maintenance of CBP Less-Lethal Devices or Other Use of Force Equipment .. 65
F. Repair of CBP Less-Lethal Devices or Other Use of Force Equipment ............ 66
G. Shipping of Firearms or Other Use of Force Equipment ................................... 66
H. Replacement of CBP Firearms or Other Use of Force Equipment .................... 66
Chapter 10: CBP-Issued/Approved Ammunition ......................................................... 67
A. Ammunition Procurement and Use................................................................... 67
B. Special Ammunition Requests ......................................................................... 67
C. Ammunition Issue ............................................................................................ 67
D. Ammunition Storage ........................................................................................ 67
E. Ammunition Inventory ...................................................................................... 68
F. Emergency Situations ...................................................................................... 68
Chapter 11: Use of Force Instructors and Range Operations ...................................... 69
A. Firearms Coordinator (FCO) ............................................................................ 69
B. Firearms Instructors (FIs) ................................................................................. 69
C. Range Safety Officers (RSOs) ......................................................................... 70
D. Primary Less-Lethal Instructor (PLLI) ............................................................... 70
E. Less-Lethal Instructors (LLIs) ........................................................................... 71
F. Less-Lethal Training Safety Officers (LLTSOs) ................................................ 72
G. Range Operations and Safety .......................................................................... 72

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Appendix I: Acknowledgement of Receipt of CBP Use of Force Policy, Guidelines and
Procedures Handbook ........................................................................................... 74
Appendix II: DHS Policy on the Use of Deadly Force ................................................ 75
Appendix III: DHS Commitment to Nondiscriminatory Law Enforcement and Screening
Activities ............................................................................................................... 79
Appendix IV: Reporting Significant Incidents to the Commissioner’s Situation Room –
CBP Memorandum 3340-025D .............................................................................. 81
Appendix V: The Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA) .............................. 91
Appendix VI: Authorized CBP Courses of Fire .......................................................... 94
Appendix VII: Glossary ............................................................................................ 110

This Handbook supersedes the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Use of Force Policy Handbook (HB
4500-01B) dated October 2010, the U.S. Customs Firearms and Use of Force Handbook (CIS HB 450001A) dated March 2003; the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Interim Use of Force and Firearms
Guidelines dated October 11, 2004; the INS Firearms Policy dated 19 February 2003; the U.S. Customs
Firearms and Use of Force Training Policy (4510-017A ) dated December 17, 2001; the 24 Hour Carry of
Firearms by Office of Field Operations Personnel (ENF-3-FO RDJ) dated March 3, 2000; the U.S.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement Interim Firearms and Use of Force Policies dated July 7, 2004 (as
they applied to CBP components transferred from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement); the U.S.
Customs and Border Protection Body Armor Policy (4510-020C), the Policy on the Use of Electronic
Control Devices (4510-029A); the Less Lethal Specialty Impact - Chemical Munitions Policy (4510-032);
the Controlled Tire Deflation Device Directive (4510-0262B); and the PLS/FN303 Compressed Air
Launcher Policy (4510-030A), and any prior CBP policy or directive to the extent that it is inconsistent
with the content of this Handbook.

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I. Policy on the Use of Force By CBP Officers and Agents
A. General Guidelines
1. CBP policy on the use of force by Authorized Officers/Agents is derived from
constitutional law, as interpreted by federal courts in cases such as Graham v.
Connor, 490 U.S. 386 (1989) and Tennessee v. Garner, 471 U.S. 1 (1985),
federal statutes and applicable DHS and CBP policies.
2. Authorized Officers/Agents may use "objectively reasonable" force only when it is
necessary to carry out their law enforcement duties.
3. The “reasonableness” of a particular use of force is based on the totality of
circumstances known by the officer/agent at the time of the use of force and
weighs the actions of the officer/agent against the rights of the subject, in light of
the circumstances surrounding the event. Reasonableness will be judged from
the perspective of a reasonable officer/agent on the scene, rather than with the
20/20 vision of hindsight.
4. The calculus of reasonableness embodies an allowance for the fact that law
enforcement officers/agents are often forced to make split-second decisions - in
circumstances that are tense, uncertain, and rapidly evolving - about the amount
of force that is necessary in a particular situation.
5. A use of force is “necessary” when it is reasonably required to carry out the
Authorized Officer’s/Agent’s law enforcement duties in a given situation,
considering the totality of facts and circumstances of such particular situation. A
use of deadly force is “necessary” when the officer/agent has a reasonable belief
that the subject of such force poses an imminent danger of death or serious
physical injury to the officer/agent or to another person.
6. An Authorized Officer/Agent may have to rapidly escalate or de-escalate through
use of force options, depending on the totality of facts and circumstances of the
particular situation.
7. Based on the totality of circumstances, different officers/agents may have
different responses to the same situation, any of which may be both reasonable
and necessary. The level of force applied must reflect the totality of
circumstances surrounding the situation, including the presence of imminent
danger to the officer/agent or others.
8. If feasible, and if to do so would not increase the danger to the officer/agent or
others, a verbal warning to submit to the authority of the officer/agent shall be
given prior to the use of force. If a particular situation allows for the issuance of a
verbal warning, the officer/agent:

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a. Should have a reasonable basis to believe that the subject can comprehend
and comply with the warning; and
b. Allow sufficient time between the warning and the use of force to give the
subject a reasonable opportunity to voluntarily comply with the warning.
9. Following any incident involving the use of force, Authorized Officers/Agents shall
seek medical assistance for any person who appears, or claims to be, injured.
B. Objectively Reasonable and the Totality of Circumstances
1. The reasonableness inquiry for an application of force is an objective one: the
question is whether the officer’s/agent’s actions are objectively reasonable in
light of the totality of facts and circumstances confronting him or her, without
regard to underlying intent or motivation.
2. In determining whether a use of force is "objectively reasonable" an Authorized
Officer/Agent must give careful attention to the totality of facts and circumstances
of each particular case, including:
a. Whether the subject poses an imminent threat to the safety of the
officer/agent or others;
b. The severity of the crime at issue;
c. Whether the subject is actively resisting seizure or attempting to evade arrest
by flight;
d. Whether the circumstances are tense, uncertain and rapidly evolving; and
e. The foreseeable risk of injury to involved subjects and others.
3. Totality of circumstances refers to all factors existing in each individual case. In
addition to those listed in subsection B.2, these factors may include (but are not
limited to):
a. The training, mental attitude, age, size and strength of the officer/agent;
b. The training, mental attitude, age, size and strength of the subject;
c. The weapon(s) involved;
d. The presence of other officers/agents, subjects or bystanders; and
e. Environmental conditions.

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C. Use of Less-Lethal Force 1
1. Less-lethal force is force that is not likely to cause serious physical injury or
death.
2. Any use of less-lethal force must be both objectively reasonable and necessary
in order to carry out the Authorized Officer’s/Agent’s law enforcement duties.
3. Less-lethal devices/weapons may be used in situations where empty-hand
techniques are not sufficient to control disorderly or violent subjects.
D. Use of Deadly Force
1. Deadly force is force that is likely to cause serious physical injury or death.
2. The Department of Homeland Security Policy on the Use of Deadly Force
governs the use of deadly force by all DHS employees.
3. Authorized Officers/Agents may use deadly force only when necessary, that is,
when the officer/agent has a reasonable belief that the subject of such force
poses an imminent danger of serious physical injury or death to the officer/agent
or to another person.
a. Serious Physical Injury - Injury which creates a substantial risk of death or
which causes serious disfigurement, serious impairment of health or serious
loss or impairment of the function of any bodily organ or structure or involves
serious concussive impact to the head.
4. Except in limited circumstances during air or marine enforcement operations,
discharging a firearm as a warning or signal is prohibited. Discharging a firearm
at a person shall be done only with the intent of stopping that person from
continuing the threatening behavior that justifies the use of deadly force.
5. Deadly force is not authorized solely to prevent the escape of a fleeing subject.
Deadly force against a fleeing subject is only authorized if there is probable
cause to believe that:
a. The subject has inflicted or threatens to inflict serious physical injury or death
to the officer/agent or to another person; and
b. The escape of the subject poses an imminent threat of serious physical injury
or death to the officer/agent or to another person.

1

Referenced in prior versions of CBP policy or applicable regulations as “intermediate force” or “nondeadly force” and used herein with the same purpose and effect.

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6. Authorized Officers/Agents shall not discharge their firearms at the operator of a
moving vehicle, vessel or aircraft unless deadly force is necessary – that is, when
the officer/agent has a reasonable belief that the operator poses an imminent
danger of serious physical injury or death to the officer/agent or to another
person.
a. Such deadly force may include a moving vehicle aimed at officers/agents or
others present, but would not include a moving vehicle merely fleeing from
officers/agents unless the vehicle or the escape of the subject poses an
imminent threat of serious physical injury or death to the officer/agent or to
another person.
b. The hazard of an uncontrolled conveyance shall be taken into consideration
prior to the use of deadly force.
7. Firearms shall not be fired solely to disable motor vehicles, vessels, aircraft or
other conveyances. The only exception is that Authorized Officers/Agents, when
conducting maritime law enforcement operations, may use specifically authorized
firearms and ammunition to disable moving vessels or other maritime
conveyances.
8. Deadly force may be directed against dangerous or vicious animals in selfdefense or in defense of another person.
9. Deadly force may also be used to euthanize an animal that appears to be
seriously injured or diseased. In doing so, the Authorized Officer/Agent must be
able to justify the use of deadly force to prevent the animal from additional
suffering, eliminate a public health risk or to ensure public safety.
10. The act of establishing a grip, drawing a weapon or pointing a weapon does not
constitute the use of deadly force.
E. The CBP Use of Force Continuum
1. The CBP Use of Force Continuum is an instructional model used to describe the
levels of force an Authorized Officer/Agent may need to utilize to gain control
over a resistant subject.
2. While it describes each of the different levels of force that may be used in
response to subject behavior, it is not necessary to mechanically apply every
step of the CBP Use of Force Continuum.
3. An Authorized Officer/Agent may have to rapidly escalate or de-escalate through
the Continuum, depending on the totality of facts and circumstances of the
particular situation.

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4. Levels of Subject Behavior/Resistance:
a. Compliant - A subject who is compliant/cooperative with an Authorized
Officer’s/Agent’s control efforts.
b. Passive Resistance - A subject who is not believed to represent an immediate
threat or flight risk, and who is not offering physical resistance to an
Authorized Officer’s/Agent’s control efforts, but is not cooperative.
c. Active Resistance - A subject who offers physical or mechanical resistance to
an Authorized Officer’s/Agent’s control efforts.
(1) Mechanical Resistance - A type of active resistance, where a subject uses
a mechanical or other object to resist an officer/agent’s control efforts.
The subject’s efforts are not directed toward the officer/agent but rather
appear intended to thwart an officer’s/agent’s control efforts by physically
securing or holding to another object.
d. Assaultive Resistance (Physical Injury) - A subject whose resistance causes,
or has the potential to cause, physical injury to the officer/agent, others, or
self. This includes a subject’s attempts (or apparent intent) to make physical
contact in an attempt to control or assault the officer/agent.
e. Assaultive Resistance (Serious Physical Injury/Death) - A subject whose
resistance causes, or has the potential to cause, serious physical injury or
death to the officer/agent, others, or self.
5. Levels of Officer/Agent Response:
a. Cooperative Controls - Measures (including verbal commands) used to
maintain control over a compliant subject.
b. Contact Controls - Physical measures taken when verbal commands and
officer presence are not effective in gaining compliance. Contact controls
may include measures such as strategic positioning, escort holds, joint
manipulation or immobilization or touch pressure point stimulation.
c. Compliance Techniques - Actions taken when the subject is actively resisting
the efforts of the officer/agent to establish and maintain control. Examples of
compliance techniques include the use of Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) spray,
strike pressure points, stunning techniques, takedowns, joint manipulations
and use of an Electronic Control Weapon (ECW).

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d. Defensive Tactics - Actions taken when a subject has either assaulted the
officer/agent or is displaying a willingness and intent to do so. Examples of
defensive tactics are concentrated strikes involving the use of empty-hand
techniques (e.g., the use of body parts as weapons), the Collapsible Straight
Baton (CSB) and the ECW.
e. Deadly Force - Actions taken when an Authorized Officer/Agent has a
reasonable belief that the subject of such force poses an imminent danger of
serious physical injury or death to the officer/agent or to another person.
F. Use of Safe Tactics
1. Authorized Officers/Agents should seek to employ enforcement tactics and
techniques that effectively bring an incident under control, while promoting the
safety of the officer/agent and the public, and minimizing the risk for unintended
injury and/or property damage.
2. Except where otherwise required by inspections or other operations, Authorized
Officers/Agents should avoid standing directly in front of or behind a subject
vehicle. Officers/agents should not place themselves in the path of a moving
vehicle or use their body to block a vehicle’s path.
3. Authorized Officers/Agents should, whenever reasonable, avoid placing
themselves in positions where they have no alternative to using deadly force.
4. Authorized Officers/Agents shall not discharge their firearms in response to
thrown or launched projectiles unless the officer/agent has a reasonable belief,
based on the totality of circumstances (to include the size and nature of the
projectiles), that the subject of such force poses an imminent danger of serious
physical injury or death to the officer/agent or to another person.
Officers/agents may be able to obtain a tactical advantage in these situations,
through measures such as seeking cover or distancing themselves from the
immediate area of danger.
G. DHS Commitment to Nondiscriminatory Law Enforcement and Screening Activities
1. The DHS Commitment to Nondiscriminatory Law Enforcement and Screening
Activities policy statement is applicable to all situations where officers/agents
exercise their use of force authority.

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II. Operational Guidelines and Administrative Procedures
Chapter 1: Authorized Officers/Agents and the Authority to
Carry Firearms
A. Authorized Officers/Agents
1. For the purposes of this Handbook, the term “Authorized Officers/Agents”
includes:
a. CBP Officers;
b. Border Patrol Agents;
c. Air and Marine Officers and Agents;
d. Internal Affairs Special Agents and Investigators; and
e. Other qualified CBP personnel as designated by the Assistant
Commissioners of the operational components, or the Chief, Office of Border
Patrol (hereinafter referred to as “Assistant Commissioners” or “ACs”), the
Commissioner and the Director of UFCE.
A component Assistant Commissioner (AC) may request an individual
designation by submitting a written justification requesting this designation to
the Commissioner, through the AC of the Office of Training and Development
(OTD). This justification shall be forwarded to the Director of UFCE for
comment prior to submission to the Commissioner.
2. Additional qualified CBP personnel may be designated as armed personnel by
the ACs of the operational components, the Commissioner and the Director of
UFCE, but are not considered to be Authorized Officers/Agents.
A component Assistant Commissioner (AC) may request an individual
designation by submitting a written justification requesting this designation to the
Commissioner, through the AC of the Office of Training and Development (OTD).
This justification shall be forwarded to the Director of UFCE for comment prior to
submission to the Commissioner.
a. All such personnel are required, in accordance with the requirements of
Chapter 6, to demonstrate their proficiency in the use of each of the CBP
firearms that they are issued.

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B. Authority to Carry CBP-Issued Firearms
1. The authority to carry a CBP-issued firearm is provided by federal law, including
8 U.S.C. § 1357, 8 C.F.R. § 287.8 and § 287.9, and 19 U.S.C. § 1589(a). Such
carriage, whether on or off duty, is governed by this Handbook and applicable
CBP policy.
2. To carry CBP-issued firearms, Authorized Officers/Agents must:
a. Be designated to carry a firearm, individually or as a class, by the
Commissioner of CBP;
b. Be issued a badge, and CBP credentials that authorize the carrier to bear
firearms;
c. Have successfully completed the basic law enforcement training required as a
condition of employment with CBP, including basic firearms training, or have
successfully completed a substantially equivalent training program approved
by the AC of OTD and the Director of UFCE;
d. Maintain proficiency, as set forth in Chapter 6 of this Handbook, in the use of
firearms they are permitted to carry and adhere to the provisions of the policy
governing the use of force; and
e. Meet all other requirements and standards set forth in this Handbook.
C. Carriage of CBP-Issued Firearms
1. Authorized Officers/Agents are required to carry a CBP-issued handgun during
duty hours while performing uniformed law enforcement duties, except when
operational circumstances preclude the carriage of a firearm (e.g., when
operating in restricted areas).
2. Only those firearms listed on the UFCE Authorized Equipment List (and
specifically approved by the AC of each operational component) may be carried
while on duty.
a. Authorized Officers/Agents are not authorized to carry any personally-owned
firearms while on duty.
b. In threatening, emergent situations, Authorized Officers/Agents are
authorized to use any available weapon in a manner that is reasonable and
necessary for self-defense or the defense of another person. However, this
statement does not authorize the carrying of any weapon for duty use that is
not authorized and listed on the UFCE Authorized Equipment List (or
specifically approved by the Director of UFCE).

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3. Authorized Officers/Agents may carry their CBP-issued firearms twenty-four
hours a day (including off-duty) in accordance with the provisions of this
Handbook.
4. Authorized Officers/Agents, when carrying a CBP-issued firearm(s), are required
to carry their CBP badge and credentials authorizing them to bear firearms. This
requirement does not apply to officers/agents involved in an authorized
undercover operation or when approved in writing by the officer’s/agent’s
immediate supervisor.
5. Authorized Officers/Agents shall carry their CBP-issued handgun(s) fully loaded
at all times. Semiautomatic pistols shall be carried with a round in the chamber
and the magazine loaded to capacity. When authorized, revolvers shall be
carried with all chambers loaded.
6. Only CBP-issued/approved ammunition may be used in CBP firearms.
7. Authorized Officers/Agents, when in uniform and on-duty, shall carry a minimum
of two, fully loaded, spare magazines for their primary handgun.
8. An Authorized Officer/Agent shall be issued only one primary handgun. Based
upon availability, and with the concurrence of the AC of that operational
component, an officer/agent may be issued a subcompact handgun as a
secondary handgun.
a. An Authorized Officer/Agent shall not be issued more than two handguns
without the concurrence of AC of the operational component and the Director
of UFCE.
9. Except as provided herein, Authorized Officers/Agents shall carry only one
handgun on their person at a time. Written authorization to carry two handguns
at the same time must be obtained from the Responsible Official (RO) with the
concurrence of the respective operational component AC.
10. Based on the duty assignment, Authorized Officers/Agents may be issued
shoulder-fired weapons (SFWs) as determined necessary by the operational
component ACs (or their designees).
11. Based on operational needs and requirements, a RO may require that Authorized
Officers/Agents carry shoulder-fired weapons (SFWs) while performing specified
uniformed law enforcement duties.
12. In special circumstances, when unarmed CBP personnel are required to provide
service in areas of substantial risk, armed Authorized Officer/Agents shall provide
an appropriate level of security, up to and including the formation of a security
detail.

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13. Only Authorized Officers/Agents may discharge a CBP-issued firearm, except
during CBP-authorized training, events or activities and military or law
enforcement joint operations.
D. Flying Armed on a Commercial Aircraft
1. Authorized Officers/Agents may carry their CBP-issued firearms in the cabin of
commercial aircraft in accordance with applicable regulations, policies and
procedures. 2
2. Each officer/agent who carries a CBP-issued firearm while traveling on board a
commercial aircraft must complete the CBP-approved Law Enforcement Officers
Flying Armed training course. This course will be readily available to all
officers/agents.
3. Any Authorized Officer/Agent traveling aboard an aircraft while armed must at all
times keep their CBP-issued firearm:
a. Concealed and out of view, either on their person or in immediate reach, if the
officer/agent is not in uniform; or
b. On their person, if the officer/agent is in uniform.
4. No officer/agent may place a weapon in an overhead storage bin.
5. Under no circumstances shall an Authorized Officer/Agent relinquish their CBPissued handgun to the pilot or any member of the flight crew, or allow the weapon
to be stored in the crew compartment of the aircraft.
a. If an officer/agent is directed by anyone to check their handgun, the
officer/agent should request assistance from the appropriate security officials
in order to resolve the issue: first, the airport’s Ground Security Coordinator
(GSC) and then the TSA Federal Security Director (FSD).
b. Any officer/agent who has been denied boarding shall notify their immediate
supervisor at the earliest practicable time. A written report of this denial shall
be forwarded to the Director of UFCE, through the RO, outlining the details of
the occurrence.
E. Alcohol and Medication
1. Authorized Officers/Agents are prohibited from consuming alcoholic beverages
while carrying CBP-issued weapons, except when engaged in authorized
undercover activities necessitating the consumption of alcoholic beverages.

2

Carriage of firearms aboard aircraft is governed by 49 C.F.R. § 1544.219: Carriage of accessible
weapons.

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In these cases, the consumption of alcoholic beverages shall be limited to an
amount that does not impair the officer’s/agent’s judgment.
2. Authorized Officers/Agents shall not carry a firearm while taking medication that
impairs their judgment and/or ability to safely carry, control or use a firearm.
F. Revocation of Authorization to Carry CBP-Issued Firearms
1. The authority to carry a CBP-issued firearm may be temporarily or permanently
revoked by the CBP Commissioner, an AC of an operational component or by
the appropriate Responsible Official (RO). The authority to carry may also be
temporarily revoked by a CBP supervisor.
2. Temporary revocations will be based on reliable evidence. Permanent
revocations will be based on substantiated evidence.
3. Credentials may be temporarily or permanently revoked by the CBP
Commissioner, AC of an operational component or the appropriate RO.
a. The revocation of credentials results in the automatic revocation of the
authorization to carry a CBP-issued firearm.
b. The revocation of the authorization to carry a firearm does not automatically
result in the revocation of credentials.
4. Situations that warrant the temporary or permanent revocation of the authority to
carry firearms and/or credentials include (but are not limited to):
a. The failure to demonstrate proficiency with firearm(s) or other mandatory
training requirements without an authorized exemption;
b. Medical conditions that impede the safe and effective use of a firearm. In
such circumstances the Authorized Officers/Agents may have the
authorization to carry a firearm temporarily revoked. A medical evaluation in
accordance with regulations shall take place before a permanent revocation
occurs;
c. Evidence of substance abuse;
d. Evidence of the commission of a felony;
e. Evidence of (including an arrest or conviction for) the commission of an act of
domestic violence (see Chapter 1.G) or the existence of a protective order
related to acts of domestic violence (see Chapter 1.G.3);
f. Evidence of unlawful violent behavior, or behavior that indicates that the
individual may be a danger to themselves or others;
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g. Evidence of serious breaches of CBP integrity or security policies;
h. Evidence of a credible threat to use a firearm in an unlawful manner; and/or
i.

If an RO determines that the revocation is in the best interests of CBP and/or
the officer/agent. Such authority will be reasonably exercised.

5. When the authority to carry a CBP-issued firearm(s) is temporarily revoked by a
supervisor, the supervisor shall (within 24 hours of such action):
a. Provide written notification to the RO of the action taken, identifying the
officer/agent involved and documenting the circumstances supporting the
revocation determination.
6. When the authority to carry a CBP-issued firearm is revoked, the RO shall
provide the officer/agent with a written notification explaining:
a. The reason(s) for the revocation;
b. The nexus between their conduct (performance or condition) and the threat to
the safety of the employee or others;
c. Any limitations on the performance of duties; and
d. The duration (or anticipated duration) of the revocation.
This written notification will be provided as soon as practicable.
7. When the authority to carry a CBP-issued firearm is temporarily or permanently
revoked, Authorized Officers/Agents shall not perform duties or assignments that
normally require the carriage of a firearm.
a. Permanent revocation of firearms and/or credentials may be grounds for
reduction in grade, reassignment or removal, as determined appropriate by
CBP.
8. If the revocation of a CBP-issued firearm(s) extends beyond seventy-two (72)
hours it shall be recorded in the Firearms, Armor and Credentials Tracking
System (FACTS).
9. Authorized Officers/Agents whose authority to carry a CBP-issued firearm has
been temporarily revoked due to any of the circumstances listed in Chapter 1.F.4
or any officer/agent suspended indefinitely while under investigation shall turn in
all CBP-issued firearms and ammunition to the appropriate coordinator.

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G. Domestic Violence and the Authority to Carry Firearms
1. It is the responsibility of any armed CBP employee who is arrested for, or
charged with, a crime of domestic violence to promptly report their arrest or
charge to their immediate supervisor.
2. During the period pending disposition of the domestic violence case (following an
arrest or charge for, and until the case has been resolved by the appropriate
legal authority) CBP employees shall not be permitted to possess or carry any
CBP-issued firearms or ammunition.
a. The armed employee’s supervisor shall ensure that all CBP-issued firearms
and ammunition are immediately turned in for storage.
3. Protective Orders – For purposes of this Handbook, a protective order related to
domestic violence shall be considered to be a pending domestic violence case
(and therefore subject to the restrictions of subsection G.2 above) if the order:
a. Was issued after a hearing of which such person received actual notice, and
at which such person had an opportunity to participate;
b. Restrains such person from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate
partner of such person or child of such intimate partner or person, or
engaging in other conduct that would place an intimate partner in reasonable
fear of bodily injury to the partner or child; and
c. Includes a finding that such person represents a credible threat to the
physical safety of such intimate partner or child; or by its terms explicitly
prohibits the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against
such intimate partner or child that would reasonably be expected to cause
bodily injury.
4. Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(9), it is illegal for anyone, including a federal law
enforcement officer, who has been convicted of a misdemeanor crime of
domestic violence to possess any firearm or ammunition.
H. Carriage of Personally-Owned Firearms Off-Duty
1. Nothing in this Handbook shall be construed as interfering with the rights that
Authorized Officers/Agents may have as private citizens to carry a personallyowned firearm off-duty for personal use. Authorized Officers/Agents must
comply with all applicable federal, state and local laws when exercising any such
rights.
2. Guidance on CBP policy regarding the off-duty carriage of personally-owned
firearms may be found in the Commissioner’s Memorandum, The Law
Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA), dated August 13, 2013, attached as
Appendix V.
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Chapter 2: Authorizing and Approving Officials
A. Responsible Officials (ROs)
1. A RO is responsible for the implementation of the CBP use of force program and
for ensuring compliance with the CBP Use of Force Policy, Guidelines and
Procedures Handbook by all Authorized Officers/Agents within his or her area of
responsibility.
2. Each RO has primary responsibility for inventory control, maintenance, and
security of all CBP use of force equipment within his or her area of responsibility.
3. Each RO shall designate a Firearms Coordinator (FCO) to manage the firearms
and ammunition program within his or her area of responsibility (see Chapter 11).
These designees are responsible for overseeing the shipment, receipt, issuance
and the periodic inventory of use of force equipment.
4. The ROs are:
a. Assistant Commissioners of CBP Operational Components (ACs), and the
Chief, Office of Border Patrol (OBP);
b. Chief Patrol Agents (CPA);
c. Directors, Field Operations (DFO);
d. Directors, Air Operations and Marine Operations (DAO, DMO);
e. Division Directors, Internal Affairs (IA);
f. Division Directors, Office of Training and Development (OTD); and
g. Other officials designated in writing by the Commissioner.
B. The Director of the Use of Force Center of Excellence (UFCE)
1. The Director of UFCE has primary responsibility to:
a. Direct all aspects of the CBP use of force and firearms program, including
less-lethal equipment;
b. Direct the development and implementation of CBP use of force and firearms
policies and procedures;

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c. Direct the technical and evaluation aspects of the CBP use of force and
firearms programs;
d. Direct the development of the training curriculum and the training of CBP
firearms instructors, armorers, less-lethal instructors and other related
training;
e. Direct the review of field use of force training and training programs;
f. Direct the review of use of force incidents, in order to review and/or improve
CBP training, tactics, policy and equipment;
g. Direct the collection and storage of qualification and instructor certification
records;
h. Establish the procedures for the selection, training, and certification of
armorers, firearms instructors, less-lethal instructors, and other advanced
instructors;
i.

Oversee all CBP armories and direct the maintenance, repair, and alteration
of all CBP-issued and authorized firearms;

j.

Oversee the control and accountability of all firearms, ammunition, ordnance,
less-lethal devices and body armor; and

k. Maintain a list of authorized weapons, holsters, ammunition, equipment and
accessories.
2. The Director of UFCE is responsible for overseeing the acquisition of all CBPissued firearms, ammunition, ordnance, less-lethal equipment and body armor.
3. No CBP component or individual officer/agent or employee is authorized to
solicit, accept or otherwise acquire or dispose of CBP-issued firearms, or other
use of force equipment that is accountable in the Firearms, Armor and
Credentials Tracking System (FACTS), outside of authorized CBP equipment
procurement and distribution procedures for any CBP purpose or operation
without the written consent of the Director of UFCE.
C. The UFCE Incident Review Committee
1. The UFCE Incident Review Committee is authorized to review any incident in
which use of force is employed, whether by a CBP employee or directed at an
employee.
a. Any use of deadly force by a CBP employee against a person shall be
reviewed by the Committee.

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2. The primary role of this Committee is to allow qualified experts an opportunity to
perform an internal analysis of these incidents from a perspective of training,
tactics, policy and equipment. Accordingly, this Committee will not make any
recommendations concerning disciplinary or adverse actions.
3. Through a deliberative process, the Committee will identify trends that may
impact the use of force procedures and policies employed by CBP to protect its
personnel, property and operations.
4. The UFCE Incident Review Committee members are:
a. The Director of UFCE, who serves as committee chair; and
b. Designated representative(s) from each CBP operational component.
5. The UFCE Incident Review Committee shall meet on a quarterly basis, and
additionally at the discretion of the Director of UFCE when sufficient use of force
incident data is assembled to warrant the convening of the Committee.
6. Quarterly, the Committee shall submit a report outlining findings and
recommendations, as appropriate, to the CBP Commissioner.

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Chapter 3: Guidelines and Procedures Following the Use of
Deadly Force
A. Responsibilities Following a Use of Deadly Force
1. Any use of deadly force shall be orally reported to a CBP supervisor:
a. Unless the employee is physically incapacitated or otherwise unable, the
report shall be made within one hour of the time the incident occurs.
The report shall be made either in person, or via radio or telephone, and shall
be comprised of the following information (if known):
(1) The date, time, and location of the incident;
(2) The identity and current location of any injured or deceased person(s), an
assessment of the extent of their injuries and whether medical assistance
has been requested;
(3) The identity, physical description, and current location of any individual(s)
known to be involved in, or to have witnessed the incident, including
subjects who are at large;
(4) The description and location of conveyances involved in the incident,
including any subject conveyance(s);
(5) A brief description of the incident, including any unusual circumstance(s)
which might cause additional conflicts or confrontations;
(6) The operational activity in which the Authorized Officer/Agent or
employee(s) involved in the incident was engaged;
(7) When firearms are used: the type of firearm(s), the number of shots fired,
and the current location of all firearms used in the incident;
(8) Any other information that is needed to assure that the operational
responsibilities of CBP related to the security of human life and CBP
equipment are properly carried out.
2. Any Authorized Officer/Agent who observes or becomes aware of a use of
deadly force, and has a reasonable belief that the incident has not yet been
reported, shall orally report the incident to a supervisor as soon as practicable.
3. Following the initial reporting of the incident, an employee who learns of
additional information concerning the items listed in Chapter 3.A.1.a shall, as
soon as practicable, make an oral report of such information to a supervisor.
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4. CBP Supervisor - Upon notification of a use of deadly force, a supervisor shall:
a. Secure the incident scene, and seek medical assistance for any person who
appears, or claims to be, injured.
b. Ensure that all CBP employees who were involved in the incident have been
identified and advised that they will be interviewed by investigative personnel
and that they are to remain on-duty until released;
c. Make an initial report via established chain of command;
(1) The initial supervisory report shall contain a summary of the incident and
shall be made within one hour of receipt of the first employee report.
(2) The report shall be made through official channels, but the report shall not
be delayed when observance of the chain-of-command is impractical.
d. Report the incident to CBP HQ via the Commissioner’s Situation Room in
accordance with CBP Directive 3340-025D (or any successor policy);
e. Notify the Office of Internal Affairs via the Joint Intake Center (JIC), and via
notification to the duty agent of the specific IA regional office with
responsibility for that area of operations;
f. Notify the Office of Human Resources Drug Program Coordinator;
g. Assume on-scene responsibility for media contacts. Supervisors should, as
soon as practicable, seek assistance from their public affairs officer. Media
should be provided reasonable access to the scene, with preservation of
evidence and efficient operations determining the limits of reasonable access;
h. Provide to the RO, within one hour of the arrival of CBP management or the
investigative team at the scene of the incident, a preliminary report of the
status of the situation, including updated information regarding the condition
of injured persons and the employee(s) involved in the incident.
i.

Report the use of force in the CBP Use of Force Reporting System (UFRS)
on CBPnet. Initial reports should be submitted/completed in the system
within 72 hours.

5. Prior to any investigative interview of involved personnel, on-scene responsible
supervisory personnel shall:
a. Ensure that supervisors and/or investigators are aware that if an employee
uses deadly force, he or she is prohibited from making a written statement
regarding the incident. Other CBP personnel on scene may be required to
provide a written statement regarding the incident;
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b. Ensure that when any bargaining unit employee is compelled by or through
CBP and/or DHS to provide any information that could reasonably lead to
disciplinary action against that employee (other than the initial verbal
notification outlined herein), he or she is advised in writing of his or her right
to Union representation in accordance with the applicable provisions of the
law and governing Collective Bargaining Agreement;
c. Ensure that supervisory or investigative officers involved in the investigation
of a use of force incident are aware that any information provided by any
employee under threat of disciplinary action by CBP, or compelled by any
other means, may be subject to exclusion from criminal proceedings
consistent with the standards outlined in Garrity v. New Jersey, 385 U.S. 493
(1966);
d. In appropriate circumstances, and upon proper authorization, employees will
be provided “Kalkines” warnings consistent with Kalkines v. U.S., 473 F.2d
1391 (Ct. Cl 1973) informing them of the requirement to cooperate in
management’s examination when the employee has been assured that he or
she will not be subject to criminal action;
(1) After receiving such assurances, an employee’s failure to cooperate in an
administrative investigation may result in disciplinary action up to and
including removal.
e. If an employee requests to consult with an attorney, normally no questioning
to the employee will occur until his/her attorney is present. Questioning of an
employee without an attorney being present after the employee has
requested an attorney be present may result in not being able to take criminal
action against the employee; and
f. If involved employee interviews cannot be conducted within a reasonable
period of time, or the employee is physically or mentally unable to participate
in the interview, the investigative team supervisor, or designee, shall direct
the necessary rescheduling for this requirement.
6. Responsible Officials (ROs) - Upon notification of a use of deadly force, the RO
(or his or her designee) shall:
a. Ensure that the incident scene (and all relevant evidence) are secured, and
that medical attention is provided for any individual injured;
b. Ensure that information regarding the deadly force incident is collected and
reported in accordance with Chapter 3.A.1;
c. Ensure that the incident has been reported to the law enforcement authorities
having jurisdiction over the investigation, and that they have been advised of
CBP’s desire to maintain liaison during the investigation;
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d. For incidents involving detailed/TDY CBP personnel, the RO shall also notify
the detailed personnel’s permanent command element of a use of deadly
force incident involving one or more of their personnel. The RO assumes
responsibility for the employee(s) involved as if the personnel were
permanently assigned within the RO's jurisdiction;
e. Until the incident is resolved, the RO shall be responsible for responding to
requests for information about the incident from the public, the media, and
other agencies with a “need to know,” after coordinating such information
releases with the Office of Public Affairs; and
f. Following the initial report of the incident and during the ensuing investigation,
the RO shall ensure that copies of all investigative reports, any other pertinent
documents and copies of all printed and televised media reports are provided
through chain of command;
7. All use of force incidents involving CBP personnel shall be reported via the
established chain of command in the geographic jurisdiction where the incident
occurred.
8. Following the submission of the initial supervisory report, any supervisor or other
CBP management official who receives additional information regarding the
incident shall, as soon as practicable, report such information to the RO and to
the Commissioner’s Situation Room in accordance with CBP Directive 3340025D (or any successor policy).
9. If any CBP employee becomes aware of apparent misconduct or violation of CBP
policy regarding the use of force, that employee shall notify the Office of Internal
Affairs via the Joint Intake Center (JIC).
B. Reporting the Discharge of a Firearm
1. Authorized Officers/Agents (and other armed CBP employees) must report the
following firearms discharges:
a. Any discharge of a CBP-issued firearm (including unintentional discharges)
except for intentional discharges which occur during firearms training,
practice, or qualification, and do not cause any injury to a person or animal, or
unintentional damage to private, public, or government property; or
b. A discharge of any firearm that:
(1) Is in violation of any law or ordinance, or causes an investigation by any
law enforcement agency;
(2) Is, or reasonably appears to be, discharged in an unsafe or reckless
manner due to impairment caused by the consumption of alcohol or drugs;
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(3) Is an act of assault against any Authorized Officer/Agent, or employee,
and the assault is, or reasonably appears to be, related to his or her CBP
employment; or
(4) Is a discharge of a firearm by a law enforcement officer other than an
Authorized Officer/Agent, when the discharge occurs during multi-agency
operations involving CBP personnel.
2. Any reportable discharge not involving the use of deadly force shall be reported
through the chain of command and through the CBP Use of Force Reporting
System (UFRS) on CBPnet. Initial reports should be submitted/completed in the
system within 72 hours.
a. At the discretion of the RO, a local investigation/review (consistent with the
requirements of Chapter 5) may be initiated.
3. After any discharge (either intentional or unintentional) of a CBP-issued firearm
where a firearm malfunction is suspected, the RO must immediately send the
firearm and ammunition to the appropriate UFCE facility for examination (unless
the firearm is required for an ongoing federal, state or local law enforcement
investigation or legal action).
a. To send a firearm to the UFCE facility, ensure that the firearm and magazine
are unloaded and that they have NOT been cleaned or disassembled prior to
shipping.
4. When an employee is required to relinquish his or her CBP-issued firearm, but
the authority to carry a firearm has not been revoked, he or she shall promptly be
provided with:
a. A replacement CBP-issued firearm; and
b. The opportunity to familiarize himself or herself with the replacement firearm
under the supervision of a Firearms Instructor (FI).
The employee shall qualify with the replacement firearm as soon as practicable.
5. A shooter-induced unintentional discharge, for which the employee
acknowledges responsibility, does not require the firearm be sent to the UFCE
facility.
a. Post-incident safety and function remedial training shall be provided and
documented by the local FI. The documentation shall be included in the
incident investigation file.

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C. Employee Assistance Program (EAP)
1. EAP is available to assist all CBP Officers, Agents and employees, and the
use of EAP is strongly encouraged.
2. When an Authorized Officer/Agent uses deadly force against a person, either on
or off-duty, the officer/agent shall (after providing incident information in
accordance with the requirements of Chapter 3.A.1) be placed on Administrative
Leave with pay and/or regularly scheduled days off for three consecutive
calendar days immediately following the incident.
During this period, the officer/agent shall, at a minimum, participate in a
confidential initial consultation conducted by an EAP (or other CBP-provided)
counselor.
3. A supervisor shall advise all officers/agents involved in a deadly force incident
that EAP is available for consultation. This service is confidential and is not part
of the investigative process; its sole purpose is to assist the employee in dealing
with the traumatic incident.
4. If an employee avails himself/herself of EAP services under subsection 3, the
employee shall be granted duty time consistent with operational requirements.
5. The RO shall ensure that an EAP counselor is available for consultation as
needed.

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Chapter 4: Guidelines and Procedures on the Use of Less-Lethal
Force
A. General Guidelines and Responsibilities
1. The Policy on the Use of Force By CBP Officers and Agents governs the use of
force by all Authorized Officers/Agents. The policy is contained in Part I of this
Handbook.
2. In accordance with the requirements of the Policy, any use of less-lethal force
must be both objectively reasonable and necessary in order to carry out the
officer’s/agent’s law enforcement duties.
3. Authorized Officers/Agents3 who are trained and UFCE-certified in their use may
use the following less-lethal devices/techniques:
a. Empty-Hand Strikes;
b. Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray;
c. Collapsible Straight Batons (CSB);
d. Electronic Control Weapons (ECW);
e. Compressed Air Launchers (e.g., PLS, FN303);
f. Munition Launchers (e.g., 40mm);
g. Less-Lethal Specialty Impact - Chemical Munitions (LLSI-CM);
h. Controlled Tire Deflation Devices (CTDD); or
i.

Other less-lethal devices approved by the AC of their operational component,
with the concurrence of the Director of UFCE.

4. While performing uniformed law enforcement duties, Authorized Officers/Agents
who carry firearms are required to carry either OC Spray or a CSB.
a. An officer/agent who is certified in both less-lethal devices may choose to
carry either or both.

3

Additional qualified CBP personnel may be authorized (either individually, or as a class, by the
Commissioner of CBP) to carry and use less-lethal devices/techniques. All such personnel are required,
in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 6, to demonstrate their proficiency in the use of each of
the devices that they are issued.

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b. An officer/agent who is only certified in one less-lethal device shall carry only
that device.
5. Based on operational needs and requirements, a RO may require that Authorized
Officers/Agents carry additional less-lethal devices (that they are certified to
carry) while performing specified uniformed law enforcement duties.
B. Reporting the Use of Less-Lethal Force
1. Authorized Officers/Agents - Authorized Officers/Agents shall report all incidents
involving the use of less-lethal force (not resulting in serious physical injury or
death) by:
a. Verbal Report - Officers/agents shall orally report any use of less-lethal force
to a CBP supervisor. Unless the employee is physically incapacitated or
otherwise unable, the report shall be made within one (1) hour of the time the
incident occurs or within one (1) hour of the time the employee becomes
aware of the incident.
The report shall be made either in person, or via radio or telephone, and shall
be comprised of the following information (if known):
(1) The date, the time and the location of the incident;
(2) The less-lethal device(s) used by the officer/agent and subject;
(3) The nature and the extent of any injuries claimed or observed and whether
medical assistance has been requested; and
(4) The name, date of birth, and physical location of the subject(s).
b. Written Report/Memorandum - Officers/agents shall submit a written
memorandum regarding the use of force incident through the chain of
command. 4 Unless the employee is physically incapacitated or otherwise
unable, the memorandum shall be made by the end of the work shift.
(1) The memorandum shall describe in detail the circumstances of the
incident, including the actions of the subject necessitating the use of force
and the specific force used in response to the subject's actions. Any
injuries or complaint of injuries, and any medical treatment or refusal of
medical treatment, shall be documented.

4

When any bargaining unit employee is compelled by or through CBP and/or DHS to provide any
information that could reasonably lead to disciplinary action against that employee, he or she has a right
to Union representation in accordance with the applicable provisions of the law and governing Collective
Bargaining Agreement.

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c. UFRS Report - Involved Officers/Agents shall also report uses of less-lethal
force through the CBP Use of Force Reporting System (UFRS) on CBPnet.
Initial reports should be entered into the system within 24 hours.
2. CBP Supervisor - Upon notification of a use of less-lethal force, the supervisor
shall:
a. Verbal Report - Make an initial report via established chain of command;
(1) The initial supervisory report shall contain a summary of the incident and
shall be made within one (1) hour of receipt of the first employee report.
(2) The report shall be made through official channels, but the report shall not
be delayed when observance of the chain-of-command is impractical.
b. Written Report - CBP supervisors shall submit a preliminary written report
through the chain of command by the end of the work shift.
c. Involved Officer/Agent Memorandum - CBP supervisors shall review the
involved officer’s/agent’s memorandum to ensure that it is consistent with the
requirements outlined in Chapter 4.B.1.b.1.
d. UFRS Report - CBP supervisors shall review the involved officer’s/agent’s
report in the CBP Use of Force Reporting System (UFRS) on CBPnet, and
submit/approve the report in the system (or forward for approval based on
local procedure). Reports should be submitted/approved within 72 hours.
e. Supervisors should ensure that when any bargaining unit employee is
compelled by or through CBP and/or DHS to provide any information that
could reasonably lead to disciplinary action against that employee (other than
the initial verbal notification outlined herein), he or she is advised in writing of
his or her right to Union representation in accordance with the applicable
provisions of the law and governing Collective Bargaining Agreement.
(1) Any information provided by any employee under threat of disciplinary
action by CBP or compelled by any other means, may be subject to
exclusion from criminal proceedings consistent with the standards outlined
in Garrity v. New Jersey, 385 U.S. 493 (1966).
(2) In appropriate circumstances, and upon proper authorization, employees
will be provided “Kalkines” warnings consistent with Kalkines v. U.S., 473
F.2d 1391 (Ct. Cl 1973) informing them of the requirement to cooperate in
management’s examination when the employee has been assured that he
or she will not be subject to criminal action.

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After receiving such assurances, an employee’s failure to cooperate in an
administrative investigation may result in disciplinary action up to and
including removal.
3. If any CBP employee becomes aware of apparent misconduct or violation of CBP
policy regarding the use of force, that employee shall notify the Office of Internal
Affairs via the Joint Intake Center (JIC).
4. Use of Less-Lethal Force Resulting in Serious Physical Injury or Death
Any use of less-lethal force that results in serious physical injury or death shall
follow the procedures for reporting the use of deadly force.
5. Use of a Less-Lethal Device as Deadly Force
Any use of a less-lethal device as deadly force (used in a manner likely to cause
serious physical injury or death) shall follow the procedures for reporting the use
of deadly force.
C. Use of Less-Lethal Devices/Techniques
1. Guidelines and Responsibilities
The following guidelines and responsibilities apply to all CBP less-lethal devices,
systems and associated equipment. Additional device-specific guidelines are
contained in the following subsections.
a. Less-lethal devices may be deployed only by trained and certified CBP law
enforcement personnel, and only in accordance with manufacturer’s
specifications and applicable DHS and CBP policy.
b. A less-lethal device is not a substitute for the use of deadly force. This,
however, does not preclude the use of a less-lethal device (or any other
weapon) for this purpose if the use of deadly force would otherwise be
objectively reasonable.
c. Only less-lethal devices, systems and associated equipment authorized by
UFCE shall be carried and deployed by Authorized Officers/Agents.
d. If practical, CBP supervisory personnel shall photograph or videotape any
marks or injuries resulting from the use of less-lethal devices.
(1) If the marks or alleged injuries to be documented are on a private portion
of the subject’s body, CBP personnel shall make reasonable efforts to
ensure privacy before the documentation is recorded. In that instance (to
the extent possible) the recording must be made by an officer/agent of the
same gender as the subject.
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e. Less-lethal devices, systems and associated equipment shall not be altered in
any way without the written authorization of the Director of UFCE.
f. UFCE shall be responsible for development and approval of less-lethal device
training materials and certification standards.
g. Authorized Officers/Agents are responsible for the general care and
safeguarding of the less-lethal devices and equipment issued to them, and
may be subject to disciplinary action for any loss or damage resulting from
negligence by the officer/agent.
h. Less-lethal devices, systems and/or associated equipment shall be
inventoried, transferred, and excessed shall be inventoried/accounted for in
accordance with the requirements of Chapter 8.
i.

Less-lethal devices, systems and/or associated equipment shall only be
purchased through contracts and procedures established by UFCE.
Purchase Card purchases of less-lethal equipment is prohibited without
written approval from the Director of UFCE.

j.

UFCE shall be responsible for the periodic review of the usage of less-lethal
devices, systems and associated equipment, in order to evaluate compliance
with policy, as well as to assess their overall safety and effectiveness.

2. Empty-Hand Strikes
a. Strikes targeting strike pressure points may be utilized as a compliance tool
on a subject offering, at a minimum, active resistance.
b. Other strikes (e.g., punches, kicks, etc.) may be utilized as a defensive tactic
on a subject offering, at a minimum, assaultive resistance.
3. Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray
a. OC Spray may be utilized as a compliance tool on a subject offering, at a
minimum, active resistance.
b. Authorized Officers/Agents may only use chemical agents authorized by the
Director of UFCE. Officers/agents may not carry personally-owned OC
devices for duty use.
c. Authorized Officers/Agents shall decontaminate exposed subject(s) as soon
as practicable.

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d. Authorized Officers/Agents are responsible for advising their supervisors
when the devices issued to them are approaching the end of their useable life
so that they can be replaced prior to their expiration date.
e. Authorized Officers/Agents are required to turn in expired, damaged, or empty
OC spray canisters to local training staff for proper disposal in accordance
with local Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Occupational Safety
and Health Administration (OSHA) requirements.
f. The TSA and FAA do not permit any chemical agents in the cabin of a
commercial aircraft. As provided by 49 C.F.R. § 175.10, self-defense spray
(mace or pepper spray) may be carried in checked baggage, provided the
container does not exceed four fluid ounces and has a positive means to
prevent accidental discharge. Chemical agents shall be carried aboard CBP
aircraft only in accordance with CBP Air Operations Handbook (AOH)
guidelines.
4. Collapsible Straight Batons (CSB)
a. A CSB may be utilized as a defensive tool on a subject offering, at a
minimum, assaultive resistance.
b. Authorized Officers/Agents may only use CSBs authorized by the Director of
UFCE. Officers/agents may not carry personally-owned batons for duty use.
c. The following acts and techniques with the CSB are prohibited when using
less-lethal force:
(1) Choke holds, carotid control holds, and other neck restraints;
(2) Use of a baton to apply “come-along” holds to the neck area; and
(3) Intentional strikes with the baton to the head, the neck, the face, the groin,
the solar plexus, the kidneys or the spinal column.
5. Electronic Control Weapons (ECWs)
An ECW is a less-lethal weapon which is designed to use short-duration
electronic pulses to cause Neuro-Muscular Incapacitation (NMI) and/or pain, with
minimal risk of serious physical injury or death.
a. An ECW may be utilized as a compliance tool on a subject offering, at a
minimum, active resistance in a manner that the Authorized Officer/Agent
reasonably believes may result in injury to themselves or to another person.

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b. An ECW should be deployed for one standard cycle (five seconds) and then
evaluate the situation to determine if subsequent cycles are reasonable and
necessary. Each ECW cycle must be both reasonable and necessary to
overcome non-compliance by an actively resistant subject and to accomplish
the officer/agent’s law enforcement duties.
c. A subject should not receive more than three ECW cycles. If the use of the
ECW is unsuccessful, the Authorized Officer/Agent should transition to
another reasonable force option.
d. CBP personnel should not use an ECW, and should consider other force
options, with respect to subjects who are: small children; elderly; pregnant;
low body mass index (BMI) persons; near known flammable materials; on
elevated surfaces; operating conveyances; adjacent to traffic; in water
sufficient to drown; running; or handcuffed.
(1) Authorized Officers/Agents should use an ECW on a subject who is
running only when the officer/agent has reasonable belief that the subject
presents an imminent threat of injury to an officer/agent or another person.
The threat presented by the subject must outweigh the risk of injury to the
subject that might occur as a result of an uncontrolled fall while the subject
is running.
e. Authorized Officers/Agents should not intentionally expose a subject to more
than one ECW at a time.
f. Authorized Officers/Agents shall not intentionally target the head, neck, groin
or female breast.
g. When practicable and when other Authorized Officers/Agents are present,
officers/agents should verbalize “TASER, TASER, TASER” prior to
deployment to warn fellow officers/agents of the imminent use of an ECW.
This will alert fellow officers/agents to prepare to control a subject under the
power of an ECW.
h. ECWs shall be carried on the non-gun side in a UFCE-authorized holster
issued by CBP or purchased through an official uniform purchase program.
i.

Any subject in CBP custody who has been exposed to an ECW shall, as soon
as practicable, be seen by an Emergency Medical Technician or other trained
medical professional.

j.

CBP personnel trained and certified in the use of an ECW may remove
probes embedded in a person’s skin, provided the probes are not embedded
in a sensitive area like the head, neck, genitals, or female breast tissue.

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Probe removals in those instances shall be performed by a trained medical
professional.
k. ECW probes are considered a biohazard and shall be disposed of according
to established biohazard disposal protocol.
l.

Each ECW shall have all stored deployment and utilization data downloaded
quarterly. ROs shall ensure that all downloaded ECW data is securely stored
and maintained for a minimum of three years.

m. After each ECW deployment, data related to that deployment shall be
downloaded and saved. A copy of the data report shall be attached to the
use of force report in the CBP Use of Force Reporting System (UFRS).
6. Compressed Air Launchers (e.g., PLS and FN303)
Compressed air launchers are less-lethal impact/chemical irritant delivery
systems that are powered by compressed air. The launchers can deliver a
variety of less-lethal projectiles including kinetic impact, PAVA pepper powder
and non-toxic marking rounds.
a. A compressed air launcher may be used for area saturation against subject(s)
who, at a minimum, demonstrate active resistance.
b. A compressed air launcher may be used as a kinetic impact delivery system
on subject(s) who, at a minimum, demonstrate assaultive resistance.
c. Authorized Officers/Agents may also use a PLS to remove subjects who are
intentionally covering the engine of a vessel in order to deploy marine
disabling fire. Such deployment must target the strike pressure points of the
outer extremities (i.e., arms and legs).
d. Authorized Officers/Agents may use a compressed air launcher to mark a
conveyance for identification purposes in situations where a conveyance has
failed to comply with another officer’s/agent’s lawful attempt to stop it, in
situations where the use of a controlled tire deflation device would not be
reasonable, or if an involved vehicle is leaving the scene of an enforcement
action without authorization. When deploying a compressed air launcher for
marking and identification purposes, officers/agents may not target the
conveyance’s windows.
e. Authorized Officers/Agents should not use a compressed air launcher, and
should consider other force options, on subjects who are: small children;
elderly; pregnant; or operating a conveyance.

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f. Authorized Officers/Agents may use the PLS on subjects between 3 and 60
feet away as a kinetic impact device. Officers/agents may use the PLS on
subjects up to 150 feet away as an area saturation device.
g. Authorized Officers/Agents may use the FN303 on subjects between 10 to
225 feet away as a kinetic impact device. Officers/agents engaging subjects
with the FN303 from 10 to 20 feet should target the subject’s lower
extremities. Officers/agents engaging subjects greater than 20 feet may
target the lower torso, or upper and lower extremities (i.e., arms and legs).
h. The FN303 shall not be deployed if the officer/agent is less than 10 feet from
the subject unless the use of deadly force is reasonable and necessary.
i.

The intentional targeting of areas where there is a substantial risk of serious
physical injury or death is considered a use of deadly force. Authorized
Officers/Agents shall not intentionally target the head, neck, spine, or groin of
the intended subject, unless the use of deadly force is reasonable.

7. Munition Launchers (e.g., 40mm) and Less-Lethal Specialty Impact and
Chemical Munitions (LLSI-CM)
Munition Launchers are a less-lethal specialty impact/chemical munition (LLSICM) delivery system that are designed to deliver an impact projectile, a chemical
irritant projectile or a combination projectile with more accuracy, higher velocity,
and longer range than a projectile deployed by hand.
LLSI-CM can also be delivered by means of a device that is designed to be hand
thrown by an Authorized Officer/Agent.
a. Subject to the exceptions described in subsection c below, a Less-Lethal
Chemical Munition (LLCM) may be utilized as a compliance tool on a subject
offering, at a minimum, active resistance.
b. Subject to the exceptions described in subsection c below, a Less-Lethal
Specialty Impact (LLSI) munition may be utilized as a compliance tool on a
subject offering, at a minimum, assaultive resistance.
c. Authorized Officers/Agents should not use a LLSI-CM and should consider
other force options with respect to subjects who are: small children; elderly;
pregnant; near known flammable materials (when using a pyrotechnic
device); or operating conveyances.
d. When practicable and when other officers are present, Authorized
Officers/Agents should verbalize “Less-Lethal, Less-Lethal, Less-Lethal” prior
to deployment to warn fellow officers/agents of the imminent use of a LLSICM. This will alert fellow officers/agents to prepare for the deployment of a
LLSI-CM.
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e. Authorized Officers/Agents shall not intentionally target the head, neck, groin
or female breast.
f. Any subject in CBP custody who has been exposed to a LLSI-CM shall, as
soon as practicable, be seen by an Emergency Medical Technician or other
trained medical professional.
g. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) prohibits the transportation of
LLCM’s and LLSI-CM combinations (e.g., CS (O-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile) Stingball) onboard commercial aircraft. All CBP employees will
comply with this regulation. Transportation of LLSI-CM munitions will be
accomplished by the use of a CBP vehicle/vessel and/or an authorized
commercial ground carrier.
h. The transportation of LLSI-CM onboard CBP vessels must conform with the
appropriate safety standards such as storage and transportation of the
devices in insulated, water proof containers to prevent damage or unintended
discharge.
i.

Once the safety pin has been pulled on a hand-held LLSI-CM the deployment
of the hand-held LLSI-CM should be immediate. The safety pin should never
be reinserted in the hand-held LLSI-CM once it has been pulled.

j.

Approval from the Director of UFCE is required prior to each individual
purchase of LLSI-CM.

8. Controlled Tire Deflation Devices (CTDDs)
CTDDs are specialized devices whose deployment results in the controlled
deflation of a vehicle tire.
a. A CTDD may only be deployed with supervisory authorization and when the
immediate or potential danger to the public created by the deployment of the
CTDD is less than the immediate or potential danger to the public should the
suspect vehicle be allowed to proceed without deployment of the CTDD.
(1) The CTDD shall be deployed in a manner that minimizes risk of injury to
persons or damage to property.
b. A CTDD may be deployed:
(1) When an Authorized Officer/Agent directs a motor vehicle to stop and the
vehicle fails to comply with the officer’s/agent’s order;
(2) When a vehicle flees from the primary or secondary inspection area of a
checkpoint or port of entry (POE);

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(3) When a vehicle unlawfully crosses the border between POEs;
(4) When an Authorized Officer/Agent, acting within the guidelines set forth in
this Handbook, is trying to prevent a suspect vehicle from leaving the area
where a warrant is being served or where officers/agents have
determined, or developed at least reasonable suspicion, that a crime is
being or may have been committed;
(5) When the configuration at permanent checkpoints allows for the safe
deployment of the CTDD to prevent vehicles from avoiding inspection; or
(6) When another law enforcement agency requests deployment of the CTDD
in an emergency. Supervisory approval is required unless exigent
circumstances can be articulated. At checkpoints, supervisory
authorization may be granted in advance for specific situations involving
other law enforcement agencies.
c. The road where an Authorized Officer/Agent is considering the deployment of
a CTDD should provide an unimpeded view of vehicular traffic from all
directions. The CTDD may be used only in areas where topography, roadway
surfaces, and vehicular conditions indicate that deployment can be
accomplished with reasonable safety.
d. The Authorized Officer/Agent who deploys the CTDD should:
(1) During deployment of a CTDD, remain in visual contact and control of the
CTDD unless the deploying officer/agent can articulate why visual contact
and control are not safe and/or practical;
(2) Prior to deploying the CTDD, ensure that all CBP and other agency
personnel involved are notified of the pending deployment of the CTDD
via available communication methods. Communication shall be
maintained between officers/agents in the deployment area unless exigent
circumstances preclude such communication;
(3) Remove or deactivate the CTDD before becoming involved in the
apprehension of the subject(s) unless exigent circumstances preclude
such removal or deactivation; and
(4) Remember that safety is paramount. The officer/agent retains the
discretion not to deploy the CTDD and should not do so if safety concerns
are an issue.
e. Authorized Officers/Agents shall not deploy a CTDD in school zones when
children are present or traveling to or from the school, or in cases when the
danger to the public outweighs the enforcement benefit.

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f. With the exception of Authorized Officers/Agents conducting enforcement
operations on CBP aircraft, an officer/agent shall not overtake a pursued
vehicle in order to deploy a CTDD.
g. Authorized Officers/Agents shall not deploy a CTDD to stop the following
types of vehicles, except where an immediate danger to life makes it
reasonable to deploy the CTDD: two or three-wheeled vehicles; vehicles
known or reasonably believed to be transporting hazardous materials; or
vehicles that there is a reason to believe would pose an unusual hazard to
officers/agents or the public.
h. When a CTDD causes unintentional damage to a vehicle:
(1) The involved officer/agent will immediately report the incident to the duty
supervisor;
(2) The duty supervisor shall provide a tort claim form (SF-95) to the driver of
the vehicle for the damages to the vehicle that may have been caused by
the CTDD along with instructions on how to complete the form and where
to send the claim;
(3) In cases when the vehicle is rendered immobile, procedures must be in
place to assist the driver in making the vehicle mobile; and
(4) The officer/agent involved in the incident shall document the incident in
accordance with operational protocols. The incident report shall describe
exactly what transpired and provide details of any assistance rendered to
the driver.
9. Controlled Noise and Light Distraction Devices (CNLDDs)
A CNLDD is a pyrotechnic device that, once activated, emits a bright light and
loud noise to momentarily disorient and confuse subjects; giving officers/agents a
brief tactical advantage so they can bring the situation to a successful law
enforcement resolution.
a. The pre-planned use of a CNLDD during law enforcement operations requires
the approval of a Supervisor or Team Leader. In exigent circumstances, a
CNLDD may be deployed without prior supervisory approval.
b. When practicable and when other Authorized Officers/Agents are present,
officers/agents should verbalize “BANG OUT” prior to deployment to warn
fellow officers/agents of the imminent use of a CNLDD.
c. The Supervisor or Team Leader shall ensure that all officers/agents wear
appropriate personal protective equipment during any operation utilizing
CNLDDs (see specific Operational Order for required equipment).
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d. The Supervisor or Team Leader shall (when it is reasonably anticipated that
CNLDDs will be employed and where practical) have a standard vehicle fire
extinguisher (or larger) and appropriate medical equipment available at the
scene or at a location nearby.
e. Once the safety pin has been pulled on a CNLDD the deployment of the hand
held CNLDD should be immediate. The safety pin should never be reinserted
into the hand held CNLDD once it has been pulled.
f. CNLDDs that have malfunctioned should be disposed of according to
manufacturer’s recommendations.
g. Authorized Officers/Agents should not use a CNLDD, and should consider
other force options, with respect to subjects who are: small children; elderly;
pregnant; or near known flammable materials.
h. Environmental considerations should be evaluated prior to deployment of a
CNLDD.
i.

Responsible supervisory personnel must ensure that ATF regulations and
guidelines are known and followed by all subordinate personnel involved in
the handling, storage, or use of these items.

j.

The RO (or his or her designee) shall ensure that CNLDDs are only issued to
trained and certified officers/agents with an articulated need for a CNLDD.

k. The issuance of CNLDDs shall be recorded on a CBP Form 259 signed by
appropriate supervisory or authorized issuing personnel indicating the amount
and type of CNLDD issued, record serial numbers, and to whom received
them and for what reason. The receiving party will countersign the CBP Form
259.
l.

The RO (or designee) shall maintain the CBP Form 259s in a folder
(electronic or paper) for a period of not less than two years.

m. Responsible supervisory personnel shall maintain a written log regarding the
operational and training use of CNLDDs. This log shall include the following
information: how many CNLDDs were utilized; to whom they were issued; the
serial number(s) of the CNLDDs; and how they were utilized (training or
operations). This log will be periodically reviewed by the RO (or designee) to
ensure compliance.
n. Approval from the Director of UFCE is required prior to each individual
purchase of CNLDDs.

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D. Warning Shots and Disabling Fire
1. Warning Shots - Warning shots are not permitted except as follows:
a. Warning shots may be used by Authorized Officers/Agents when conducting
maritime law enforcement operations only as a signal to stop a vessel.
b. Warning shots may be used by Authorized Officers/Agents when conducting
aviation law enforcement operations only as a signal to an aircraft to change
course and follow direction to leave airspace.
Warning shots are to be used as a signal only. They are used to attract attention
after all other available means of signaling have failed. This conforms to United
States and international law, which recognize warning shots across the bow of
vessels, or across the nose of an aircraft, as legitimate signals.
2. Disabling Fire - Firearms may not be used solely to disable moving vehicles,
vessels, aircraft or other conveyances, except when Authorized Officers/Agents
are conducting maritime law enforcement activities against maritime
conveyances.
a. When a pursued vessel fails to comply with an order to stop, and warning
shots have been deployed, the CBP Vessel or Aircraft Commander may elect
to authorize disabling fire.
b. The authority to commence disabling fire rests with the Vessel or Aircraft
Commander. The decision to fire, however, ultimately rests with the shooter.
It is the shooter’s responsibility to ensure the safe deployment of the disabling
rounds.
3. Warning shots and disabling fire shall be deployed with strict adherence to
UFCE-approved programs, policies, procedures and directives.
4. Only ordnance approved by the Director of UFCE, shall be authorized for use in
conducting warning and/or disabling fire.
5. Only those Authorized Officers/Agents who have successfully completed UFCEapproved training are authorized to utilize warning shots and/or disabling fire.
6. Warning shots and/or disabling fire poses a potential hazard; therefore, good
judgment must be exercised at all times. They cannot be fired where there is a
reasonable belief that personal injury, death, or unintended property damage will
occur. Safety shall always be the first consideration when utilizing warning shots
and/or disabling fire.
7. The use of warning shots and/or disabling fire is considered less-lethal force, and
shall be reported in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.

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E. Emergency Situations
In threatening, emergent situations, Authorized Officers/Agents are authorized to
use any available weapon in a manner that is reasonable and necessary for selfdefense or the defense of another person.
However, this statement does not authorize the carrying of any weapon for duty use
that is not authorized and listed on the UFCE Authorized Equipment List (or
specifically approved by the Director of UFCE).

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Chapter 5: Investigation of Incidents Involving the Use of Force
A. Investigation of Incidents Involving the Use of Force
1. Any use of force incident involving CBP employees may be reviewed and/or
investigated both criminally, in order to ensure compliance with applicable law, as
well as administratively, in order to ensure compliance with DHS and/or CBP
policy.
2. Criminal Review/Investigation - Any use of force incident involving CBP
employees may be reviewed and/or investigated by the appropriate federal, state
or local law enforcement agencies.
a. Local law enforcement agencies may investigate use of force incidents,
including those resulting in serious physical injury or death, occurring within
their territorial jurisdictions.
b. A CBP employee involved in a use of force incident should anticipate a review
and/or investigation by the appropriate federal, state or local authorities.
3. Administrative Review - Any use of force incident involving CBP employees may
be subject to an administrative review by the Office of Internal Affairs (IA) and/or
local CBP management.
4. When an injured or diseased animal is euthanized by an Authorized
Officer/Agent, the investigation/review may be limited. This decision should be
based on reasonable facts and belief that the action taken was prudent,
appropriate and justified. If any doubt exists as to the need to have euthanized
the animal, a full investigation should be completed.
B. Internal Affairs Investigation of Incidents Involving the Use of Deadly Force
1. Upon receipt of declination from DHS investigative entities (or as appropriate for
a parallel secondary investigation) IA shall direct designated investigative
personnel to initiate an investigation.
a. If the incident is also being investigated by DHS or other investigative entities,
the investigation must be coordinated with the entity with primary investigative
jurisdiction to ensure procedural continuity.
2. An IA investigation is intended to determine the following:
a. Is there any indication of criminal misconduct by any CBP employee?

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b. Were the actions of each CBP employee involved in the incident appropriate
and in accordance with CBP policies? (e.g., was each application of force
both reasonable and necessary, as articulated in the Policy on the Use of
Force By CBP Officers and Agents?)
c. Are there any factors that should be referred by IA to the CBP Office of Chief
Counsel concerning potential litigation?
3. IA shall assign investigative personnel to conduct an investigation of the incident.
a. No investigating agent who has a conflicting relationship with the involved
employee(s) shall be assigned to the investigation.
b. The assigned IA investigations manager shall determine if a conflict of
interest exists between the investigating agent and the involved employee.
4. The designated investigative personnel shall:
a. Obtain a report from the Joint Intake Center;
b. Follow standard investigative procedures;
c. Ensure that when any bargaining unit employee is compelled by or through
CBP and/or DHS to provide any information that could reasonably lead to
disciplinary action against that employee (other than the initial verbal
notification outlined herein), he or she is advised in writing of his or her right
to Union representation in accordance with the applicable provisions of the
law and governing Collective Bargaining Agreement;
d. Ensure that supervisory or investigative officers/agents involved in the
investigation of a use of force incident are aware that any information
provided by any employee under threat of disciplinary action by CBP, or
compelled by any other means, may be subject to exclusion from criminal
proceedings consistent with the standards outlined in Garrity v. New Jersey,
385 U.S. 493 (1966);
e. In appropriate circumstances, and upon proper authorization, employees will
be provided “Kalkines” warnings consistent with Kalkines v. U.S., 473 F.2d
1391 (Ct. Cl 1973) informing them of the requirement to cooperate in
management’s examination when the employee has been assured that he or
she will not be subject to criminal action; and
(1) After receiving such assurances, an employee’s failure to cooperate in an
administrative investigation may result in disciplinary action up to and
including removal.

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f. Ensure that upon completion of the investigation of the incident that a single,
consolidated report of the incident is prepared by the investigative team.
Reports shall conform to the substance of agency policy regarding reports of
investigation. A copy of the report shall be sent to the respective component
ACs and the Director of UFCE.
C. Local CBP Management Review of Use of Deadly Force Incidents
1. Upon receipt of a referral from the Office of Internal Affairs (IA) the RO shall
initiate a local CBP management review.
a. If the incident is also being investigated by DHS or other investigative entities,
the local review must be coordinated with the entity with primary investigative
jurisdiction to ensure procedural continuity.
2. The RO (or his or her designee) shall assign a manager and a Use of Force
Instructor (or other subject-matter expert) to conduct the review.
a. No employee who has a conflicting relationship with the involved employee(s)
shall be assigned to the review.
b. The RO shall determine if a conflict of interest exists between the reviewing
officer/agent and the involved employee.
3. The local CBP management review will determine:
a. Is there any indication of criminal misconduct by any CBP employee?
b. Were the actions of each CBP employee involved in the incident appropriate
and in accordance with CBP policies? (e.g., was each application of force
both reasonable and necessary, as articulated in the Policy on the Use of
Force By CBP Officers and Agents?)
c. Are there any factors that should be referred to IA and/or the CBP Office of
Chief Counsel concerning potential litigation?
d. What, if any, corrective action is required?
4. The RO (or his or her designee) shall ensure that:
a. When any bargaining unit employee is compelled by or through CBP and/or
DHS to provide any information that could reasonably lead to disciplinary
action against that employee (other than the initial verbal notification outlined
herein), he or she is advised in writing of his or her right to Union
representation in accordance with the applicable provisions of the law and
governing Collective Bargaining Agreement;

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b. Supervisory or investigative officers/agents involved in the investigation of a
use of force incident are aware that any information provided by any
employee under threat of disciplinary action by CBP, or compelled by any
other means, may be subject to exclusion from criminal proceedings
consistent with the standards outlined in Garrity v. New Jersey, 385 U.S. 493
(1966); and
c. In appropriate circumstances, and upon proper authorization, employees will
be provided “Kalkines” warnings consistent with Kalkines v. U.S., 473 F.2d
1391 (Ct. Cl 1973) informing them of the requirement to cooperate in
management’s examination when the employee has been assured that he or
she will not be subject to criminal action.
(1) After receiving such assurances, an employee’s failure to cooperate in an
administrative investigation may result in disciplinary action up to and
including removal.
5. The RO (or his or her designee) shall ensure that any use of force and/or officer
safety issues that are identified during the review (e.g., training, tactics,
equipment or policy) are promptly brought to the attention of the Director of
UFCE via a written report or memorandum.
D. Local CBP Management Review of Use of Less-Lethal Force Incidents
1. Each RO is responsible for convening a local Use of Less-Lethal Force Review
Committee at least once per month. The purpose of the Committee will be to
review all less-lethal force incidents that occurred within the RO’s area of
responsibility in the previous month.
a. The meeting of the Review Committee may be deferred if no incidents
involving the use of less-lethal force occurred during the previous month.
b. The review of incidents under initial investigation may be delayed until the
investigation is complete.
2. This Committee will consist of:
a. Senior level managers; and
b. A Use of Force Instructor (or other subject-matter expert).
3. The Committee will review each incident to determine:
a. Is there any indication of criminal misconduct by any CBP employee?

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b. Were the actions of each CBP employee involved in the incident appropriate
and in accordance with CBP policies? (e.g., was each application of force
both reasonable and necessary, as articulated in the Policy on the Use of
Force By CBP Officers and Agents?)
c. Are there are any factors that should be referred to IA and/or the CBP Office
of Chief Counsel concerning potential litigation?
d. What, if any, corrective action is required?
4. The RO shall ensure that any use of force and/or officer safety issues that are
identified during the review (e.g., training, tactics, equipment or policy) are
promptly brought to the attention of the Director of UFCE via a written report or
memorandum.
E. Legal Representation Following an Incident Involving the Use of Force
1. The Department of Justice may provide legal representation to present or former
CBP employees sued, subpoenaed or charged in a personal capacity for actions
taken within the scope of their employment, provided that the employee’s actions
were taken in good faith and with a reasonable belief in the lawfulness of the
actions taken.
a. This representation is discretionary, and is contingent upon a finding that the
employee’s actions giving rise to the suit reasonably appear to have been
performed within the scope of employment, and that it is in the interest of the
United States to provide the requested representation.
b. The Department of Justice is responsible for making final determinations
regarding requests for legal representation.
c. Representation requests must be made by formal written request through the
local Office of Chief Counsel. Requests should include copies of summonses
or complaints as applicable.
d. Emergency, interim legal representation for federal law enforcement officials
is made available by the Department of Justice in the immediate aftermath of
a shooting or other use of force involving serious physical injury. These
requests should be coordinated through the local Office of Chief Counsel.
F. Employee Status During An Investigation
1. While CBP’s internal investigation of the incident, or a criminal investigation of
the incident, is being conducted, the RO may, with the concurrence of the
appropriate AC, permit the employee to take Administrative Leave with pay until
either or both of the investigations are completed.

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2. If any such investigation lasts more than 30 days beyond the date of the use of
force incident, the RO shall provide the affected employee with a status report of
the investigation(s) at 30-day intervals until the employee is returned to full duty
status.
The report may be oral or in writing, and shall inform the employee of the status
of the investigation(s) to the extent known by CBP and an estimated time of
completion of the investigation(s).
G. Post-Incident Drug and Alcohol Testing
1. Post-incident drug and alcohol testing shall be required after any use of deadly
force against a person.
2. Post-incident drug and alcohol testing shall also be required after any use of
force when there is a reasonable suspicion that the actions of the officer/agent
were the result of drug or alcohol use.
a. The decision to require post-incident testing under subsection G.2 must be
based on articulable facts, evidence and circumstances and be undertaken in
accordance with applicable standards and procedures.
3. Post-incident drug and alcohol testing shall be undertaken in accordance with
applicable standards and procedures.

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Chapter 6: Use of Force Proficiency and Training
A. Firearms Proficiency and Training Requirements
1. All Authorized Officers/Agents who carry a CBP-issued firearm must maintain
and regularly demonstrate an acceptable level of proficiency.
2. All Office of Field Operations personnel are required, at a minimum, to
demonstrate their proficiency in the use of each of the firearms that they are
issued two times per year during each of the following training periods:
a. October through March; and
b. April through September.
3. All other armed CBP personnel are required to demonstrate their proficiency in
the use of each of the firearms that they are issued four times per year during the
following training periods:
a. October through December;
b. January through March;
c. April through June; and
d. July through September.
4. Based on operational needs and requirements a RO may require that Authorized
Officers/Agents maintain and demonstrate proficiency with additional firearms
(e.g., a rifle, shotgun, etc.).
5. Based on operational needs and requirements an AC may require that
Authorized Officers/Agents train and/or demonstrate proficiency with greater
frequency (e.g., every three months).
6. An acceptable level of proficiency, pursuant to guidelines established by the
Director of UFCE, is based on the following:
a. Successfully completing an approved CBP qualification course of fire in no
more than two consecutive attempts and achieving at least the minimum
numerical score, as determined by the Director of UFCE;
b. Demonstrating proper handling techniques and manual dexterity required to
safely draw, fire, holster, load, unload and operate the firearm;

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c. Demonstrating safe weapon handling skills with the firearm during all firearms
training;
d. Successfully completing advanced firearms training exercises (AFTE),
pursuant to guidelines established or approved by the Director of UFCE; and
e. Demonstrating appropriate responses to the failure or malfunction of firearms
or ammunition, including immediate action drills and weapons clearing
procedures.
7. Successful completion of the demonstration of proficiency requirement
authorizes the Authorized Officer/Agent to carry that firearm until the last day of
the following training period.
8. UFCE will publish advanced firearm training exercises (AFTE) that are required
to be completed during firearms training. Responsible supervisory personnel
shall ensure that each officer/agent completes AFTE each training period.
9. Each Authorized Officer/Agent must successfully complete, at a minimum, one
firearm-based use of force training scenario, approved by the Director of UFCE,
on an annual basis.
10. Each Authorized Officer/Agent must successfully complete a night fire or low-light
familiarization course of fire, approved by the Director of UFCE, on an annual
basis (sunglasses or similar devices may not be used to simulate night or
reduced light conditions).
11. During each training period, all Authorized Officers/Agents must receive UFCEapproved training on use of force policy.
12. ROs shall ensure that all Authorized Officers/Agents participate in firearms
training each training period. Each training block may include firearms
qualifications.
13. Managers/supervisors are responsible for planning schedules to ensure that
Authorized Officers/Agents are able to participate in required training and
qualifications. Officers/agents are responsible for planning their activities to
ensure that they participate in required training and qualifications.
14. If an Authorized Officer/Agent is detailed to another duty location and will miss
training or qualification at their permanent duty location, the officer/agent shall
notify managers/supervisors at the temporary duty location of his or her need to
train and qualify during that training period.
15. No portion or stage of any firearms qualification course may be waived or altered
without written authorization from the Director of UFCE.

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B. Less-Lethal Use of Force Proficiency and Training Requirements
1. All Authorized Officers/Agents must maintain and regularly demonstrate an
acceptable level of proficiency in the use of less-lethal force.
2. All Authorized Officers/Agents are required, on an annual basis (at least once
every fiscal year), to demonstrate their proficiency in the use of less-lethal force,
and in each of the less-lethal devices that they are issued.
3. Based on operational needs and requirements, an RO may require that
officers/agents maintain and demonstrate proficiency with additional less-lethal
devices (e.g., FN303, 40mm, etc.).
4. Based on operational needs and requirements an AC may require that
Authorized Officers/Agents train with greater frequency (e.g., every three
months).
5. ROs shall ensure that all Authorized Officers/Agents participate in training in
less-lethal techniques, tactics and devices each training period. Each such
training block may include the annual re-certification on a less-lethal device.
6. During each training period, all Authorized Officers/Agents must receive UFCEapproved training on use of force policy.
7. On an annual basis, all Authorized Officers/Agents must receive UFCE-approved
training and/or demonstrate proficiency in the following areas:
a. OC Spray 5;
b. CSB;
c. Other less-lethal devices they are certified to carry;
d. Control and arrest techniques;
e. Edged weapons defense; and
f. Defensive tactics.

5

Authorized Officers/Agents who are not certified to carry OC spray must attend OC training (in order to
understand the effects and prepare for decontamination) but are not required to take the written test or
participate in the skills assessment for OC spray.

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8. Managers/supervisors are responsible for planning schedules to ensure that
Authorized Officers/Agents are able to participate in required training and
qualifications. Officers/agents are responsible for planning their activities to
ensure that they participate in required training and qualifications.
9. If an Authorized Officer/Agent is detailed to another duty location and will miss
training or qualification at their permanent duty location, the officer/agent shall
notify managers/supervisors at the temporary duty location of his or her need to
train and qualify during that training period.
10. No portion or stage of any less-lethal qualification course may be waived or
altered without written authorization from the Director of UFCE.
C. Less-Lethal Device Training and Certification
1. Guidelines and Responsibilities
The following guidelines and responsibilities apply to all CBP less-lethal devices,
systems and associated equipment. Additional device-specific guidelines are
contained in the following subsections.
a. No Authorized Officer/Agent shall be allowed to carry a less-lethal device until
they have successfully completed the UFCE-approved initial course of
instruction for such device and have been certified in its use.
b. Only CBP-certified instructors shall instruct and certify CBP law enforcement
personnel as less-lethal device end users/operators or instructors.
c. Only less-lethal devices, systems and associated equipment authorized by
UFCE shall be used for training.
d. UFCE shall be responsible for development and approval of less-lethal device
training materials and certification standards.
e. Appropriate safety equipment shall be worn during any less-lethal training.
f. UFCE shall be responsible for the periodic review of the field training and
usage of less-lethal devices, systems and associated equipment, in order to
evaluate compliance with policy and curriculum, as well as to assess their
overall safety and effectiveness.
2. OC Spray and CSB
a. Successful completion/certification in the use of both OC spray and the CSB
is required at the basic training academies.

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b. Upon successful completion of the OC certification course, an Authorized
Officer/Agent shall be issued an OC device and a holder. Such items shall be
replaced as necessary without cost to the officer/agent.
c. Upon successful completion of the CSB certification course, an Authorized
Officer/Agent shall be issued a baton and a holder. Such items shall be
replaced as necessary without cost to the officer/agent.
3. Electronic Control Weapons (ECWs)
a. Exposure to an ECW is not required for end user/operator certification.
b. End users may opt to participate in exposure training, so long as the training
is conducted under the close supervision of CBP-certified ECW instructors
and in a controlled manner with appropriate safety equipment.
c. The Instructor must obtain a voluntarily-signed waiver/consent from
participants before conducting voluntary exposures. If the end user’s
exposure will be videotaped and used in later training events or training
materials, consent must also be obtained for the videotaping and later use.
4. Compressed Air Launchers (e.g., PLS and/or FN303)
a. Only Authorized Officers/Agents who are trained and certified in the use of
OC spray may be trained and certified to use compressed air launchers.
b. Exposure to FN303 projectiles (either kinetic impact or PAVA) during training
is not permitted.
c. Exposure to PLS projectiles is not required for end user/operator certification.
d. End users may opt to participate in PLS exposure training, so long as the
training is conducted under the close supervision of CBP-certified instructors
and in a controlled manner with appropriate safety equipment.
e. PLS voluntary kinetic impact exposures shall be conducted as follows: All
participating officers and agents shall wear appropriate safety equipment
(including a paintball face shield and protection for the throat, groin and
hands) and are permitted to wear additional protective equipment (such as
arm and leg protection and/or CBP-issued body armor) at their discretion.
The PLS instructor will launch 1 kinetic impact projectile at the male
officer’s/agent’s chest or a female officer’s/agent’s thigh from a distance of 20
feet.

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5. Munition Launcher (e.g., 40mm) and LLSI-CM
a. Only Authorized Officers/Agents who are trained and certified in the use of
OC spray may be trained and certified to use munition launchers and LLSICM.
b. Exposure to Less-Lethal Specialty Impact (LLSI) devices is not permitted.
c. Exposure to a Less-Lethal Chemical Munition (LLCM) is not required for end
user/operator certification.
d. End users may opt to participate in LLCM exposure training, so long as the
training is conducted under the close supervision of CBP certified LLSI-CM
instructors and in a controlled manner with appropriate safety equipment.
D. Failure to Qualify and Remedial Training
1. Authorized Officers/Agents who are unable to demonstrate an acceptable level of
proficiency with any firearm or less-lethal device shall have their authority to carry
that firearm or less-lethal device suspended.
a. The Authorized Officer/Agent shall immediately relinquish the firearm or lesslethal device to the instructor.
b. The officer/agent will be provided with a record of the transfer of such item(s).
2. Following a failure to qualify, the Authorized Officer/Agent shall promptly be
scheduled for and attend remedial training with a CBP-certified instructor.
a. Remedial training shall be conducted during normal duty hours and begin as
soon as practicable after failure to qualify.
b. Remedial training shall not exceed two hours per day for up to eight additional
hours (as needed to demonstrate proficiency).
3. An Authorized Officer/Agent who, after completing remedial firearms training, is
unable to demonstrate the required level of proficiency shall:
a. Have the removal of his or her CBP-issued firearm recorded in FACTS; and
b. Not be assigned to perform duties that require the carrying of a firearm or
less-lethal device and may be subject to reassignment or removal.
c. If such inability to demonstrate proficiency is for reasons that are beyond the
officer’s/agent’s control, he or she may be reassigned to a position that does
not require the carrying of a firearm.

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Such reassignment shall not obligate CBP to pay relocation expenses and
shall not involve reassignment to a position which has non-competitive
promotion potential beyond the position from which the officer/agent is
reassigned.
d. If such inability to demonstrate proficiency is for reasons that reasonably
appear to be within the officer’s/agent’s control, he or she may be removed
from employment in accordance with applicable laws, government-wide
regulations and CBP policies.
4. In instances where an Authorized Officer/Agent is unable to demonstrate the
required level of proficiency with a shoulder-fired weapon or less-lethal device,
and the authority to carry such weapon/device is revoked, the officer/agent shall
not be assigned to duties that normally require the carrying of such
weapon(s)/device(s).
E. Unable to Participate
1. Authorized Absences - Authorized Officers/Agents who are unable to participate
in qualifications due to an authorized absence shall be excused from such
requirement(s) in accordance with the provisions of this subsection.
a. An authorized absence must be approved, in writing, by the officer’s/agent’s
RO (or his/her designee), and shall generally be limited to circumstances
beyond the officer’s/agent’s control.
b. RO’s may, on a case-by-case basis, grant an extension of up to 30 days
beyond the last day of the current training period.
2. Officer/Agent on Detail - If an Authorized Officer/Agent is detailed to another duty
location and will miss one or more firearms qualification(s) and/or an annual lesslethal device qualification at his or her permanent duty location, the officer/agent
shall notify supervisory or management officials at the temporary duty location of
his or her need to qualify during that training period.
a. If the detailed Authorized Officer/Agent is performing duties that normally
require the carrying of a firearm and/or less-lethal device, the RO who is
responsible for the officer’s/agent’s temporary duty location shall make
reasonable efforts to provide the means and the opportunity for the
officer/agent to qualify during that training period.
b. If the detailed Authorized Officer/Agent is performing duties that are routinely
performed by officers/agents who do not carry a firearm and/or less-lethal
device, the officer may be exempted from the requirement to qualify until he
or she returns to his or her permanent duty location.

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3. Exemptions to Qualification Requirements - On a case-by-case basis (and
consistent with the requirements of the subsections below) an Authorized
Officer/Agent may be granted an exemption by the RO to the requirement to
participate in firearms qualifications and/or annual less-lethal device
qualifications.
a. An exemption (not to exceed 270 days) may be granted:
(1) Due to a temporary physical condition (e.g., injury, surgery, illness or
pregnancy) which affects the officer’s/agent’s ability to properly utilize a
firearm and/or less-lethal device; or
(2) Due to circumstances beyond the officer’s/agent’s control.
b. The time period for an exemption begins from the day it is granted by the RO.
c. Authorized Officers/Agents requesting a medical exemption must provide
their supervisor with a written doctor’s recommendation. The
recommendation must describe the nature of the disability and the anticipated
duration of the disability.
d. The authority to grant these exemptions is limited to ROs, and his/her
decision regarding the granting of an exemption, and the duration thereof,
shall be based on all available relevant information.
(1) Such information may include the medical documentation submitted by the
officer/agent, records of the officer’s/agent’s prior firearms and/or lesslethal device qualifications and the recommendations of the Firearms
Instructor(s) and/or Less-Lethal Instructor(s) and supervisory personnel.
e. Authorized Officers/Agents granted an exemption from qualifying shall receive
a written authorization to continue carrying firearm(s) and/or less-lethal
device(s).
(1) The written notice shall include a specific expiration date of the exemption,
and a description of the firearm(s) and/or less-lethal device(s) the
officer/agent is authorized to carry.
f. An exemption shall not be granted for non-physical conditions or mental
trauma related to mental illness deemed by a mental health professional to
adversely affect the Authorized Officer’s/Agent’s judgment regarding the use
of force. Such mental disability shall require immediate revocation of
authority to carry a firearm and/or less-lethal device.

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F. Exposure to Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray
One exposure to OC spray shall be required as part of the basic certification course
for Authorized Officers/Agents to carry OC.
1. As part of the basic training at the CBP academies, officers/agents shall be
exposed as part of the course of instruction.
2. Authorized Officers/Agents who have already completed the basic academy prior
to the effective date of this policy, but who have not been exposed to OC, are not
required to be exposed but are required to attend the OC re-certification course
and participate in less-lethal training.

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Chapter 7: CBP Body Armor
A. General Guidelines and Responsibilities
1. Authorized Officers/Agents (and other employees as approved) shall be issued
personal protective body armor.
a. The minimum ballistic threat protection level of new CBP-issued body armor
shall be Level IIIA, as certified by and in accordance with the standards of,
the National Institute of Justice (NIJ).
b. Body armor that has exceeded its expiration date (as listed in FACTS) or
become unserviceable shall be replaced (as funds are available).
c. Body armor carriers and accessories that become unserviceable shall be
replaced (as funds are available).
2. CBP employees who are issued body armor are responsible for the general care,
maintenance and safekeeping of body armor in accordance with the
requirements of Chapter 8 and the manufacturer's recommendations and ballistic
panel labeling.
3. CBP employees who are issued body armor are required to complete mandatory
UFCE-approved body armor training.
4. CBP employees changing duty locations or duty assignments within CBP (and
whose new position requires/is authorized for body armor) shall retain their
assigned body armor.
5. Departing CBP employees (transferring to other agencies, separating, or retiring)
shall turn in their body armor to their Body Armor Coordinator (BAC) and
complete the appropriate transfer in FACTS.
6. BACs (or other designated personnel who have received training in the
characteristics, care, and maintenance of soft body armor) are responsible for
coordinating requests for body armor, ensuring that training requirements are
met, and conducting inspections and inventory of all body armor as required.
7. BACs should maintain an adequate supply of various sizes of serviceable body
armor on hand for use in emergency situations or to replace body armor in a
timely manner.
a. This supply should not exceed 5% of the total number of employees issued
body armor at the duty location. For smaller duty locations (less than 100
officers/agents) up to 5 sets of unissued armor are authorized.
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b. Any unissued body armor in excess of 5% should be transferred/sent to
UFCE.
c. Body armor held on behalf of CBP employees on leave or detail, or new
armor awaiting initial issue, shall not count against the limits outlined in this
subsection.
8. Unserviceable body armor shall be transferred/sent to UFCE for processing and
destruction.
B. Policy on the Wear of Body Armor
1. CBP strongly encourages the use of body armor at all times while performing law
enforcement duties.
2. While the wearing of body armor during normal operations is at the discretion of
the employee, managers may mandate the wearing of body armor in a limited
number of high-risk situations or during activities as specified in subsection 3
below.
3. The wearing of body armor by CBP employees is mandatory during the following
activities:
a. Firearms training and qualification (after being issued body armor);
b. Special response team deployments, when officers/agents are part of an
arrest, entry, or perimeter element;
c. Execution of high-risk search or arrest warrants, terrorism related or other
high-risk operations, and specialty unit operations, as directed by the CBP
operational component Assistant Commissioner (AC) or Chief;
d. Air and marine operations, as directed by the AC of the Office of Air and
Marine (OAM);
e. For marine personnel aboard CBP vessels, while conducting vessel
boardings or actively engaged in the employment of warning shots and
disabling fire;
f. Emergency situations, when management determines that there is an
immediate threat to the safety of CBP employees (affected employees will be
notified that the wearing of body armor is required); and
g. When practical, for the transportation, storage or destruction of seized
narcotics, currency, or other high-risk or valuable commodities.

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4. When CBP employees are required to wear body armor, they will be provided
opportunities to rehydrate and remove the body armor when practicable.
5. Authorized Officers/Agents working in an undercover capacity, or in support of an
officer/agent working in an undercover capacity, may be exempted from the
requirement of wearing body armor if the wearing of the body armor presents a
danger of being exposed as a law enforcement officer.
a. This exemption pertains to officers/agents who will be working in close
proximity to violators who may identify the officer/agent as a law enforcement
officer if he or she is wearing body armor.
b. In all cases, the exemption must be approved by a supervisor.
C. Replacement of CBP-Issued Body Armor
1. CBP employees are responsible for requesting the issuance of replacement body
armor, as needed, and for ensuring that their issued armor has not exceeded its
designated replacement date (as listed in FACTS).
2. CBP employees issued body armor shall, as soon as practicable, notify their
supervisor of the need to replace lost, stolen, worn, damaged, or ill-fitting body
armor, should such a need be identified between periodic inspections.
3. Body armor measurements and officer/agent information shall be entered into the
FACTS Body Armor Request module by the BAC, where it must be approved by
the respective operational component and forwarded to UFCE for processing.
4. Once replacement body armor has been received and issued to the employee,
the previously issued armor shall be transferred to the BAC. Unserviceable
armor shall be transferred/sent to UFCE for processing and destruction.
5. The Office of Training and Development (OTD) is responsible for the purchase of
initial issue body armor for students at the CBP training academies. CBP offices
are responsible for funding the purchase of replacement body armor for their
respective employees.
D. Storage and Accountability for CBP Body Armor
1. Body armor shall be stored in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 8.H.
2. Body armor shall be inventoried/accounted for in accordance with the
requirements of Chapter 8.C.
3. Body armor that is lost or stolen shall be reported in accordance with the
requirements of Chapter 8.D.

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E. Testing, Acquisition and Disposal
1. The Director of UFCE is responsible for overseeing all testing and evaluation of
CBP body armor. No testing or evaluation of body armor, and associated
carriers may be undertaken without the prior consent of the Director of UFCE.
2. The Director of UFCE is responsible for overseeing the acquisition of all CBPissued body armor. No CBP component or individual officer/agent or employee
is authorized to solicit, accept or otherwise acquire body armor outside of
authorized CBP equipment procurement and distribution procedures for any CBP
purpose or operation without the written consent of the Director of UFCE.
3. All CBP body armor that is no longer required at the field location shall be
transferred in FACTS and shipped to UFCE.
4. Field entities are not authorized to dispose of or otherwise remove body armor
from CBP inventory.
F. Personally-Owned Body Armor
1. CBP employees eligible for CBP-issued body armor may purchase and wear
personally-owned Level IIIA body armor.
a. The armor must meet current NIJ body armor standards and be maintained
and replaced according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
b. The Director of UFCE must approve all personally-owned armor worn on
duty.
c. The Director of UFCE shall maintain a list of NIJ-approved Level lIIA body
armor.

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Chapter 8: Accountability for Firearms, Body Armor and Other Use of
Force Equipment
A. General Guidelines and Responsibilities
1. Each Authorized Officer/Agent shall be responsible for the general care,
maintenance and safekeeping of CBP-issued firearms, body armor and other use
of force equipment.
a. Authorized Officers/Agents are expected to exercise good judgment in
providing sufficient security for CBP-issued use of force equipment to protect
against theft or unauthorized use.
b. Authorized Officers/Agents may be subject to disciplinary action if CBPissued use of force equipment is lost or stolen, and a determination is made
that the officer/agent was negligent or used poor judgment in safeguarding
that equipment.
B. The Firearms, Armor and Credentials Tracking System (FACTS)
1. The Firearms, Armor and Credentials Tracking System (FACTS) provides
oversight and lifecycle accountability for specified law enforcement assets and
equipment (including firearms, body armor, ECWs and munition launchers).
2. All specified law enforcement assets must have accountability and lifecycle data
recorded in FACTS, including acquisition, issuance, repair, transfer, loss (if
applicable) and destruction.
3. Prior to the separation of an employee from CBP, the immediate supervisor is
responsible for ensuring that all assigned assets in FACTS have been turned in
to the appropriate coordinator, and that action has been recorded in FACTS.
4. Responsible Officials (ROs), managers and supervisors are responsible for
ensuring that the data contained in FACTS is accurate.
5. The Director of UFCE is responsible for providing policy guidance and system
oversight of FACTS.
6. Firearms Coordinators (FCOs) must notify UFCE when a FACTS asset
undergoes any atypical change of disposition (e.g., use for competition, firearm
being held as evidence, etc.).

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C. Inventory of Accountable Assets in FACTS
1. The Director of UFCE shall direct an inventory for all law enforcement assets that
are accountable in FACTS at least once per year. Additional periodic inventories
may be directed as necessary.
2. Firearms Instructors shall physically verify the serial numbers of all assigned
firearms used during demonstrations of proficiency and enter them into FACTS.
3. Authorized Officers/Agents shall physically inventory assigned assets in their
possession and record such action as required in FACTS.
4. Supervisors shall physically verify an employee’s inventoried property and record
such action as required in FACTS.
5. ROs, managers and supervisors are responsible for the accuracy and timeliness
of inventories for their organizational components.
D. Lost or Stolen Firearms, Body Armor and/or Other Equipment in FACTS
1. If a law enforcement asset that is accountable in FACTS is lost or stolen, it shall
be reported as follows:
a. The employee shall report the loss to a supervisor (within two hours of the
discovery of the loss or theft).
b. Upon notification of a loss or theft, the supervisor shall:
(1) Ensure that the loss or theft is reported immediately through the chain of
command, to the Commissioner’s Situation Room and to the Joint Intake
Center (JIC);
(2) Ensure that the make, model and serial number are entered into the
National Crime Information Center (NCIC) database (within 24 hours); and
(3) Ensure that the accountable officer/agent initiates a loss action in FACTS
(within 24 hours).
Detailed instructions for completing this process are outlined in the applicable
Standard Operating Procedures, available in the UFCE section of CBPnet
Secure.
2. CBP employees must comply with applicable local law enforcement reporting
requirements.

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3. When a CBP-issued firearm has been lost or stolen the employee shall (so long
as the authority to carry a firearm has not been revoked) promptly be provided
with:
a. A replacement CBP-issued firearm; and
b. The opportunity to familiarize himself or herself with the replacement firearm
under the supervision of a FI.
The employee shall qualify with the replacement firearm as soon as practicable.
4. Lost or stolen body armor will be replaced as soon as practicable.
E. Personal Property Management Oversight Board (PPMOB)
1. The PPMOB should meet within thirty days of receipt of a Report of Survey.
2. UFCE is responsible for documenting the PPMOB findings in FACTS in order to
terminate the asset record.
F. Requests for Firearms/Assets in FACTS
1. Requests for firearms and/or other assets shall be initiated and approved in
FACTS.
a. The appropriate FACTS coordinator shall request the asset from UFCE, with
the concurrence/approval of the RO or COA.
b. Requests for firearms (other than handguns) and/or munition launchers
require review/approval by operational component headquarters personnel
and the concurrence of the Director of UFCE.
G. Transfers of Accountability in FACTS
1. CBP employees shall electronically transfer any FACTS asset via a FACTS
Transfer Action.
2. The employee receiving the asset must electronically accept it in FACTS (within
three days of receipt).
3. Accountability does not change until the transfer is accepted in the system.
4. All unissued (or pool) firearms and/or other unissued assets that are accountable
in FACTS shall be assigned to the appropriate FACTS Coordinator for that office.

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H. Storage of Firearms and Body Armor
1. A safety-locking device (cable lock, trigger lock and/or lock box) shall be issued
to all Authorized Officers/Agents and other CBP armed personnel.
2. A safety-locking device (e.g., a cable lock, trigger lock, lock box) shall be used
when storing a CBP-issued firearm in a residence, temporary residence or
lodging unless the weapon is within the immediate reach of the employee.
a. When stored, firearms shall be placed out of plain view and in a location that
affords reasonable protection against theft or unauthorized use.
3. Off Duty Storage - CBP firearms and body armor shall not be left unattended in
vehicles, vessels, or aircraft unless there is a justified operational need and the
storage is approved, in writing, by a supervisor.
a. Such approval must be obtained in advance; however the employee is not
required to have a copy of the documentation with him/her.
b. Due to the possibility of loss or theft, the employee must, at a minimum, lock
the vehicle and store the equipment out of plain view.
4. When CBP employees are on extended leave that is expected to exceed ninety
days, their CBP-issued firearm(s) and body armor shall be returned to the
appropriate FACTS Coordinator until they return to duty.
5. CBP firearms and/or body armor may not be stored in storage units or with
commercial storage vendors.
6. Local Stations, Branches and Ports of Entry shall be responsible for the issue,
storage, proper care and maintenance of non-issued firearms.
7. All unissued CBP firearms shall be stored in locked firearms storage containers
and in accordance with the policies and procedures cited in the CBP Security
Policy and Procedures Handbook (HB1400-02B), dated August 13, 2009
(available on CBPnet).
I. Storage of Less-Lethal Devices and Other Use of Force Equipment
The following guidelines and responsibilities apply to all CBP less-lethal devices and
other use of force equipment. Additional device-specific guidelines are contained in
the following subsections.

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1. Responsible CBP supervisory personnel shall ensure that CBP less-lethal
devices and other use of force equipment (when not in use) are stored in a
limited access location and in a manner consistent with the manufacturer’s
suggestions for storage.
2. Local Stations, Branches and Ports of Entry shall be responsible for the issue,
storage, proper care and maintenance of CBP less-lethal devices and other use
of force equipment.
3. When storing a CBP-issued less-lethal device or other use of force equipment in
a residence, temporary residence or lodging, it shall be stored out of plain view
and in a location that affords reasonable protection against theft or unauthorized
use.
4. Off Duty Storage - CBP less-lethal devices and other use of force equipment that
is accountable in FACTS shall not be left unattended in vehicles, vessels, or
aircraft unless there is a justified operational need.
a. Such approval must be obtained in advance; however the employee is not
required to have a copy of the documentation with him/her.
b. Due to the possibility of loss or theft, the employee must, at a minimum, lock
the vehicle and store the equipment out of plain view.
5. When CBP employees are on extended leave that is expected to exceed ninety
days, their CBP-issued less-lethal devices or other use of force equipment shall
be returned to the appropriate coordinator until they return to duty.
6. CBP less-lethal devices or other use of force equipment may not be stored in
storage units / with commercial storage vendors.
J. Storage of Less-Lethal Devices – Device-Specific Guidelines
1. Electronic Control Weapons (ECWs)
a. Responsible CBP supervisory personnel shall ensure that ECWs (when not in
use) are stored with the batteries in and the cartridges removed.
2. Compressed Air Launchers
a. When left unattended for short periods of time, compressed air launchers
must be stored in a locked service vehicle, trunk, or other limited access
location or in a secure CBP-issued container.

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3. Less-Lethal Specialty Impact - Chemical Munitions (LLSI-CM)
a. LLSI-CM shall be stored in a safe and secure area. Requirements for the
storage of LLSI-CM will be the same as for ammunition and firearms. The
munitions must be stored in a secure room that meets the requirements of the
CBP Security Policy and Procedures Handbook (HB1400-02B), dated August
13, 2009 (available on CBPnet).
b. A Department of Transportation (DOT) 1.4D explosive placard will be posted
on the door of CBP LLSI-CM storage site (contact OTD/UFCE if further
guidance is needed).
c. When left unattended for short periods of time, LLSI-CM must be stored in a
locked service vehicle, trunk, or other limited access location or in a secure
CBP-issued container.
4. Controlled Noise and Light Distraction Devices (CNLDDs)
a. All unissued CBP CNLDDs shall be stored in locked storage containers and in
accordance with the policies and procedures cited in the CBP Security Policy
and Procedures Handbook (HB1400-02B), dated August 13, 2009 (available
on CBPnet) and/or in accordance with Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms
and Explosives (ATF) guidelines (see e.g., ATF Ruling 2009-3 and ATF
Publication 5400.7).
b. Annual inventories of CNLDDs will be conducted, and any lost, stolen or
missing CNLDDs will be noted and forwarded to appropriate supervisory
personnel.
c. CNLDDs shall not be stored in residences, vehicles, vessels, or aircraft
overnight (or equivalent) unless there is a justified operational purpose and it
is approved, in writing, by a supervisor.
(1) Such approval must be obtained in advance; however the employee is not
required to have a copy of the documentation with him/her.
(2) To receive approval for storage of a CNLDD under this subsection it must
be able to be secured in a residence or to a vehicle, vessel, or aircraft by
locked chain, cable, or CBP-approved safety-locking device and
concealed from view.
K. Unissued Firearms
1. The maximum allowable number of unissued firearms for each type of handgun
is limited to 5% of the number of officers/agents at the duty location. For smaller
duty locations (less than 100 officers/agents) up to 5 unissued handguns are
authorized.
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2. The number of handguns authorized to be retained in reserve as unissued by the
Director of UFCE shall be 10% of the total number of Authorized Officers/Agents.
3. The maximum allowable number of each type of Shoulder Fired Weapon (SFW)
is limited to 105% of the number of Authorized Officers/Agents at the duty
location.
4. The number of SFWs authorized to be retained in reserve as unissued by the
Director of UFCE shall be 5% of the total number of Authorized Officers/Agents.
5. Firearms held on behalf of officers/agents on leave or detail, for repair, or for use
in training or ceremonial duties shall not count against the limits outlined in this
subsection.
6. For special weapons in support of specific missions, the type, number, and
deployment shall be determined by the appropriate RO with the written
concurrence of the AC of the operational component.
L. Non-Standard Firearms
1. The AC of the respective operational component may, with concurrence of the
Director of UFCE, approve requests from an RO for a non-standard firearm.
2. Requests for authorization to carry non-standard firearms must be submitted
through FACTS for approval by the RO and the Director of UFCE. Specific
mission needs must be addressed in the form.
3. Authorizations are valid for the time period specified, or until revoked by the RO
or the Director of UFCE.
4. Non-standard firearms shall be transferred, stored, inventoried and accounted for
in accordance with the requirements of this chapter.
5. Responsible supervisory personnel shall ensure that the CBP employees using
non-standard firearm(s) have qualified with the firearm(s) in accordance with this
policy.
M. Acquisition, External Transfer or Destruction of FACTS Assets
1. UFCE is the only authorized entry and exit point for all CBP firearms, less-lethal
devices, and other use of force equipment that is accountable in FACTS.
2. No entity outside of UFCE is approved to loan or transfer CBP firearms, lesslethal devices, or other use of force equipment that is accountable in FACTS to
another agency or to individuals within another agency without the written
approval of the Director of UFCE.

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Chapter 9:

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Inspection, Maintenance and Repair

A. Inspection of CBP Firearms
1. UFCE shall receive and inspect ALL newly acquired firearms to ensure proper
functioning and compliance with CBP specifications and standards.
2. A CBP Field Armorer (FA) or Firearms Instructor (FI) shall inspect all CBP-issued
firearms during qualification periods to ensure safe and proper functioning.
3. Only UFCE-authorized optics, lights and slings may be mounted on a CBPissued firearm. A list of authorized optics, lights and slings may be found on the
UFCE Authorized Equipment List.
4. UFCE has the authority to recall and/or inspect any CBP-issued firearm as
necessary.
B. Maintenance of CBP Firearms
1. All armed CBP employees are responsible for normal cleaning and preventive
maintenance of their CBP-issued firearms. During normal training operations,
firearms shall be cleaned as soon as practicable after being fired.
2. FIs shall provide Authorized Officers/Agents with training regarding proper care,
maintenance, and inspection procedures. This training shall be incorporated into
the training curriculum each training period.
3. Authorized Officers/Agents shall be provided with sufficient materials and
sufficient duty time (consistent with operational needs) to clean their CBP-issued
weapons. A failure to perform normal cleaning and preventative maintenance
may result in disciplinary action.
4. Maintenance should only be done in accordance with the instructions provided by
UFCE or as described in the operator manuals for that particular firearm.
Operator manuals shall be made available to all employees for each of their
CBP-issued firearms.
5. FIs shall ensure that all unissued or pool weapons used in training, practice, or
qualification sessions are cleaned and preventive maintenance performed prior
to returning the weapon to storage.
NOTE: Firearms should not be cleaned if they have been involved in a
reportable use of force, or in an unintentional discharge where a
malfunction is suspected.

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C. Repair of CBP Firearms
1. CBP employees (except those certified and designated as FAs) are prohibited
from making any repairs, adjustments and/or modifications to CBP-issued
firearms unless expressly authorized by the Director of UFCE.
2. CBP-certified FAs are authorized to make certain repairs and/or modifications, as
provided in FA training, and subsequent UFCE-directed repairs and/or
modifications.
3. Firearms requiring repairs beyond FA authorization shall be transferred and
shipped to UFCE in accordance with the procedures outlined in the UFCE
Standard Operating Procedures (available on CBPnet Secure).
D. Inspection of CBP Less-Lethal Devices or Other Use of Force Equipment
1. UFCE shall receive and inspect ALL newly acquired CBP use of force
equipment that is accountable in FACTS to ensure proper functioning and
compliance with CBP specifications and standards.
2. Less-Lethal Instructors (LLIs) shall inspect all less-lethal devices annually.
3. If CBP use of force equipment that is accountable in FACTS becomes damaged
or nonfunctional, it shall be transferred and shipped to UFCE in accordance with
the procedures outlined in the UFCE Standard Operating Procedures (available
on CBPnet Secure).
4. UFCE has the authority to recall and/or inspect any CBP less-lethal device or
other use of force equipment that is accountable in FACTS as necessary.
E. Maintenance of CBP Less-Lethal Devices or Other Use of Force Equipment
1. All CBP employees are responsible for normal cleaning and preventive
maintenance of their CBP-issued less-lethal devices and equipment.
2. LLIs shall provide Authorized Officers/Agents with training regarding proper care,
maintenance, and inspection procedures. This training shall be incorporated into
the training curriculum each training period.
3. Authorized Officers/Agents shall be provided with sufficient materials and
sufficient duty time (consistent with operational needs) to clean their devices. A
failure to perform normal cleaning and preventative maintenance may result in
disciplinary action.
4. Maintenance should only be done in accordance with the instructions provided by
UFCE or as described in the operator manuals for that particular device.

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5. LLIs shall ensure that all unissued or pool devices used in training, practice, or
qualification sessions are cleaned and preventive maintenance performed prior
to returning the devices to storage.
F. Repair of CBP Less-Lethal Devices or Other Use of Force Equipment
1. CBP employees (except those certified and designated as armorers for a
particular less-lethal device) are prohibited from making any repairs, adjustments
and/or modifications to CBP-issued less-lethal devices or other use of force
equipment unless expressly authorized by the Director of UFCE.
2. If CBP use of force equipment that is accountable in FACTS requires repairs
beyond armorer authorization it shall be transferred and shipped to UFCE in
accordance with the procedures outlined in the UFCE Standard Operating
Procedures (available on CBPnet Secure).
G. Shipping of Firearms or Other Use of Force Equipment
1. The appropriate field coordinator is responsible for shipping and receiving all
CBP firearms or other use of force equipment that is accountable in FACTS that
is assigned within their area of responsibility.
2. The shipment of any CBP firearm or other use of force equipment shall be done
in accordance with UFCE Standard Operating Procedures (available in the UFCE
section of CBPnet Secure) and sent by a carrier that can control and track secure
packages.
3. All handguns shall be shipped next day air. Long guns, body armor and lesslethal devices may be shipped by ground. Contents shall not be identified on the
outside of the box.
H. Replacement of CBP Firearms or Other Use of Force Equipment
1. CBP employees shall immediately notify a FI, LLI or appropriate coordinator
when any CBP-issued firearm or other use of force equipment becomes
inoperable or appears to be unsafe to use. Based on the inspection (and
availability) a replacement shall be issued.
2. Body armor shall be replaced in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 7.
3. Coordinators shall return any inoperable or unsafe firearm or other use of force
equipment that is accountable in FACTS to UFCE via the procedures outlined in
the UFCE Standard Operating Procedures (available on CBPnet Secure).

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Chapter 10: CBP-Issued/Approved Ammunition
A. Ammunition Procurement and Use
1. Only CBP-issued/approved ammunition shall be used in CBP-issued firearms.
2. All CBP-issued ammunition shall be new, commercially manufactured and
procured through authorized procurement channels.
3. UFCE is responsible for the research, development, testing and evaluation of all
ammunition within CBP.
4. A list of authorized brands and types of ammunition shall be compiled by UFCE.
This list shall be updated as necessary and made available to the field by UFCE.
5. Purchase Card acquisition of ammunition must be approved in writing by the
Director of UFCE.
B. Special Ammunition Requests
Requests for any specialized ammunition not listed on the approved ammunition list
must be submitted in writing through the respective chain of command to the
Director of UFCE for approval.
C. Ammunition Issue
1. Replacement ammunition for duty carry shall be issued (as needed) after each
firearms qualification session.
2. In addition to the handgun ammunition necessary for duty carry and official
qualifications, operational component ACs may authorize the issue of handgun
proficiency ammunition to each Authorized Officer/Agent upon request,
contingent on the availability of funds.
a. The sale of CBP-issued ammunition by individual employees is prohibited.
b. CBP employees shall expend proficiency ammunition in accordance with all
applicable laws, ordinances and policies.
D. Ammunition Storage
1. Unissued ammunition shall be stored in a secure room with limited access and in
accordance with the policies and procedures cited in the CBP Security Policy and
Procedures Handbook (HB1400-02B), dated August 13, 2009 (available on
CBPnet).

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2. CBP employees are personally responsible for all CBP ammunition issued to
them and must take reasonable measures to ensure its safe storage and general
care in accordance with this policy.
E. Ammunition Inventory
1. All locations should have an inventory of ammunition on hand sufficient to
conduct training, qualifications and operations. On an annual basis, CBP
operational components should anticipate the need for:
a. 800 rounds of handgun ammunition per armed CBP employee;
b. 400 rounds of rifle ammunition per armed CBP employee; and
c. 200 rounds of shotgun ammunition per armed CBP employee.
2. As the inventory of ammunition changes, that change shall be accounted for and
records maintained.
3. Responsible supervisory personnel shall ensure that ammunition inventory is, at
a minimum, recorded in in the Firearms, Armor and Credentials Tracking System
(FACTS) on a monthly basis.
4. The RO (or his or her designee) shall conduct an annual audit for each CBP
location. Records of these audits shall be maintained locally for a period of no
less than five years.
F. Emergency Situations
In threatening, emergent situations, Authorized Officers/Agents are authorized to
use any ammunition available.
However, this statement does not authorize the general carrying of ammunition for
duty that is not specified on the UFCE Authorized Equipment List (or specifically
approved by the Director of UFCE).

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Chapter 11: Use of Force Instructors and Range Operations
A. Firearms Coordinator (FCO)
1. Each RO shall designate a FCO. The FCO shall perform the following functions
as required:
a. Manage the overall firearms and use of force program within his or her area
of responsibility;
b. Schedule and direct the other FIs and Range Safety Officers (RSOs);
c. Ensure that all qualification scores are recorded in FACTS;
d. Maintain sufficient quantities of supplies to conduct the firearms program;
e. Oversee the shipment, receipt, transfer and issuance of firearms at the
location they are assigned within the Firearms, Armor and Credentials
Tracking System (FACTS) and conduct periodic physical inventories of
weapons, ammunition and related equipment and verify the results in the
system;
f. Coordinate the scheduling of officers/agents to participate in the required
firearms qualifications and all applicable training, including use of force,
tactical exercises and other required training; and
g. Make final determinations regarding proficiency, consistent with the
provisions and requirements of this policy.
B. Firearms Instructors (FIs)
1. Each RO shall designate Authorized Officers/Agents to perform full-time or
collateral duties as a FI.
2. The Director of UFCE shall establish the criteria for the selection and certification
of an FI. The Director of UFCE shall maintain a record of all certified FIs.
3. All FIs must have successfully completed a UFCE-approved Firearms Instructor
Training Program (FITP). FIs must be able to cross-train other CBP operational
components.
4. FIs are required to be re-certified at least once every three years through a
re-certification program approved by the Director of UFCE. On a case-by-case
basis, an extension of one year may be approved by the Director of UFCE.

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a. For Authorized Officers/Agents who are assigned to instructional duties as a
FI at a CBP academy (either full time or on an extended detail), the three year
time frame for recertification begins once they leave or their detail ends.
5. All FIs must participate as an instructor in (and record at least one qualification
score in FACTS for) at least one qualification event per year to maintain
certification.
6. All FIs must complete an annual training update, which will address any updates
to training, tactics, policy and/or equipment.
7. During firearms training, practice or qualification sessions, FIs are responsible for
taking all reasonable steps to ensure the safety and security of all personnel and
property. They are authorized to remove any person from the range who refuses
to comply with safety instructions or otherwise would pose a safety risk.
C. Range Safety Officers (RSOs)
1. Range Safety Officers (RSOs) are utilized to augment safety requirements on a
range during authorized firearms training. They are trained locally using a
prescribed program authorized by the Director of UFCE and administered by a
FI.
2. Once they complete the program requirements they can act as safety officers
during established qualification and familiarization courses of fire.
3. RSOs do not carry any firearms instructor certification and therefore cannot take
the place of certified FIs. A certified FI is required to conduct any and all training
that utilizes RSOs.
D. Primary Less-Lethal Instructor (PLLI)
1. Each RO shall designate a PLLI. The PLLI shall perform the following functions
as required:
a. Manage the less-lethal training program within his or her area of
responsibility;
b. Schedule and direct the other LLIs and Less-Lethal Training Safety Officers
(LLTSOs);
c. Ensure that less-lethal qualifications and training are input into FACTS;
d. Maintain sufficient quantities of supplies to conduct the less-lethal program;

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e. Oversee the shipment, receipt, transfer and issuance of less-lethal devices at
the location they are assigned and conduct periodic physical inventories of
weapons, ammunition and related equipment and verify the results in the
system;
f. Coordinate the scheduling of officers/agents to participate in the required
qualifications and all applicable training, including use of force, tactical
exercises and other required training; and
g. Make final determinations regarding proficiency, consistent with the
provisions and requirements of this policy.
E. Less-Lethal Instructors (LLIs)
1. Each RO shall designate Authorized Officers/Agents to perform full-time or
collateral duties as a LLI.
2. The Director of UFCE shall establish the criteria for the selection, certification
and re-certification of LLIs. Such criteria must be reasonable and fairly applied in
all selection, certification and re-certification actions. The Director of UFCE shall
maintain a record of all certified LLIs.
3. LLIs are required to be re-certified at least once every three years through a recertification program approved by the Director of UFCE. On a case-by-case
basis, an extension of one year may be approved by the Director of UFCE.
a. For Authorized Officers/Agents who are assigned to instructional duties as a
LLI at a CBP academy (either full time or on an extended detail), the three
year time frame for recertification begins once they leave or their detail ends.
4. All LLIs must participate as an instructor in (and update at least one training
record in FACTS for) at least one training class per year to maintain certification.
5. All LLIs must complete an annual training update, which will address any updates
to training, tactics, policy and/or equipment.
6. During less-lethal training, practice or certification sessions, LLIs are responsible
for taking all reasonable steps to ensure the safety and security of all personnel
and property. LLIs are authorized to remove any person from the training area
who refuses to comply with safety instructions or otherwise would pose a safety
risk.

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F. Less-Lethal Training Safety Officers (LLTSOs)
1. Less-Lethal Training Safety Officers (LLTSOs) are utilized to augment safety
requirements during authorized less-lethal training. They are trained locally
using a prescribed program authorized by the Director of UFCE and administered
by a LLI.
2. Once they complete the program requirements they can act as safety officers
during less-lethal training and qualification.
3. LLTSOs do not carry any less-lethal instructor certification and therefore cannot
take the place of certified LLIs. A certified LLI is required to conduct any and all
training that utilizes LLTSOs.
G. Range Operations and Safety
1. All personnel participating in firearms qualifications shall conduct themselves in a
safe and professional manner at all times. Any employee who observes a
dangerous or unsafe condition while on the range should immediately call
“CEASE FIRE” in a voice that can be heard by all shooters.
2. When conducting firearms training, the FI has the absolute and final authority on
matters of range operation and safety.
3. FIs shall remove from the range any person who fails to comply with safety
practices, procedures or instructions.
4. Prior to commencing range activities, FIs shall ensure that the following minimum
safety precautions are adhered to:
a. An emergency transport vehicle is designated;
b. A telephone, a wireless telephone, and/or radio is available;
c. Emergency numbers are available;
d. A first aid trauma kit is available; and
e. A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is in place for the possibility of
injuries. This SOP should be designed for the specific range location and
shall include the location of appropriate medical facilities and access to local
Emergency Medical Services (EMS).
5. FIs shall ensure that all personnel on or near the firing line use appropriate eye
and hearing protection.
a. Eye protection shall cover the front and sides of the eyes.
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b. Hearing protection shall be both inner ear plugs and outer ear protection of a
hard shell design. Such protective devices shall be available to all employees
at the firearms range.
6. When participating in firearms qualifications, Authorized Officers/Agents shall
wear their normal duty uniform and equipment (as determined by the RO, or his
or her designee).
7. During qualification and structured training, CBP employees shall use only CBPissued weapons.
8. CBP employees shall qualify with their assigned CBP weapons. If a weapon
malfunctions during qualification and cannot be repaired on-site, the employee
may qualify with a different weapon of identical make and model (if available).
9. FIs shall manually inventory weapons used during qualification and ensure that
officers/agents qualify with their assigned weapons. The FI shall ensure that the
inventory and qualification scores are properly entered in FACTS.
10. The minimum ratios of FIs/RSOs to shooters on the firing line are:
a. For practice and demonstration of firearms proficiency sessions, one FI/RSO
per every six shooters; and
b. For tactical firearms training exercises, one FI per every two shooters during
static shooting and one FI for each shooter during dynamic movement
shooting.

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Appendix I: Acknowledgement of Receipt of CBP Use of Force Policy,
Guidelines and Procedures Handbook
As a CBP Officer or Agent who is authorized to carry a firearm and less-lethal device(s),
you are required to comply with and be thoroughly familiar with all aspects of the CBP
Use of Force Policy, Guidelines and Procedures Handbook. You have been provided a
complete copy of the Handbook and the opportunity to discuss the contents with your
supervisor or other management officials. Due to the critical nature of certain aspects of
the Handbook, your attention is particularly directed to the following:
Part I: Policy on the Use of Force By CBP Officers and Agents – This section
addresses DHS and CBP policy regarding the use of force.
Part II, Chapter 1: Authorized Officers/Agents and the Authority to Carry Firearms –
This section specifically addresses the requirements for an Authorized Officer/Agent to
carry a firearm and the circumstances under which a firearm may be carried.
Part II, Chapter 3: Guidelines and Procedures Following the Use of Deadly Force –
This section provides guidelines and procedures on the specific actions that shall be
taken in the event that an incident involving the use of deadly force occurs.
Part II, Chapter 4: Guidelines and Procedures on the Use of Less-Lethal Force – This
section provides guidelines and procedures on the use of the use of less-lethal force,
including the specific actions that shall be taken in the event that an incident involving
the use of less-lethal force occurs.
Part II, Chapter 6: Use of Force Proficiency and Training – This section addresses
training requirements and the requirements to maintain firearm and less-lethal device
certification.
By signing this statement, you acknowledge that you have read, understand, and
agree to comply with all parts and chapters of the CBP Use of Force Policy,
Guidelines and Procedures Handbook.
__________________________
Officer’s/Agent’s Name (Printed)

__________________________
Officer’s/Agent’s Signature

__________
Date

__________________________
Supervisor’s Signature

__________
Date

__________________________
Officer’s/Agent’s Duty Location
__________________________
Supervisor’s Name (Printed)

This signed acknowledgment shall be included in the employee’s local personnel file.

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Appendix II: DHS Policy on the Use of Deadly Force

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Appendix II: DHS Policy on the Use of Deadly Force

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Appendix II: DHS Policy on the Use of Deadly Force

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Appendix III: DHS Commitment to Nondiscriminatory Law
Enforcement and Screening Activities

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Appendix III: DHS Commitment to Nondiscriminatory Law Enforcement

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Appendix IV: Reporting Significant Incidents to the Commissioner’s
Situation Room – CBP Memorandum 3340-025D

Appendix IV: Reporting to the Commissioner’s Situation Room

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Appendix IV: Reporting to the Commissioner’s Situation Room

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Appendix V: The Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA)

Appendix V: The Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA)

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Appendix V: The Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA)

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Appendix V: The Law Enforcement Officers Safety Act (LEOSA)

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Appendix VI: Authorized CBP Courses of Fire
Course of Fire:

Page:

72 Round / 25 Yard – Handgun Course of Fire………………………………………... 95
30 Round / 15 Yard – Handgun Course of Fire………………………………………... 97
50 Round / 25 Yard – Handgun Course of Fire………………………………………... 98
50 Round / 100 Yard – Rifle Course of Fire (Version 1)………………………………. 99
50 Round / 100 Yard – Rifle Course of Fire (Version 2)…………………………….... 100
5 Slug / 25 Yard – Shotgun Course of Fire (Version 1)……………………………….. 101
5 Slug / 25 Yard – Shotgun Course of Fire (Version 2)…………….…………………. 102
5 Slug / 25 Yard – Shotgun Course of Fire (Version 3)………………………………. 103
50 Round / 50 Yard – Submachine Gun Course of Fire……………………………… 104
50 Round / 25 Yard – Submachine Gun Course of Fire……………………………… 105
FITP 60 Round / 25 Yard – Handgun Course of Fire…………………………………. 106
FITP 50 Round / 100 Yard – Rifle Course of Fire……………………………………... 108
FITP 5 Slug / 25 Yard – Shotgun Course of Fire………………………………………. 109

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Appendix VII: Glossary
AC

Assistant Commissioner – The director of an operational component of
U.S. Customs and Border Protection.

CBP

Customs and Border Protection – An agency within the Department of
Homeland Security.

COA

Co-Authority – An individual designated by the Responsible Official to act
in his/her stead in all functions in FACTS.

CPA

Chief Patrol Agent – The agent in charge of a Border Patrol Sector.

CS

O-Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile – The active ingredient in CS gas or
spray.

CSB

Collapsible Straight Baton – A less-lethal force device.

DFO

Director of Field Operations – The director in charge of a specific number
of Ports of Entry under the Office of Field Operations.

DHS

Department of Homeland Security – A cabinet level agency of the United
States Government.

EAP

Employee Assistance Program – A CBP program established to provide
assistance and guidance to employees.

EMS

Emergency Medical Services – Ambulance or paramedic services.

FA

Field Armorer – A firearms instructor who has been trained and certified
through formal instruction to conduct limited maintenance and repair of
CBP weapons.

FCO

Firearms Coordinator (FCO) – The lead firearms instructor responsible for
receiving, controlling and issuing CBP use of force equipment to CBP
personnel within their duty area.

FI

Firearms Instructor – An officer/agent who has been trained and certified
through formal instruction as a CBP firearms instructor.

IA

Internal Affairs – A division of CBP that is responsible for internal
investigation of all operational components.

LLI

Less-Lethal Instructor – An officer/agent who has been trained and
certified through formal instruction to teach less-lethal tactics, techniques
and devices.

Appendix VII: Glossary

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OAM

Office of Air and Marine – One of the three operational components of
CBP; composed of all CBP air and marine assets.

OBP

Office of Border Patrol – One of the three operational components of CBP.

OC

Oleoresin Capsicum – The active ingredient in OC spray, derived from
cayenne pepper.

OFO

Office of Field Operations – One of the three operational components of
CBP.

OTD

Office of Training and Development – A division of CBP at headquarters
level with the responsibility to create, develop and implement basic and
advanced training for all operational components of CBP.

PLLI

Primary Less-Lethal Instructor – The lead less-lethal force instructor
responsible for receiving, controlling, and issuing CBP less-lethal use of
force equipment to CBP personnel within their duty area.

PPMOB

Personal Property Management Oversight Board (PPMOB) – A
Headquarters board composed of representatives from all operational
components to determine disposition of lost or destroyed CBP assets.

RO

Responsible Officials – Chief, Office of Border Patrol (OBP); Assistant
Commissioner, Office of Field Operations (OFO); Assistant Commissioner,
Office of Internal Affairs (IA); Assistant Commissioner, Office of Air and
Marine (OAM); Assistant Commissioner, Office of Training and
Development (OTD); Chief Patrol Agent (CPA); Director, Field Operations
(DFO); Directors, Air Operations and Marine Operations (DAO, DMO);
Division Directors, Internal Affairs (IA); Director of UFCE; and other
officials designated in writing by the Commissioner.

RSO

Range Safety Officer – An officer/agent trained in range safety procedures
utilized as a line safety officer on the firing line.
Serious Physical Injury – Injury which creates a substantial risk of death or
which causes serious disfigurement, serious impairment of health or
serious loss or impairment of the function of any bodily organ or structure
or involves serious concussive impact to the head

SFW

Shoulder-Fired Weapon – A CBP-issued rifle or long arm.

UFCE

Use of Force Center of Excellence – A division of the Office of Training
and Development responsible for development of CBP use of force policy,
procurement of CBP firearms and tactical equipment and oversight of use
of force training for all CBP operational components.

Appendix VII: Glossary

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